Children's Culture Research Articles

Usefulness of Peripheral Blood Cultures in Children With Cancer and Episodes of Fever and Neutropenia.

The collection of blood cultures (BC) is key for guiding antimicrobial therapy in children with febrile neutropenia (FN), more than 90% have central venous catheters (CVC). There is no consensus on the need for peripheral BC over central BC in this population. The aim of this study was to determine the contribution of peripheral BC over central BC in the diagnosis of bloodstream infections in children with FN. Descriptive, retrospective study, episodes of FN recorded prospectively in 6 hospitals in Santiago, Chile, from 2016 to 2021. Central and peripheral BC were drawn upon admission. All episodes with at least one (+) BC were allocated to one of these groups: consistent (+) BC, inconsistent (+) BC, only CVC (+) BC and only peripheral (+) BC. The volume of the samples was recorded. The analysis included 241 episodes of FN with at least one (+) BC. The median age was 7.2 years, 51% were female, 84% had hematological cancer and 98% had episodes of high-risk FN. Of a total of 241 episodes, 135 (56%) had consistent (+) BC, 13 (5%) had inconsistent (+) BC, 35 (15%) had only CVC (+) BC and 58 (24%) had only peripheral (+) BC. There were no significant differences in the volume of the samples between central and peripheral BC. The proportion of bloodstream infections detected only through peripheral BC was 24%, higher than previously reported, not due to sample volume. We recommend obtaining peripheral as well CVC BC in children with FN.

1694. Joint Fluid Cell Count of Septic Arthritis Patients Diagnosed with Positive Culture in Children

Abstract Background Septic arthritis is one of serious pediatric infections that could result motor comorbidities. Historically, joint fluid cell count of 50,000 and over cells/mm3 has been used for presumptive diagnosis of septic arthritis while awaiting for culture result. Our aim of study was to evaluate joint fluid cell count for diagnosis among septic arthritis patients confirmed with positive culture in children. Methods Patients with septic arthritis were included at Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center from March 2010 to March 2023. Septic arthritis was confirmed with positive joint fluid culture for a pathogenic organism. Patients with negative joint fluid culture and patients without joint fluid cell count were excluded. Electrical charts were retrospectively reviewed for demographic data, timing of arthrocentesis, culture result and joint fluid cell count. Results A total of 95 patients with septic arthritis were identified. After excluding patients with negative culture and without joint fluid cell count, 22 patients were included for our study. Median age was 5 (IQR: 2-10) years old. Girl ratio was 45%. The median joint fluid cell count was 19,575 (IQR: 6,806-47,388) cells/mm3. Patients with 50,000 and over cells/mm3 was 23%. The median time from onset to arthrocentesis was 3 (IQR: 2-5) days. The isolated organisms were methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (50%), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (9%) and Streptococcus pyogenes (27%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (5%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (5%) and Salmonella spp (5%). The infected joints were hip (59%), knee (23%), ankle (14%), elbow (5%) and shoulder (5%). One patient had hip and ankle arthritis. Nine patients were complicated with septic osteomyelitis. The Pearson correlation coefficient between days from onset of symptoms to puncture and the number of joint cells was 0.093 (p=0.681). (Figure 1) Conclusion Majority of patients with septic arthritis confirmed with joint fluid culture did not exceed joint fluid cell 50,000 cells/mm3. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Unpacking Taiwanese/Taiwanese American Culture in Children’s Picturebooks in the U.S.

Unpacking Taiwanese/Taiwanese American Culture in Children’s Picturebooks in the U.S.

Pedagogical problems of using National GamesofKazakhpeoplein the organization of educational work of Primary School students

The article highlights the great role of Kazakh national gamesof the Kazakh people’s lives. Games raised the mood, developed endurance, dexterity, strength. The content of the Kazakh National Games is huge; they are inextricably linked with folk art. It was here that many talented people were noticed and distinguished. The Kazakh National Games—the customs and traditions of the people. The article is devoted to the sociological analysis of the game as an element of the children's subculture. Despite the approaches to determining the concept of a children's subculture, its meaning and significance in the life of a child, scientists agree that one of the most important elements of a subculture is a game. The game is not entertainment for children. During the game, children learn to communicate with their peers, learn about the world around them, perceive the norms and rules of behavior in society in an accessible form. The article discusses the definition of the con-cepts of “children's subculture”and “children's culture”in foreign and domestic science and their correlation, considers theoretical studies of foreign scientists on the essence of children's culture; describes the types of games and their features; presents the results of the author's work. The author conducts research on this topic, and also draws conclusions aboutthe special influence of the game on the formation of the child's personality and offers parents recommendations on the play behavior of children. The article defines the essence of the game in the structure of the children's subculture

