Cultural Movement Research Articles

The Repositioning of Campus as a Cultural Movements Engine in the Eradication of Corruption

At the theoretical and historical level, the campus has always been a symbol of resistance to all forms of deviation, without exception for efforts to fight corruption as an extraordinary crime. Morally, the campus has an enormous responsibility to ensure and guarantee that Mother Earth is free from all corrupt practices. Even so, the campus is not a sterile area for corrupt practices. This study used a qualitative research method with a statutory approach. The results of the study state that corruption has penetrated into the joints of the life of the academic community, which should actually play a role as a locomotive in eradicating corruption. Recognizing that the corruption virus has spread among the academic community, it is urgent to reposition the role of the campus in the fight against corruption. Repositioning the role of the campus can be started from (i) aspects of the tri dharma of higher education, (ii) administrative aspects, and (iii) exemplary aspects. Repositioning the role of the campus should be done considering that the campus with the characteristics of its value-oriented academic community is believed to be the best place to teach and instill anti-corruption values as an ongoing cultural movement. The cultural movement has made the campus a laboratory for the process of institutionalizing anti-corruption values, principles, and morality. In the long term, this movement will become a culture that can free the nation's leading cadres from corrupt behavior and mentality.

Hanga and Manga

In this paper, I will discuss the Popular Woodcut Movement that emerged in Japan following its defeat in 1945 and continued during and after the Occupation period by General Headquarters. Popular woodblock printing was developed during the Chinese Revolution in 1949 and raised issues such as the relationship between the Enlightenment and socialists’ fine arts movement (puroretaria bijutsu undo, literally “proletarian fine arts movement”) or the Communist Party and popular club activities movements around then. The second part will turn to Nakazawa Keiji’s Hadashi no Gen, also known as Barefoot Gen: Life After a Bomb, A Cartoon Story of Hiroshima published in 1972. Nakawaza Keiji and Hadashi no Gen have some connections to the Popular Woodblock Printing Movement. He is a successor of the proletarian cultural/fine arts movement before and during wartime, accepting the legacy of the generation of his father, who also was a painter and artist. Barefoot Gen united the bodily practice of atomic bomb victims who suffered horrible disfigurations, with the personal/public struggles, and the idea of personal vengeance and socio-ethical justice. In addition, its visual-narrative structure subverts the Kant-Heideggerian epistemological hierarchy that presupposes a developmental progress from a lower to a higher level. This epistemological hierarchy is a power structure that has been problematized by feminist discourse because of re-producing an unequal distribution of knowledge. Thus, Barefoot Gen is an epistemological and aesthetic achievement essential for subaltern hegemony. The postwar popular woodcut movement had a common aim with Barefoot Gen to resolve the unequal distribution of knowledge, sharing a legacy of modern visual movements as an incomplete visual-aesthetic revolution. This paper claims that the postwar woodcut movement and Nakazawa Keiji’s manga were successors of the socialist/communist cultural movement during the prewar time and they wrestle with the debates within the fine arts circles of the times.

Science and Art in The Creation of Adam

The Renaissance was an intellectual and cultural movement that took place in Europe from the mid-14th century to the 16th century, and profoundly influenced European intellectual life in the early modern period. Beginning in Italy and spreading to the rest of Europe in the 16th century, its influence is reflected in art, architecture, philosophy, literature, music, anatomy, etc. The Creation of Adam is one of the important works of this period. Michelangelo's rigorous judgment of the body on the basis of anatomy, coupled with the use of clairvoyance skills, paints a unique human beauty with a sense of power. Renaissance scholars adopted a humanistic approach in their studies and looked for realism and human emotions in art. Based on The Creation of Adam, this article provides a case study and literature analysis of the connection between art and science, especially the embodiment of anatomy in The Creation of Adam. This article offers contemporary historians and artists some thoughts on the visual language of science, including how to understand science as a craft or even as an art, understand which works are both scientific and artistic, and how to develop a new visual language for science.

