Culture Of Indigenous Peoples Research Articles

Personal Songs in the Culture of Indigenous Peoples of the North: The Sacred Meaning

Personal Songs in the Culture of Indigenous Peoples of the North: The Sacred Meaning

A Study on the Management Effectiveness and Problems of Tribal Colleges in Taiwan

The main purpose of this study is to analyze the development background and objectives of indigenous tribal colleges, and to understand the effectiveness and problems of its management in Taiwan. After SWOT analysis, the main findings are as follows: 1. Advantages: the unique culture of indigenous people is an opportunity for economic development. In addition, the protection of laws and regulations is the main advantage of tribal college. 2. Weakness: under the current economic system, the indigenous people are limited in land use, inconvenient transportation, inadequate agricultural technology, and unsmooth sales channels, which limit their economic development. 3. Threats: because the population flows to the city, the tribal people do not understand what kind of institution the tribal university is, and some of the funds have to be paid by the learners themselves, resulting in the low participation of the tribal people. Moreover, the units that handle tribal college are almost different every year, which affects the preservation of data. 4. Opportunities: the existence of tribal college also provides an opportunity for the inheritance and reconstruction of indigenous culture. Based on the above analysis, this study puts forward relevant suggestions for the management of tribal college

Проблема співвідношення полів культурної та візуальної антропології в логіці кризи текстоцентричних методів дослідження культури

The article is devoted to the study of the relevance of anthropological issues in the beginning of twentieth century and socio-cultural background of the anthropological sciences. The specificity of the subject and method of anthropology as a science in general focused on the systematization of empirical material which was studied. In this context, the logic of the formation of cultural / social anthropology and its instrumental interest to the video productions of technical media is studied. Anthropology tried to form a scientific understanding of human world as a holistic phenomenon (combining theoretical generalizations based on empirical data), while cultural anthropology focused on the study of cultural diversity. Visual anthropology emerged as a crossing of the fields of cultural anthropology as an academic discipline and the field of application of technical optical media, and thus a new source of empirical material. The gradual accumulation of empirical material in the "field researches" of anthropologists allowed to significantly expand the subject area and optics of anthropological science. And also it allowed visual anthropology to go gradually beyond the instrumental function that was originally intended for it. Meanwhile, the text-centered view of ethnographic material led to the transform of the culture of indigenous peoples into the codes of Western civilization, and hence to its reduction. Any of the various authentic non-Western cultures fundamentally distinguishes them from the unification style of the modern culture. The accumulation of video production by ethnography has allowed not only to preserve the disappearing authentic cultures, but also to develop methods of systematization of visual material, as well as to understand the role of visual anthropology as an autonomous discipline of the humanities. The integration of two aspects of visual anthropology (the production and study of images) casts doubt the classical style of positivist science: in particular, on the one hand the status of the subject as an observer or a spectator, on the one hand, and the monopoly of text optics, on the other.

Военная культура в героических сказаниях народов Сибири и Дальнего Востока

The paper studies the military culture of indigenous peoples in heroic epos of the Tungus-Manchurian, Ob-Ugric, and Paleo-Asiatic peoples. The Evenk folklore reflects the period of wars with Changites and Deptygirs. The descriptions of the bogatyrs’ battles with enemies show a special formula condemning the confrontation. High-status characters warn the warriors of their responsibility to the spirits for the destruction. In Chukchi and Koryak folklore, some peoples unite to fight against others for land and deer herds. The heroes protect the community and family honor by following the custom of blood feuds. There are still legends about wars and ancestors’ attempts to make a truce. The main Khanty and Mansi heroic tales are about the military campaigns for matchmaking or blood feuds, fights for deer, and territorial claims, the plots often ending with a peace agreement. Also, the battle could be for deer herds, grazing, prisoners, often resulting in bloodshed. One enemy would be left alive to inform tribesmen about the end of the war. The legends describe peace agreements confirmed by a joint meal. Folklore translates the peaceful life value and condemns war. The relations of Siberian and Far Eastern ethnic groups have been developing for centuries. They share the history of struggle for territories and resources, marriage and trade relations, heroic competitions. Northern ethnic legends tell about the contacts and wars with the nearest neighbors and the importance of peaceful coexistence. The folklore descriptions of military ethics and formulas calling for peace form a culture of inter-ethnic interaction.