Analysis of the Visual Design of Children's Picture Books from the Perspective of Chinese Traditional Culture

In the five thousand years of vicissitudes of life, countless bright traditional culture was born in this land under our feet, affecting generation after generation of Chinese children, become the cornerstone of the continuation of Chinese civilization. The creators of Chinese children's picture books should assume their responsibilities and missions, actively explore how to interpret traditional culture in children's picture books, and contribute to the growth of children, the unity of the nation and the development of the country. In today's era when visual culture is widely used, the mainstream of children's picture books is to let traditional Chinese culture into children's lives, so that the teaching of picture books can realize the inheritance of Chinese culture. China has a long history and rich folk tales. These outstanding works represent the culture and wisdom of the Chinese nation. They are passed on continuously and have a strong cultural heritage. Nowadays, many picture books re-interpret and arrange these historical and folk stories through visual design, enriching children's reading content, cultivating children's Chinese culture literacy, and having a profound impact on their language expression ability, understanding ability, artistic appreciation ability and many other aspects. Based on this, this paper will analyze the visual design of children's picture books from the perspective of traditional culture to explain the general direction of the current children's picture books in the creation of traditional culture.

Tingkat Pemanfaatan Bahan Koleksi sebagai Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Informasi pada Anak di Rumah Literasi Ranggi Sumatera Utara

Reading books for children is very important for a child's growth and development, especially when entering a formal educational environment such as elementary school. This activity aims to explore the benefits of having a literacy house, especially to improve children's learning abilities. Using participatory rural appraisal methods or techniques and data collection techniques through interviews, observation, focus group discussions and literature review. The results of the study show that the Ranggi Literacy House at the PWI Complex, Percut Sei Tuan, Deli Serdang acts as a source of learning for children, especially underprivileged children, a place for character formation, and a source of information for parents. in child care, community recreation and training facilities, even facilities for mothers to express their talents. The results of the study indicate that the availability of children's literature in the mother and child library services is quite adequate. Judging from the suitability of literature for the age level and information needs of children, it is in accordance with the availability of 3D collections for children who cannot read, and the availability of fairy tales, comics, religious books, history books, and other textbooks. The use of children's literature at the Ranggi Literacy House is quite good. This is shown by the enthusiasm of users in reading literature and utilizing the available facilities. Obstacles faced by the Ranggi Literacy House in improving the reading culture of its users: they do not yet have an audio-visual collection, even though audio-visual collections can contribute to improving children's reading culture because in reality children tend to prefer using technology and prefer to see and hear. However, in fulfillment of this, the Ranggi Literacy House also often holds watching folklore or other stories together as a form of character education for children.
 Keywords: Reading garden, learning resources, educational-recreational information sources.

Tingkat Pemanfaatan Bahan Koleksi sebagai Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Informasi pada Anak di Rumah Literasi Ranggi Sumatera Utara

Reading books for children is very important for a child's growth and development, especially when entering a formal educational environment such as elementary school. This activity aims to explore the benefits of having a literacy house, especially to improve children's learning abilities. Using participatory rural appraisal methods or techniques and data collection techniques through interviews, observation, focus group discussions and literature review. The results of the study show that the Ranggi Literacy House at the PWI Complex, Percut Sei Tuan, Deli Serdang acts as a source of learning for children, especially underprivileged children, a place for character formation, and a source of information for parents. in child care, community recreation and training facilities, even facilities for mothers to express their talents. The results of the study indicate that the availability of children's literature in the mother and child library services is quite adequate. Judging from the suitability of literature for the age level and information needs of children, it is in accordance with the availability of 3D collections for children who cannot read, and the availability of fairy tales, comics, religious books, history books, and other textbooks. The use of children's literature at the Ranggi Literacy House is quite good. This is shown by the enthusiasm of users in reading literature and utilizing the available facilities. Obstacles faced by the Ranggi Literacy House in improving the reading culture of its users: they do not yet have an audio-visual collection, even though audio-visual collections can contribute to improving children's reading culture because in reality children tend to prefer using technology and prefer to see and hear. However, in fulfillment of this, the Ranggi Literacy House also often holds watching folklore or other stories together as a form of character education for children.
 Keywords: Reading garden, learning resources, educational-recreational information sources.