La concretezza come procedimento. Contributo per una storia di Memorial

The present article offers a brief history of the Russian non-governmental organisation Memorial, a recent winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, from its origins in the 1980s to the present day. It also proposes an attempt to create a bibliography which could be used for a larger monographic volume, a more detailed work capable of going into more detail about the founding instances of the most important cultural movement of resistance in Russian and post-Soviet society. The nearly simultaneous invasion of Ukraine and the banning of Memorial make the publication of such a work urgent. It would not only outline the organisation’s development but also become a manifesto of concrete common action for a new Europe arising at the end of the conflict, which could thrive on the shared themes of historical memory and the defense of civil rights

Black Dancers and White Ballet: Case of Cuba

Throughout the XX century, the hard-fought battle of blacks and dark-skinned dancers to perform the classical repertoire on professional stages (including “white ballets”) was a part of the struggle for citizens’ equality. Cuba is a clear example of creating a national ballet school in a country where the fight for social equality was closely connected with overcoming racial segregation. But some researchers have noted that the majority of dancers in the Ballet Nacional de Cuba belong to the Caucasoid phenotype, which means they do not represent the Cuban nation which includes a large variety of phenotypes. We pose the question in what way is the history of Cuban ballet and the artistic experience of its founders connected with the struggle of blacks to have professional dancing careers, and is there actually racial discrimination in Cuban ballet? We demonstrate that the Alonso triumvirate was a good indicator of the problem: Alicia and Fernando as performers, and Alberto Alonso as a choreographer, participated in a cultural movement directed at the rebirth of Cuban identity, they performed African American dances, and they worked together with George Balanchine, who adapted black dance and invited black dancers into his company. However, due to various reasons and circumstances, Alicia Alonso, first for herself and then for the Nacional ballet school and theatre, took a different path, that of entering, on equal footing, the domain of classical ballet, of European art in its essence, in which the white aesthetic is inherent. We would like to demonstrate that the main explanation of the paradox of Cuban ballet became the aesthetic dictatorship of the classics, the dictatorship within “white ballet” which is accepted voluntarily. Classical ballet is an art of subordination to rules and images that are thought of as absolute pinnacles.

Analysis of Lin Huiyin's Classical Singing in Little Theatre Opera Farewell to Cambridge

Small theatre opera originated from the west, is a new style of opera with the characteristics of The Times, this novel form of artistic expression was introduced into China, in the art world in the end of 2001, playwright Chen Wei created and adapted the "Farewell to Cambridge", is the first small theatre opera to be performed in China. The work takes the May 4th New Culture Movement as the background, showing the struggle of Lin Huiyin, Xu Zhimo and other talents and beauties in ideal and reality, reason and emotion. This paper takes "A Peach Blossom" and "Flying Up by Day" in "Farewell to Cambridge" as the research object, and conducts in-depth research and analysis on the background of the creation of the work, Lin Huiyin's character image building and singing skills of the verse. I hope to improve my understanding and performance ability of this character through theoretical research and singing practice, and apply it in the study and research of future works.

Agrotopias: An American Literary History of Sustainability. By Abby L. Goode

Parthenogenesis. Agrotopian vision. Gothic fertility. Abby L. Goode transposes these terms into a new context in Agrotopias: An American Literary History, using them to explore sustainability rhetoric from the Revolution era to the early twentieth-century and giving an alternate, historical valence to them along the way. A strength of this book’s method is that it combines these fertility and environmental ideas within the framework of larger cultural movements, including the nineteenth-century phrenology movement, which saw bodily forms as being biologically predetermining, and the twentieth-century Country Life movement, which called for a return to rural farmsteads. Goode’s book is firmly entrenched in nineteenth-century American culture, though the origin thesis she establishes harkens back to Thomas Jefferson and his eighteenth-century agrarian vision. Two features of Agrotopias are especially unique: Goode’s critique of seemingly innocent environmental rhetoric, in particular Jeffersonian agrarianism, through the ages; and her use of little-read, but important, nineteenth-century source material. For the former, she finds instances of writing in which environmental sustainability rhetoric appears nearly side-by-side with nationalist eugenics. Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s 1915 Herland, for instance, balances “a careful cultivation [of] nearly every account of agriculture” in this imaginary land with “eugenic-conservationist notions of racial and environmental regeneration and maintenance” (169). Agrotopias also highlights the striking ways that organizations such as the Sierra Club or even personages such as Michelle Obama, in writing about the White House Kitchen Garden, deploy disturbing, if latent, nation-building and reproductive language in tandem with “back to the soil” environmental rhetoric (2, 190). The cultural movements referenced, and literary works included in each chapter, are rich and unorthodox, ranging from New York newspapers in the 1840s (Albany Freeholder and Young America) to the Texas-based Colored Farmers’ National Alliance in the 1880s and 1890s (109). Goode also finds lesser-known, but important, works by Whitman (a 1928 farming tract, “The Eighteenth Presidency!”), Gilman (a 1909 editorial in Good Housekeeping), and others to complement her thesis regarding sustainability rhetoric and its pernicious coupling with eugenics.