«Тунгусский след»: рецепция словесности эвенков Сибири и Северного Китая XVIII‒XXI вв. в свете глобальных стратегий этнополитики и геокультуры

The review article makes the first attempt to outline a wide geographical spread of translations and studies of Siberian and Northern Chinese Evenks’ texts of XVIII-XXI centuries in Russia and abroad. Studying the reception of indigenous people culture is important for understanding how this process relates to the strategies of ethnopolitics and geoculture in Russia and China. The authors focus on certain research centers and the works of their representatives, which are studying the emergence of Evenk literature and the spreading of Evenks’ creativity in today’s world. The article reveals the outgrowth of Evenks’ texts of the XVIII-XXI centuries’ translations and traces the direction of Evenk culture’s research in Russia and abroad. The study has shown that the reception of Siberian and Northern Chinese Evenks’ texts in various historical periods is uneven and depends on the current social and political situation in the countries that affects ethnodifferentiation vs. ethnointegration strategies and the urgent tasks of ethnopolitics and geoculture

Implementation of the Principles of Sustainable Development in the Baikal Region: Historical, Cultural and Educational Aspects

The issue of the implementation of certain aspects of the concept of sustainable development as a new civilizational paradigm in the conditions of the Baikal region is considered. The authors consider the experience of implementing the principles of sustainable development in the Baikal region, taking into account the socio-ecological, cultural and educational factors. The relevance of the study lies in the need to develop a new technology that can reduce the anthropogenic impact on the ecosystem of the lake itself and the coastal area. According to the authors, the most effective technology is the implementation of the principles of “education for sustainable development” (ESD). The solution to its problems is revealed through the educational efforts of teachers to preserve the ethnic culture of indigenous peoples, through the development of civic consciousness and patriotism of students, through the development of the intercultural competence of the individual. The novelty of the research is seen in the fact that the team of authors was one of the founders of education for sustainable development in the Republic of Buryatia, the creation of an international network of eco-oriented schools, the implementation of ESD courses at the university, practical environmental protection in the form of various grants and international collaboration for more than 25 years within the framework of a public organization. For the first time the historical periodization of the implementation of the principles of sustainable development in the Baikal region is presented in the article.

Сохранение и развитие национальных языков и культур коренных народов России как необходимое условие создания благоприятной билингвальной образовательной среды на территории РФ

The article covers significance of cultural and educational events for development of the bilingual environment; gives definitions of the terms “bilingualism”, “bilingual educational environment” and “indigenous / small peoples”. The relevance of studying this issue is in changing approaches from 2017 in teaching national languages in bilingual and multilingual regions of the country, in changing the number of hours in teaching in native (national) languages in a secondary school, in taking into account the national-regional component in the education system of a multinational state. The subject of the research is rapidly disappearing ethnic groups and their languages according to the classification of languages of UNESCO. The article emphasizes the importance of preserving and promoting national languages and cultures for establishing intercultural dialogue and peaceful coexistence of ethnic groups in a multinational state. The purpose of the article is to identify and draw attention to the problem of disappearance of national languages and cultures through a set of measures in the field of culture, science, education. Research methods: study of literature on the research topic, analysis of educational programs and curricula, a comparative analysis method for describing the status of the languages. Results. In the study, we came to the conclusion that the availability of bilingual textbooks and teaching aids with assignments built on national-Russian bilingualism, the organization of various kinds of bilingual events and their popularization in the media will help to maintain a viable level of national languages and cultures of indigenous peoples in the Russian Federation.

Internationalization of languages and culture of indigenous peoples of the arctic in the global internet

As globalization expands, the phenomenon of languages disappearance is becoming more critical. In the context of the information society development, the clash of globalization and national identity is acute. Information and communication technologies play an extremely important role in the balance of power between competing languages, and here the dominant languages have advantages to the detriment of others. To eliminate these trends, it is necessary to take urgent measures to support minority languages that are on the verge of extinction. This paper discusses ways to solve the problem and represent the languages and cultures of the indigenous peoples of the North and the Arctic on the global Internet. The article is devoted to the internationalization of the languages and cultures of the indigenous people of the North and the Arctic through the global Internet. The purpose of the study is the creation and use of the multilingual Internet portal www.arctic-megapedia.ru , which should integrate the languages and cultures of all indigenous peoples of the North and the Arctic in the global information space to the new multicultural communication of XXI century. For the implementation of the project, an internationalization model was used based on the terms “internationalization” and “localization” and their concepts adopted in computer science. The project “Digitalization of the Linguistic and Cultural Heritage of Indigenous Peoples of the Arctic” will be submitted to the Arctic Council for implementation in 2020-2023. Multilingual portal www.arctic-megapedia.ru should become a part of the world multicultural environment and organically integrate the languages and culture of the indigenous peoples of the North and the Arctic into the global information space so that they can fully represent their people, native language and culture in this multicultural environment of humankind. Localization of the project will be implemented by the creation of regional Internet resources on indigenous peoples, living in these territories and countries, subsequently integrated on a unified multilingual online portal www.arctic-megapedia.ru . The implementation of the project will be focused on promoting the achievement of the sustainable development goals of the indigenous peoples of the Arctic in the context of globalization.

