Culture In Spain Research Articles

The measurement of work–family culture in Spain and some applications to other economies

This investigation adapts the scales assessing work–family culture to consider several characteristics found in Spanish organizations (e.g. extended schedules and a high value attributed to working long hours). Organizational phenomena not included in other scales are integrated into a modified instrument (e.g. managers efforts to inform about the available work–family benefits, being considered more efficient when working many hours). Suggestions on the measurement of these new features in other economies are provided. Two studies are conducted: one to develop the scale and another to validate it. The resulting instrument comprehends three components: managerial support, career consequences and supervisor support.

Traducción del Nuevo Mundo: ¿diálogo intercultural o confrontación de culturas? Aproximación a la visión del Otro en las crónicas del Descubrimiento y la conquista

The objective of this paper is to show main difficulties in the intercultural translation process which has been taking place during the Discovery and the Conquest of the New World, in the 15th and 16th centuries. These historical facts are considered as a metaphor of translation in general, and letters, chronicles and histories of some Spanish authors of that period are analyzed as examples of interpretation / translation based on their eurocentric and Christian background. Finally, domestication of the New Spain culture is indicated as a main translation strategy and a confrontation of cultures rather than dialogue is stressed as a general feature of the cultural contact.

Propaganda e información en tiempos de guerra: España y América (1700–1714) (review)

Gonzalez cruz, david. Propaganda e informacion en tiempos de guerra: Espana y America (1700-1714). Madrid: Silex, 2009. 304 pp.In the aftermath of a constitutional court rescinding Catalonia's 2006 Statute of Autonomy - a decision which brought over a million protestors onto the streets of Barcelona on July 10, 2010 - issues of identity and culture in Spain have received renewed attention in the press. Many Catalans trace the loss of their autonomy to the defeat of the Habsburg contender for the Spanish throne in the early eighteenth century. During and immediately after the war, the Bourbon King Philip V punished the rebellious kingdoms of Aragon and Valencia by decreeing a series of reforms that established uniform legal codes in lieu of their regional privileges fueros). Contemporary Barcelona commemorates the 1714 siege of the city with a monument to Catalan liberties, taken away at the hands of a centralizing monarch. The prominence of the period is such that, since the early twentieth century, Catalans celebrate their National Day on September 11, the anniversary of the end of the war. In Propaganda e informacion en tiempos de guerra, historian David Gonzalez Cruz concludes that the War of the Spanish Succession (1700-1714) did not precipitate separatism or protonationalism in provinces such as Catalonia. While a great deal of propaganda appealed directly to Catalans in their own language, and questions concerning foralism became increasingly contentious, Gonzalez Cruz maintains that the war must be understood as a struggle for legitimacy between competing dynasties rather than as a battle between nations.Scholars have noted the importance of economics in the contest for dynastic supremacy in early- eighteenth- century Europe. The English and French invested a tremendous amount of resources into the War of the Spanish Succession precisely because they coveted the trade and mineral wealth of Spanish America. Drawing upon the paradigm of Atlantic history, Gonzalez Cruz thus offers a corrective to the view of the war as a purely European affair. Mining the archives of more than ten nations, including Argentina, Bolivia, Cuba, Mexico, Spain, and France, the author demonstrates the interconnectedness of the Hispanic monarchy, even in times of crisis and conflict. Propaganda was spread through the networks that linked far-flung provinces together, from European and Atlantic trading routes to religious and even academic circles. In spite of censorship and attempts to control information across war-torn regions of Spain, many printing presses functioned at the margins of legality and distributed potentially subversive materials. For example, champions of the Bourbon cause deliberately fabricated news of the death of Archduke Charles, published in an official-looking gazette in Seville. Strategies of dissimulation were pervasive, and networks of spies worked assiduously to gather intelligence. The importance of overseas opinion was not underestimated, as clerics from Catalonia and Valencia, areas of strong support for Charles, were prohibited from travel to the Indies by 1706. Documents indicate that Philip worried particularly about the effects of religious propaganda on the indigenous peoples of America. Smuggling became increasingly fraught, as ships from ports not authorized to engage in transatlantic commerce might be carrying seditious letters to Spanish America. Ensconced in Curacao, the Dutch circulated periodicals along the coast of Venezuela that may have induced the city of Caracas to embrace the cause of the Habsburgs in 1702. Agitators in English Jamaica likewise attempted to sway officials in the Spanish Antilles to the Austrian side. For the most part, however, America remained an outpost of almost unanimous support for Philip during the course of hostilities.The Church served as a crucial conduit for selling the claims of competing factions to the populace. Even the Papacy weighed in on the subject, initially supporting Philip prior to recognizing Charles in 1709. …

Cine de choque: Image culture, the absence of the patriarch and violence in Alejandro Amenábar's Abre los ojos (1997)