Beyond the Critical Review: Examining Wu Mi’s “A Response to the New Culture Movement”

The writings of Wu Mi (吳宓) and other scholars of the Critical Review (Xueheng) group can be considered within the context of both their journal and beyond. In 1922, Wu Mi wrote an essay outside of Critical Review, entitled “A Response to the New Culture Movement.” Most people only know of the essay through Lu Xun’s 魯迅 criticism of it in “A Doctrine of Inclusiveness.” Because Wu Mi’s reputation has been overshadowed by Lu Xun’s prominence, the essay itself is actually relatively unknown. This article analyzes and discusses the impact of “A Response to the New Culture Movement” beyond Lu Xun’s reaction to it. Wu Mi’s understanding of the New Culture Movement as exhibited in the article, as well as the untimeliness of its publication, helps us understand Wu Mi and the Critical Review group through a wider lens.

“New Humanist” Confucianism: A study of Mei Guangdi of the Xueheng group

Amidst the intellectual tides of the May Fourth Movement, Mei Guangdi (梅光迪, 1890–1945) believed that a “truly modern person” was someone who could maintain their intellectual independence and Confucian flexibility under immense cultural pressure. Because of this, Mei Guangdi took the advice of his mentor Irving Babbitt and supported the study and interpretation of the modernity within core Confucian philosophies to promote the Chinese national essence and absorb new knowledge. Mei Guangdi’s theoretical framework for “New Confucianism” included “exploring Europe’s cultural roots and its reasons for growth” rather than “ridiculously abandoning two thousand years of Chinese history.” With the aid of “folk literature,” he outlined a basic framework of modern cultural transition for “New Confucianism” and a “New Confucian Culture Movement.” In terms of core principles, Mei Guangdi emphasized the “eternal value of Confucianism” while offering new modern interpretations of “ritual.” The transformation of the “New Confucianism Movement” could be seen in how the concept of “gentleman” (junzi) affected societal transformation. More concretely, it influenced how new intellectuals understood citizenship, the responsibilities and roles of scholars, and the development of Confucianism. This article examines how Mei Guangdi used a holistic approach to Confucianism to create proposals for China’s modern cultural transition.

THE MANIFESTATION OF POSTMODERN TRADITIONS IN THE WORK OF DAVID MITCHELL

Postmodernism is a cultural movement that began to take shape in the second half of the 20th century and is characterized by the rejection of generally accepted ideas and standards. The work of David Mitchell, a British writer and screenwriter, has pronounced postmodern features. In this paper, we will consider what traditions of postmodernism are manifested in his works.

"Vesy" magazine as an indicator of the maturity of Russian Symbolism

“Vesy” magazine has become an extremely important milestone on the path of self–knowledge of Russian symbolism - its pages have captured the final design of the main principles and methods of this literary and cultural movement. However, the cultural discourse on the pages of the magazine, despite popular belief, was not homogeneous and static. Having marked the strengthening of symbolism as an important phenomenon in art and public life, “Vesy” magazine at the same time became a platform for discussions about the crisis of symbolism that was brewing at the beginning of the XX century, reflecting completely different stages of the development of this trend. The subject of this research is the journalistic materials published on the pages of “Vesy”, the object of the work was the evolution of the ideas of symbolism reflected in selected materials. With the help of discourse analysis, it became possible to study the most important stages of the development of symbolist discourse, which is the purpose of this work. The analysis of the journalistic materials of the magazine showed that “Vesy” failed to remain within its original ideological and aesthetic positions: contrary to traditional ideas, symbolism sought to live its own time, and during the period of social upheaval, its ideas were certainly developed. The results obtained can contribute to the theoretical knowledge about the symbolist journalism, “Vesy” magazine, as well as the evolution of the ideas of symbolism.