Election of Regional Representative Councils Members with Noken System in Election Principle Perspective

The holding of General Elections, including the election of members of the Regional Representative Council in parts of Papua, has its own character because its implementation is different from the general election. If all this time we only know that, the implementation of the General Election is carried out in a "direct, general, free and secret manner", then there are some areas in Papua that still use the general election with the noken/tie system. This is because the culture of indigenous peoples in the Papua region in terms of decision-making concerning common interests is carried out through deliberation meetings involving members of the community as a whole or certain people ("Men with authority" or "The Big Man") only as representatives to take a decision. This is also corroborated by the Constitutional Court Decision Number 47-81 / PHPU.A-VII / 2009 which basically states that they do not question the voting system used by indigenous peoples in the central highlands of Papua, because the essence of the General Election process is that everyone can exercise direct, public, free and confidential voting rights. With the implementation of the General Election (including the election of DPD members) with the noken/ikat system, it does not provide guarantees and legal certainty for the constitutional rights of voters to determine for themselves who they think is best based on their rational logic. Honesty does not only mean that no provisions in the General Election are violated or simply that no votes are manipulated. Honesty must also be interpreted as the system that most allows the people to elect candidates according to their conscience based on the capacity and integrity of the candidates.

Implementing Indigenous cultures and Indigenous knowledges: A public policy dilemma

Abstract In Australia, governments are committed to integrating the cultures of Indigenous peoples into the decisions and actions of governments - known as public policies. The National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Plan 2013-2023 has culture central to its policy framework making it permissible for Indigenous peoples to practice their cultures and knowledges. While there is a readiness to implement Indigenous cultures, regrettably there still remains deep-seated resistance due to institutional and systemic racism, and racist attitudes. These factors along with unconscious biases prevent the realisation of Indigenous people's cultures and their knowledges. A system-wide translational model of practice (the model) has been developed that aims to support the implementation of Indigenous cultures and knowledges. The model adopts a system thinking approach that considers complex social phenomenon's involving paradigms, structures and actors within and across systems and sub-systems. Similarly, the model targets system leverage points aimed to embed Indigenous cultures and knowledges into policy practice. Indigenous people's cultures and knowledges could be the answer to the global challenges facing the public health community. However, as is the case in Australia, Indigenous people's cultures and knowledges are devalued and often dismissed as irrelevant. The model of practice offers a framework to enable, embed and enact the cultures and, in deed the knowledges held by Indigenous peoples. The model could be beneficial for other countries who are searching for solutions to address complex problems like global warming. Critically, a key requirement of the model is to listen and learn from Indigenous peoples along with acknowledgement that Indigenous cultures is innately related to the knowledges held by Indigenous people. Finally, using leverage points in systems to embed Indigenous people's cultures and knowledges into global solutions is a necessity. Key messages Indigenous cultures is their knowledges and their knowledges count. Have an open heart and an open mind to listen and learn.

Peran Klan dalam Pemilihan Kepala Kampung Tahima Soroma, Jayapura

The encounter of regulations originating from the state with the culture of indigenous peoples has given birth to a new socio-cultural order. Like what happened in Pulo Village, during the election process for the village head, there was a negotiation process between state regulations and customary norms. For this reason, using an ethnographic approach, this study seeks to uncover how the role of clans in the election of village heads is related to the system of social stratification with relations between kin. The technique of selecting informants is determined purposively, with the data collection techniques used are observation and interviews. Data analysis includes data reduction processes, data descriptions and conclusions. The results showed that the social stratification of the Kayupulo people consisted of, Ondoafi, clan head Clans (upper class), Clan Members, and Migrant Communities. Then relations between clans are formed from economic activity and clan relations in exogamous marriages. The role of kin in the election of village heads is seen starting from the process of determining candidates for candidates through a process of customary consolidation that those who verify that they can nominate as village chiefs. Clans that were reclaimed as village leaders are carried out in turn from lines, Sibi, Yowe, Haay, and Soro for every one time tenure.