Monstrous Youth: Transgressing the Boundaries of Childhood in the United States by Sara Austin (review)

Reviewed by: Monstrous Youth: Transgressing the Boundaries of Childhood in the United States by Sara Austin Rhonda Brock-Servais (bio) Monstrous Youth: Transgressing the Boundaries of Childhood in the United States, by Sara Austin. The Ohio State UP, 2022. In a mere 150 pages of text, Sara Austin's book demonstrates how "the role of monster in children's culture, as objects of both fear and identification," has changed since the 1950s in the United States (1). The text includes an introduction, four chapters that proceed chronologically, and a conclusion. The author grounds her ideas in three texts: The Dark Fantastic: Race and the Imagination from Harry Potter to the Hunger Games by Ebony Elizabeth Thomas, Skin Shows: Gothic Horror and the Technology of Monsters by Jack Halberstam, and "Monster Culture (Seven Theses)" by Jeffrey Jerome Cohen. Much of the Introduction is spent introducing the ideas of these thinkers: "Monstrous Youth takes Halberstam's, Cohen's, and Thomas's claims about monstrous bodies and the cultural connections between monsters and children as a foundation for the role of monsters in children's culture, specifically the cultural role that monsters assume when standing for certain types of child or adolescent bodies" (4). Austin moves on to differentiating her own thinking by explaining how this book extends the thinking of others "by exploring how the monster as a figure in gothic and horror texts becomes a metaphor for identity and difference within children's culture" (11–12). She then lays out three points that will be shown in variations throughout the chapters that follow: "Monster texts are used to frighten children by policing borders of identity, to instruct children on the preferred embodiment of their historical moment, and to present opportunities for child autonomy by excluding adults from the marketing and consumption of certain texts" (4). The introduction further details the author's choices with regard to structure, as well as the primary argument for each chapter and the cultural products that will be under examination; these include books (both chapter and picture) as well as comics, games, films, and toys. Moving into the body of the text, the reader knows exactly what to expect. Each chapter has [End Page 233] a number of subheadings, usually focused on a close examination of a cultural artifact. Chapter 1 centers on teen experience in the 1950s, using the concept of Enfreakment, a process detailed by disability studies scholar Rosemarie Garland-Thomson: "Enfreakment works to separate the viewer from the exhibited, and to construct the viewer as a normal body through comparison [and] … is a necessary step in creating cultural as well as textual monsters" (19). The author expands the use of this term to include teen and child bodies that are othered or made threatening. The chapter uses EC Comics and American International Pictures (AIP) to demonstrate how fears of social change "led to adult attempts to suppress these materials in hope of preserving the status quo" (21). Ironically, this caused teens (and teen-centric narratives) to align themselves with the monster and created "one of the most potent symbols within youth culture" (21). The discussion of EC Comics foregrounds much that has already been said about the social panic of the 1950s and Fredric Wertham's The Seduction of the Innocent (1954) and just how much of the appeal of horror comics came from how completely adults reviled them. This section puts together the comics and Enfreakment as follows: "using enfreakment as a means to draw in teen readers may have worked because this group felt largely out of place in early 1950s society, and the comics assured them that, even if they were a distinct class from children and adults, they were not, in fact, monsters" (28). Austin then focuses on juvenile delinquency and argues that the adult fear that young readers would align themselves with the monster of the comics resulted in "the adoption of the monster as a symbol of agency and defiance in children's and young adult culture" (30). The great irony here is that by positioning adolescents "as either vulnerable or grotesque," adults helped to create circumstances where the monster came to be a symbol of adolescent...

Proposta formativa para profissionais da educação infantil: contribuições da terapia ocupacional validadas pela técnica Delphi

Abstract Currently, important gaps are identified in occupational therapy research that focus on the different concepts and objectives of Brazilian early childhood education. The objective of this research was to present the validation process of training workshops aimed at workers in early childhood education, through the consensus of specialists. Seven participatively elaborated workshops gave rise to the training framework and such information was presented in detail to the specialists in two rounds, according to the Delphi technique. Twenty-nine doctoral experts in early childhood education were invited, six of whom agreed to participate, with degrees in philosophy and literature, pedagogy and occupational therapy. A descriptive analysis of the responses was performed, based on the average of the results found. The workshops reached 95%-100% agreement. Some thematic enrichments were suggested, such as: school and preschool routine; neoliberalism and early childhood education; childhoods and their multiple determinations; the spontaneity of playing in early childhood education; children's culture and curriculum. The specialists also suggested dynamics and bibliographies for the workshops. Consensus denotes multidisciplinary theoretical-methodological consistency, which increases the complexity of the approach and the chances of generalization beyond the local interests of the institution that hosted this experience. The chart contains key themes, focused on current issues in early childhood education, which makes it possible for occupational therapists to use it in other contexts.