This article proposes that Alejandro Amenábar's Abre los ojos (1997) is an example of what I term cine de choque, a specifically Hispanophone category of film in which the word choque – translatable as 'crash', 'shock' or 'clash' in English – informs both theme and aesthetics. In this particular example of cine de choque, an aesthetic is created on the basis of a structure in which lulls are almost as important as the film's crash, shocks and clashes. The film's lull–choque–lull aesthetic, I argue, emphasizes the allure of image and false explanations in the life of the protagonist César. This allure is partly explained by the absence of authoritative, patriarchal figures: both his parents are dead and the older male figures which compete for his attention prove to be unreliable. The resulting evocation of a culturally and historically orphaned youth culture in Spain helps to contextualize the film's acts of violence.

Eric C. Graf, Cervantes and Modernity: Four Essays on Don QuijoteCervantes and Modernity: Four Essays on Don Quijote. Eric C. Graf . Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell University Press, 2007. Pp. 222.

<i>Eric C. Graf,</i> Cervantes and Modernity: Four Essays on <i>Don Quijote</i><i>Cervantes and Modernity: Four Essays on <i>Don Quijote</i></i>. Eric C. Graf . Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell University Press, 2007. Pp. 222.

The Collective Memories and Mediated Culture: How Audiences Interpret the Spanish Transition

This paper aims to analyze the connection between collective memory and mediated culture in Spain and how the media presents a particular social and political debate about the past. In particular, this analysis studies how different audiences, organized in a typology of eight ideal discussion groups, interpret the discourse of the media on the dictatorship and the political transition in Spain. Such groups, related to eight different audiences, are arranged by social context, generation and political participation.

Adaptation of the ABS-S:2 for Use in Spain With Children With Intellectual Disabilities

As there is a dearth of Spanish-language standardized scales that assess adaptive behavior in children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities (ID), the authors adapted one of the most widely used and studied scales of adaptive behavior in the U.S., the ABS-S:2 (Adaptive Behavior Scale-School, 2nd Edition), and validated it for use in Spain. The authors translated the ABS-S:2 into Castilian Spanish and tested the adaptation with a cohort of 207 school-age children in Burgos, Spain (n = 142 with ID; n = 65 without an ID) to assess the validity and reliability of the translated scale. The translated scale took into account both Spanish language usage and the culture of Spain. As part of their testing of the adapted scale, the authors found that the average scores for the adaptive behavior of children without an ID were higher than those of children with ID. Their findings also showed that the averages obtained in adaptive behavior by children without ID increased with their chronological age; among children with ID, these averages showed a discontinuity in progress. From these data, they concluded that the overall assessment of their adapted ABS-S:2 more than met the quality criteria for use in assessing children and would prove to be a reliable scale to use with Castilian Spanish-speaking children with ID.

Gli anniversari della Rivoluzione e della Repubblica in Spagna. I casi di Madrid e Barcellona

The long-term establishment of a symbolic, iconographic and ritual framework was essential for the development and maintenance of culture in Spain. The effects and diffusion of this framework were enacted in particular by the celebration of a whole series of commemorative acts of broad scope and varied themes. Thus certain Republican days were established, constructing a calendar which acted as an alternative to the Catholic calendar and the official one fixed by the monarchical regime, and which, beyond the simple purpose of any calendar, attempted to mark and modulate the annual activity of the various centres throughout Spanish territory. This essay attempts to analyse the long-term evolution of the forms and impact of these celebrations. The tensions and conflicts of the many Republican memories that had been elaborated can be ascertained through the comparison of the cases of Madrid and Barcelona, which presented as many shared elements as essential differences, with special regard to the nationalistic implications of the opposing ideologies. The essay focuses on the multiple conflicts and tensions within these symbolic and cultural constructions, which could not be limited to a single theme.

Preface: Proceedings of the Vth International Workshop on Biology and Culture of the Tench (Tinca tinca) (L. 1875), Ceresole d’Alba (Italy), September 29–October 3, 2008