Where Have All the Guixiu Gone? Chinese “Women of Talent” at the Turn of the Twentieth Century

Guixiu 閨秀 (cultivated gentlewomen of the inner chambers) and cainü 才女 (women of talent) arguably became authorly identities (referring to women writing in classical verse) as women's literary culture took shape in Ming-Qing China. However, the guixiu and cainü were gradually eclipsed by their rising “modern” sisters, xin nüxing 新女性 (new women) and nü zuojia 女作家 (women writers), during the late-Qing reform (1890s) and the early-Republican New Culture movement (1910s–1920s). This study provides a historical investigation into two cases of the literary practice of men and women who carried the legacy of their Ming-Qing predecessors into the Republican era: Wang Wenru 王文濡 (1867–1935) and his Xiangyan zazhi 香艷雜誌 (Xiangyan Magazine, 1914–1916) and Gu Xianrong 顧憲融 (1901–1955), who published the Hongfan jingshe nü dizi ji 紅梵精舍女弟子集 (Collection of Female Disciples from the Abode of Red Brahman, 1928). They reveal the persistence of guixiu culture in a diversified and transformed world of literary production and consumption from the 1910s to the 1920s.

Repensando a Escola de Salamanca

This collective review analyzes four significant recent books about the second Spanish scholasticism and, more specifically, the School of Salamanca. The author argues that the School of Salamanca still sheds light on current issues, such as human rights, the equality of all human beings, the autonomy of civil power, the existence of a global human community, and the need for understanding between peoples. However, current scholarly interest in the School of Salamanca could benefit from greater international coordination among the various initiatives. Work should continue to overcome specific cultural barriers among scholars, especially language barriers, and to integrate the diverse perspectives from which to approach this cultural movement. The School of Salamanca should be analyzed holistically, first as a part of a more significant movement called scholasticism, which promotes a specific method of study, and second, as an autonomous whole that arose in Salamanca. To exclude any possible approaches, as some of the works reviewed here suggest, means to put up barriers to knowledge rather than to achieve intellectual accuracy. The unity of reality demands unity in knowledge.

The Movement of Postcolonialism by Kiai Sholeh Darat Against the Dutch Colonialism (Study of Social-Religious Decolonization in Java 19th and 20th Century)

This study discusses the postcolonial movement of Kyai Sholeh Darat in fighting Dutch colonialism at the end of the 19-20 centuries. This study is interesting because so far there has been a physical resistance movement against colonial figures. This study finds Kyai Sholeh's postcolonial movement through his cultural approach. Methodologically, this research is included in the library research category to produce historical research studies based on postcolonial movements carried out by Kiai Sholeh Darat. From this it was found that the movement culture of Kiai Sholeh Darat in post-Java War 19th and early 20th century Java seen as a postcolonial spirit and identity, with evidence showing a tendency towards a series of domination colonial regime in various lines of life of the Javanese people. cultural movement Kiai Sholeh Darat reflects the identity of the postcolonial movement through movement literacy which is manifested by publishing writings in the pegon script and translating the Qur’an into Javanese as a form of resistanceagainst the colonial project that seeks to separate Java from Islam. Kyai Sholeh also carry out kyai regeneration as a form of forming religious cadres and nationalist and conducts education for the Javanese people with da'wa from village or city in Java.