Formación profesional en educación física en Colombia. Críticas desde la interculturalidad y la cultura de los pueblos indígenas

El escrito expone los resultados del trabajo de investigación, cuyo objetivo fue el de identificar la cultura de los pueblos indígenas y la interculturalidad en los procesos de formación profesional en Educación Física en Colombia. A nivel metodológico, el ejercicio caminó en la espiral, buscando la Jijunan (comprensión) y la Kajijunan (interpretación) en un diálogo horizontal con la técnica del análisis de contenido para inferir y desocultar lo latente, lo no aparente en los documentos institucionales y mallas curriculares. Como resultados se destacan la existencia de 46 programas del nivel de pregrado y 15 de posgrados entre especializaciones y maestrías. Respecto a las unidades de relevancia de la investigación, solo se halló un descriptor referido a la interculturalidad y ninguno a la cultura de los pueblos indígenas. De esto se puede colegir, a modo de conclusión, la permanencia del proyecto invisibilizador de la otredad, subalternizador de la cultura de los pueblos indígenas y, por tanto, negador de la diversidad social en los procesos de formación profesional.

Los derechos culturales de los pueblos indígenas en la jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos

This paper, in the first place, systematizes the jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights on the cultural rights of indigenous peoples. Second, it analyzes the impact that the culture of indigenous peoples has on the interpretation of a set of rights associated with the American Convention on Human Rights. Third, the work proposes a classification of the jurisprudence on the cultural rights of indigenous peoples. Finally, some conclusions are presented.

Introductory Aspects on Human Rights Violations Suffered by Indigenous Peoples during the Period of Brazilian Civil-Military Dictatorship

This current work studies the human rights violations suffered by indigenous peoples during the period of the Brazilian CivilMilitary Dictatorship. Likewise, it makes some notes about the beginning of the violations in a moment before this dark period. On this path, even before the Military Coup was launched in the year 1964 (one thousand nine hundred and sixty-four), the Indians were already experiencing constant usurpations of their rights at the expense of irresponsibilities commanded most of the time, by those who should watch over their rights lives. As will be seen, the violation and disrespect for Human Rights in the face of these peoples ended up becoming common and gaining strength mainly in the beginning of the implementation of the military regime. Negligent attempts at acculturation and "emancipation", in addition to inconsequential contacts with isolated peoples, culminated in the destruction and predatory logging of their lands. Missing processes of terribly violating demarcations of indigenous areas promoted the expulsion of countless peoples, causing the Indians to fall into a life totally surrounded by hunger, begging, alcoholism and prostitution. All in the name of the so-called “economic advance”, which aimed at building roads, in what was called “occupation of the Amazon”? As frequently stated by the authorities at the time, the Amazon rainforest was seen and understood as a “population void” by the Military Government. According to this thought idealized by the disgusting dictators and supporters, it will be observed that the cases of violations of Human Rights have been systematically “legalized”. The life, land and culture of indigenous peoples were left in the background. Depending on this brief narrative developed through documentary research, based on a hypothetical-deductive method, the intention is to rescue the martyrdoms of that time, demonstrating what actually happened to indigenous peoples during the Military Regime, in the simplest attempt to remember or even disclose to those who are unaware of this part of history. All that said, don't you forget. So that it never happens again.

Перспективы этноэкологических исследований культуры коренных народов российского Дальнего Востока

Перспективы этноэкологических исследований культуры коренных народов российского Дальнего Востока

Interculturalidad en los procesos de formación profesional en Educación Física en Colombia

Este artículo expone los resultados de un trabajo de investigación que tuvo como objetivo identificar la presencia de la cultura de los pueblos indígenas y de la interculturalidad en los procesos de formación profesional en Educación Física en Colombia . A nivel metodológico, la pesquisa se desenvolvió en el pensar en espiral, buscando la mau jxijunga (comprensión) y la mau jxiju’ (interpretación), en un diálogo horizontal con la técnica del análisis de contenido para inferir y desocultar lo latente en las mallas curriculares, con apoyo de entrevistas a directores de programas del campo de formación profesional estudiado. Como resultados, se destacan el análisis de 46 programas del nivel de pregrado entre licenciaturas y profesionalizaciones y 15 de posgrados. Respecto a las unidades de relevancia de la investigación, solo se encontró un descriptor referido a la interculturalidad y ninguno a la cultura de los pueblos indígenas. Se concluye que existe una disonancia entre este panorama y el marco normativo colombiano que, de acuerdo con la Constitución Política de 1991, hace referencia a la necesidad de una cultura, una política pública y una educación comprometida con el rescate y la promoción de la diversidad para una sociedad que se reconoce multicultural y pluriétnica.