• The Ist Workshop, 1994, Hluboka nad Vltavou, Czech Republic, was hosted by the Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology (convenors: Martin Flajshans and Roland Billard). Twenty three contributions were published in the Polish Archives of Hydrobiology 1995, 42(1–2), 5–225. • The IIth Workshop, 1997, Badajoz, Spain, was hosted by the Council of Environment, Urban Development and Turism, Junta de Extremadura (convenor: Juan Jose Perez Regadera y Perez). Twenty one contributions were published in the Polish Archives of Hydrobiology 1998, 45(3), 285–464. In addition, a Spanish language edition of these proceedings was published to promote tench culture in Spain and Ibero-American countries: 1999. II Reunion Internacional sobre Biologia y Cultivo de la Tenca, Polish Archives of Hydrobiology. Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentacion, Madrid, 190 pp. (translation: Jose Martin Gallardo). • The IIIth Workshop, 2000, Machern, Germany, was hosted by the Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (convenor: Klaus Kohlmann). Fourteen contributions were published in the Journal of Applied Ichthyology 2003, 19(3), 129–181. • The IVth Workshop, 2004, Wierzba, Poland, was hosted by the Stanislaw Sakowicz Inland Fisheries Institute in Olsztyn (convenor: Jacek Wolnicki). Nineteenth contributions were published in the Aquaculture International 2006, 14, 1–218. • The Vth Workshop, 2008, was held in Ceresole d’Alba (Cuneo), in the environs of Torino, Italy. It was hosted by the Department of Animal Science of the University of Torino with the precious contribution of the Associazione Amici della Tinca di Ceresole d’Alba (convenor: Laura Gasco). Thirty eight manuscripts were submitted, of which the most relevant ones were selected through a conventional peer-review process, to be published in the present issue of the Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries.

Método para la evaluación de la confusión en la unidad de cuidados intensivos para el diagnóstico de delírium: adaptación cultural y validación de la versión en idioma español

To adapt the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) for the diagnosis of delirium to the language and culture of Spain and to validate the adapted version. Population validation. Intensive care units in a 600-bed university hospital. We studied 29 critical patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. Mean age was 70 years (range 58-77 years), mean APACHE II score 16 (range 13-21), and mean SOFA score 7 (range 4-8). Two independent operators applied the Spanish version of the CAM-ICU and a psychiatrist applied the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition-Revised (DSM IV TR). Concordance (kappa index), internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha), and validity (sensitivity and specificity) of the Spanish version of the CAM-ICU were compared to the DSM IV TR, which is considered the current gold standard. The translation and cultural adaptation was carried out in accordance with current international guidelines. A total of 65 assessments were performed in 29 patients. The interobserver concordance was high: kappa statistic 0.91 (95% CI: 0.86-0.96). The internal consistence was adequate: Cronbach's alpha=0.84 (unilateral 95% CI: 0.77). For observer A (a physician), the sensitivity of the Spanish version of the CAM-ICU was 80% and the specificity was 96%. For observer B, (a nurse) the sensitivity was 83% and the specificity was 96%. The Spanish version of the CAM-ICU is a valid, reliable, and reproducible instrument that can be satisfactorily applied to diagnose delirium in Spanish-speaking ICU patients.

Modernist Liquidity Meets Liquid Modernity: From the Occult Stories of Leopoldo Lugones to the Fluidity of Modern Urban Life

Research Article| September 01 2009 Modernist Liquidity Meets Liquid Modernity: From the Occult Stories of Leopoldo Lugones to the Fluidity of Modern Urban Life Benjamin Fraser Benjamin Fraser Christopher Newport University benjamin.fraser@cnu.edu Benjamin Fraser is assistant professor of Spanish at Christopher Newport University in Virginia, and is the author of over two dozen published and forthcoming articles in the fields of Hispanic cultural studies and cultural geography. He is also the author of Encounters with Bergson(ism) in Spain (University of North Carolina [Studies in the Romance Languages and Literatures], forthcoming) and the editor and translator of Deaf History and Culture in Spain (Gallaudet University Press, forthcoming). Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google English Language Notes (2009) 47 (2): 85–94. https://doi.org/10.1215/00138282-47.2.85 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Benjamin Fraser; Modernist Liquidity Meets Liquid Modernity: From the Occult Stories of Leopoldo Lugones to the Fluidity of Modern Urban Life. English Language Notes 1 September 2009; 47 (2): 85–94. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/00138282-47.2.85 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsEnglish Language Notes Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright © 2009 Regents of the University of Colorado2009 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

The Development of Evaluation Culture in Spain: A Historical Approach Based on the Biographical Method

The Development of Evaluation Culture in Spain: A Historical Approach Based on the Biographical Method

Theatrical reform and the emergence of mass culture in Spain

The early twentieth century in Spain saw a series of initiatives designed to reform the institutions of the theatre (and musical theatre in particular), prompted by the desire to regenerate politics and society following defeat in the Spanish-American War. This desire for regeneration had an unintended effect: while regeneration was supposed to make Spanish institutions more responsive to the populace, theatre shifted away from its traditional position in Spanish popular culture and became an elite institution; this in turn made room for new forms of popular culture such as cinema, cabaret and sporting events to flourish. Government-mandated reforms tended to alienate popular audiences by not taking their demands into account. Formalized copyright control only protected elite, conservatory-trained theatrical composers and not artists working in popular entertainment. Ironically, these reforms – designed to save Spanish theatre from a decline into frivolity and meaninglessness – ended up marginalizing the theatre and legitimizing popular entertainment.