On the Journey Through Ukraine: Representations of the Holocaust in Friedrich Gorenstein’s Traveling Companions

Abstract For about three decades now, there has been an ongoing shift towards Geocritical literary analysis so that reading literature historically is now often supplemented by reading literature geographically, foregrounding the most significant political and natural features of the landscape (borders; big cities; shtetlach; mountains; valleys; rivers; forests), as well as the “mindset” of the population and the major historical events associated with them. Friedrich Gorenstein’s novel Traveling Companions (1989) is devoted most explicitly and holistically to the Holocaust in Ukraine and the dynamics of its spatial representation. Gorenstein also writes in a palimpsest mode: he simultaneously works with multiple layers of memory, not all of it his own, inscribed onto particularly Jewish spaces imbued with dense layers of historical events, ideational developments, and living experiences. The concepts of literary territoriality and the treatment of place, space, flow, and movement in literature and culture, including the interplay between the geographies of the ‘real’ and the geographies of the ‘imaginary’ are critical for the understanding of temporal-spatial displacements employed by Gorenstein as he attempts to reconstruct and interpret the textual map of the Holocaust in Ukraine. Gorenstein’s writing grapples with the complex relationship between the geographical space of Ukraine and the memory of the Holocaust and exposes his readers to the permutations of Jewish history and geography while focusing on the concepts of uprootedness, homelessness, and alienation as well as mass murder and irredeemable evil.

"I Decked Myself Out in Pink"

"I Decked Myself Out in Pink"

Black and African American

The terms Black and African American are the products of twentieth-century political and cultural movements that struggled to find terms to define, unite, celebrate, and recognize the heritage and identity of people of African descent in the United States. Today, African American typically refers to the ethnicity, nationality, and culture of Black people residing in or born in the United States. Black typically refers to a racial category and an elastic cultural, ethnic, and, arguably, political identity that is not defined by nationality or geopolitical boundaries. These two terms are only the most recent articulations of a long tradition of collective self-identification that began during the earliest days of slavery and colonialism in the Americas. This essay examines the social and political shifts that engendered new ways of naming Black identity and the names and terminology intellectuals have used to describe people of African descent in the Americas in the past.

CLASSIFICATION AND TRANSCRIBING BOOKS IN MAKKAH AL-MOKARAMAH THROUGHOUT RELIGIOUS SEASONS IN THE NINTH AND TENTH HIJRI CENTURIES, CORRESPONDING TO THE FIFTEENTH AND SIXTEENTH GREGORIAN

Books classification in Makkah Al-Mokaramah was not confined to Meccan Scholars, but also a range of expats scholars from different countries and disciplines participated in such classification process, whereas they received considerable deal of calm and stability, and they were surrounded by thriving scientific atmosphere and an abundant economic prosperity. which enticed many expats scholars to tend towards classification of different books and thesis that enriched Mecca's cultural heritage and the Meccan Library, rather than their compositions they brought from their countries from which they moved, which contributed to accelerating Mecca's intellectual cultural movement. This research aims to introduce these authors, to clarify books and thesis titles they classified in Makkah, others they brought with them and others they transcribed in Makkah, and to demonstrate the significant roles of scribers in Makkah in terms of taking particular care of such books, copies of which moved from Makkah and spread throughout Islamic world

Disinterested and Critical: A Comparative Study of the Social Implications of Miu Fenglin and Matthew Arnolds Literary Thinking

According to previous scholarship, Chinas Xueheng literary school in the early 20th century is an antagonist to the then prevalent New Culture Movement as the former is claimed to insist on a conservation of traditional thoughts. Matthew Arnolds thinking is a major source of one representative figure of the Xueheng school, Miu Fenglin. A comparative analysis of the literary thinking of Matthew Arnold and Miu Fenglin suggests that both thinkers have actually shed light on how literature should be relevant to its time and transcend it with a pursuit of truth. With references to the thinkers respective social backgrounds, the paper contends that their literary thoughts offer critical perspectives into the societies. By bringing in the cases of Miu Fenglin and Matthew Arnold, the paper also intends to further the discussion of the role of literature in the society.

Cambiamento vegetale

In a present deteriorated by the anthropocentric illusion of domination over Nature, imagining the change of a landscape in a perspective of coevolution is part of a broader contemporary movement of scientific and social culture. The conditions and dynamics of a plain area belonging to the Ombrone stream in Pistoia are emblematic as a case study for the criticalities and risks they present. It is intuitive that the transformation of the area into an urban park can be an effective antidote to its current inability to respond to contemporary needs, but how such a process can be initiated and sustained is a question with many significant variables. This article proposes some research results relating to the design of the plant change of places as a possible cornerstone of a process of generating the park understood as a co-evolutionary response based on the properties of the landscape to which it belongs.