Recruiting and retaining of Indigenous Probations Officers

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to define different types of culturally commensurate experiences, events, activities and interventions which Indigenous people find relevant for improving cultural diversity.Design/methodology/approachBased on interviews and surveys with Indigenous Probations Officers, the authors define a framework of nine experiences and events relevant to the organization, team and cultural development.FindingsThe key finding lies in proposing a framework of what Indigenous Probation Officers finding lies view as commensurate experiences, activities or interventions which recognize their cultural context (American Psychological Association, 2003).Research limitations/implicationsThe key limitations to this study are the size of the sample and the inability to conclusively argue that the framework of experiences developed can claim to represent those important for improving recruitment and retentions of all Indigenous Probation Officers. Further exploratory research of this type is necessary to add to this research in guiding future research and practice.Practical implicationsThe definition of a multicultural experiences offered here might be useful in encouraging Probation Officers and others in developing a deeper appreciation of cultures of Indigenous peoples and other groups.Social implicationsThe purpose is to better understand an Indigenous perspective on enhancing a connection to culture within the Corrections system.Originality/valueRather than using a list of competencies to shape behaviors and experiences that people practice, the underlying assumption is to encourage cultural multiculturalism framework competency development by focusing on experiences and events important to objectives related to improving diversity.

CSR and reconciliation with Indigenous peoples in Canada

PurposeThis paper aims to highlight blind spots in the discourse of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and stretch the boundaries of existent CSR frameworks within the particular context of resource extraction and with regard to the particular stakeholder group of Indigenous peoples in Canada. This context is important in light of the recommendations from the recent Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), as they relate to initiatives that businesses may take towards reconciliation with Indigenous people.Design/methodology/approachThis paper brings together a disparate body of literature on CSR, Indigenous spiritual values and experiences of extractive practices on Indigenous ancestral lands. Suggestions are offered for empirical research and projects that may advance the project of reconciliation.FindingsCSR may not be an appropriate framework for reconciliation without alteration to its managerial biases and ideological assumptions. The CSR discourse needs to accommodate the “free prior and informed consent” of Indigenous peoples and their spiritual values and knowledge vis-à-vis the land for resource extractive practices to edge towards being socially responsible when they occur on Canadian ancestral territories.Originality/valueCanadian society exists in a post-TRC world, which demands that we reconcile with our past of denying Indigenous values and suppressing the cultures of Indigenous peoples from flourishing. This paper aspires to respond to the TRC’s recommendation for how businesses in the resource extractive industries may engage meaningfully and authentically with Indigenous people in Canada as a step towards reconciliation.

Культурно-языковые особенности формирования идентичности в условиях социальной коммуникации

The article discusses the problems of languages and cultures of indigenous peoples of the North in the aspect of social communication. The relevance of the three-stage model of identity formation in children of the peoples of the North, implemented in the framework of the academic subject (course) «Culture of the Peoples of the North», is based on the results of scientific research conducted at the Institute of National Schools of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia).

Cultural heritage of the indigenous Arctic peoples of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia)

The article is devoted to the analysis of a little-studied phenomenon of the Arctic peoples of North-East Asia, which is the historical and cultural heritage of the atokhton northern ethnicgroups of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Evens, Evenks, Yukaghirs, Chukchis and Dolgans live in Russia compactly in the extreme climatic, geographical conditions, and also in the special socio-economic realities of the unique Arctic region of the planet. An important factor of their sustainable development in the context of interaction between different cultures, especially global, post-industrial and traditional, is the creation of a favorable terms for traditional lifestyles and traditional economic activities, which are based on the full harmony and interaction of the human community and nature. Under these conditions, the most important, obvious and relevant is the study of the life and work of the peoples of the circumpolar Arctic in the mainstream of the scientific direction created by the academician D.S. Likhachev named as “ecology of culture”. In the present article, the subject of the close attention and research are both the objects and issues of the environmental protection (ecology of nature), and the material and spiritual culture of society (human ecology). The preservation, development and revival of the native language and culture of the Arctic ethnic groups of the Sakha Republic is an important requirement for ensuring the stability of the ethnic traditions. Russian scientists and explorers of the North actively worked in this direction and contributed into Philology, Folklore and Ethnography of the indigenous Arctic peoples of Yakutia and adjacent regions of the Russian Federation. The joint project of the Institute for Humanities Research and Indigenous Studies of the North, Russian Academy of Science, Siberian Branch and the Institute of the Peoples of the North of Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia “Monuments of ethnic culture of indigenous peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East” successfully continues researchers of the Arctic in the XXI century. It is noteworthy that the main part of the project participants are the representatives from among the indigenous peoples of the North; they conduct such kind of research, which combines their life experience and scientific knowledge.