Explorations of visual culture in Spain and Mexico

Explorations of visual culture in Spain and Mexico

Explorations of visual culture in Spain and Mexico

Explorations of visual culture in Spain and Mexico

Deaf Cultural Production in Twentieth-Century Madrid

This article chronicles the recent processes of identity formation among deaf people in Spain, both analyzing Spanish-language poetry published in the journal Faro del Silencio and outlining new directions for research on Deaf culture in Spain in terms of film, theater, visual poetry. It draws attention to the significant connections between the Spanish and American contexts in both the development of deaf history itself and the subsequent theoretical support for Deaf identity in its cultural and linguistic aspects. This essay suggests that the question of a cultural Deaf identity in Spain, and Deaf identities elsewhere, can never be an easy one. The discussion advances the notion that further analyses of Deaf culture and literature in Spain will aid in this process to promote the formation of an inclusive even contradictory identity.

Gender and academic career trajectories in Spain

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to illuminate the processes that give rise to gendered career pathways in Spanish academia, tracing how individuals might move from academic “passion” to academic “consecration” in a setting in which both visible and veiled discrimination persist. By examining academics' testimony, the paper aims to explore the production and reproduction of complex dynamics of power and gender inequalities through informal processes.Design/methodology/approachQualitative study, drawing on semi‐structured interviews with 33 academics (16 female and 17 male) working in academic departments of psychology (17) and engineering (16) in three Madrid universities.FindingsAlthough the percentage of professors in Spanish universities who are female is relatively high, compared to many European countries, this quantitative feminization does not appear to be associated with clear institutionalization of formal gender equality policies or the elimination of tacit discriminatory practices. Despite recent measures to reform the recruitment patterns in Spanish universities towards a more meritocratic model, the tradition of asistema endogámico(an “inbreeding” system) persists, under which appointments are frequently made on the basis of internal (departmental) networks. This was found to operate to the disadvantage of women in both disciplines studied.Originality/valueDespite the limitations inherent in a small‐scale study, this paper is likely to help not only to increase awareness of gender bias, but also to contribute to the reevaluation of the current university culture in Spain which, through its ostensibly gender‐neutral recruitment practices rooted in internal networks, constrains women's career opportunities.

The Potential Role of Standards and Guidelines in the Development of an Evaluation Culture in Spain

This article discusses the potential role that the creation of evaluation standards or guidelines can play in developing an evaluation culture in Spain. Rather than focus on the ethical function of these standards or guidelines, this article discusses how the process of creating such codes, whenever this process is participatory and based on real evaluation practice, can help the academic and professional consolidation and institutionalization of the evaluation function. First, the different types of existing standards are discussed. Second, the general functions that they can play are elaborated, presenting the potential benefits of creating evaluation standards in Spain and highlighting key issues. In this regard, two important factors are identified: the participation of evaluation stakeholders in the standards elaboration process, and the need for meta-evaluations or systematic studies on actual evaluation practice.

NOVELAS PARA LEER Y CANTAR: LA PARTITURA COMO RECURSO PARATEXTUAL EN ADELAIDA O EL SUICIDIO DE JOAQUÍN DEL CASTILLO

This essay analyzes Castillo y Mayone’s musical novel Adelaida o el suicidio (Adelaide or The Suicide) from the perspective of the history of the book and print culture in Spain in the 1830s. Its aim is to breach the gap between the world of the text (visual, discursive, and musical elements) and the world of the reader (social practices of readers and hearers) by reconstructing the process of the actualization of texts in its historical and sociological dimension.

Examining the role of language attitudes and motivation on the sociocultural adjustment and the job performance of sojourners in Spain

This research examines the interrelationships of a number of variables relevant to the functioning of individuals making cross-cultural transitions, and the relationship of these variables to indices of sociocultural adaptation and job performance. The study examined 127 British university students who worked as English instructors for a short-term intensive English as a foreign language program, known as Enjoy English, which takes place in Spain. The British instructors were assessed initially during the training period and again at the end of their 4-week teaching assignment. The instructors completed a personal profile on their demographic characteristics, along with a questionnaire composed of measures assessing various affective attributes related to the language and culture of Spain, reasons for accepting employment in Spain, contact with Spanish speakers, job-related attitudes, perceptions regarding differences between the cultures of Spain and Britain, and sociocultural adaptation. At the end of the program the supervisors, who are Spanish teachers of English ( n=49), were asked to assess the British instructors on measures of job performance (i.e., teacher effectiveness). The results provide evidence suggesting that previous experiences with the culture and communicative competence can facilitate the successful sociocultural adaptation of sojourners to foreign cultural environments, but that this is not necessarily indicative of effective job performance. These results revealed a number of important relationships relevant for individuals who are employed abroad as foreign language instructors, for others planning to travel abroad and take up temporary employment and/or those faced with the task of training and selecting potential employees.