Trump and Children's Literature

Donald Trump has overlapped with children's culture since the early 1990s, yet since his presidency, his appearance has become ubiquitous in children's literature. To survey Trump's controversial presence throughout such literature is to witness the ways contemporary publishers grapple with American presidential history, indoctrination, politics, and even supply and demand.

INTERNALISASI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER MELALUI PROGRAM PEMBIASAAN MEMBACA ASMAUL HUSNA DI SEKOLAH DASAR

The depravity of the nation's children can be seen from the manners that are currently starting to fade, it can be observed from the way they talk to others, teachers, and even their parents, dirty sentences that should not be spoken often, dishonest nature, and good morals in people. a child who is hard to find. Therefore, of course, you must make an effort in handling and even control these events so that they do not become a child's culture. One effort that can be done is to familiarize children with good deeds. From these habits, it is hoped that the values ??of good character that are embedded in children will grow. This study aimed to determine the process of habituation and the value of the characters in the habit of reading Asmaul Husna at SD Negeri Umbul Kapuk. This research is research that uses a qualitative approach with case study research methods and the types of auxiliary instruments used are observation, interview sheets, and documentation. From the results of the analysis conducted by the researchers, the character building of students through the method of habituation of reading Asmaul Husna at SD Negeri Umbul Kapuk includes religious, love to read, responsibility, discipline, independence, friendly/communicative, social care, love peace, tolerance, and curiosity.
 Keywords: Character, Habituation, Student, Asmaul Husna, Elementary school

Monstrous Youth: Transgressing the Boundaries of Childhood in the United States by Sara Austin

Reviewed by: Monstrous Youth: Transgressing the Boundaries of Childhood in the United States by Sara Austin Joseph Michael Sommers (bio) Monstrous Youth: Transgressing the Boundaries of Childhood in the United States. By Sara Austin. Ohio State University Press, 2022. The literary construction of the monstrous child is a thing that, as a reader, frightens me. And while that may be the point, as a horror enthusiast and generally a devotee of that which goes bump in the night or stares at you from the corner of the bed while you sleep, it is somewhat ironic to admit that the concept and depiction of the young as a lurid thing of contempt and/or grisly detest honestly puts me off. I chalk it up to parenthood and the never-ending unknowns that define it. How wonderful then to find such a well-articulated, longitudinal discussion of the concept of the monstrous youth (from the mid-twentieth century until its end) in Sara Austin's Monstrous Youth: Transgressing the Boundaries of Childhood in the United States. A multi-modal and multi-medial exploration that spends as much time in a history classroom as it does a literature one, Austin's work nimbly moves about a myriad of topics and age ranges as she constructs an argument for such frightful things and why it scared us and why they might scare us differently today. Her project follows in the footsteps of Paula Fass and Michael Grossberg's work in Reinventing Childhood after WWII with her thesis being a simple, elegant extension of their account for the shifting of that cultural moment (5). She writes: I argue that direct marketing of monstrosity to teens as a potential identity began in the 1950s with comic books and drive-in horror films, and continues to evolve within American children's culture. Since teenagers are visibly similar to adults, teens of the 1950s were the first group to use monsters as a point of identification to gain agency. (4) Austin sees the 1950s as an inflection point for an exchange in values of teens and the adults who still possessed a degree of control over the orthodoxies of their youth en route to adulthood. The give and take between the two groups, the acquisition of and limitations upon the agency of either provide for a judiciously-considered explanation of the cause and effect. Chapters are devoted more or less decade to decade (the 1960s and 1970s are rightly collapsed together given what she finds to be a binding thematic of "racial anxiety" in the "racial coding" of picture books) in a manner that shows the causal effect of the response from the decade prior (52, 53). As Austin posits early on, both monsters and children are "floating signifiers" created to give [End Page 418] "physical form" to cultural fears (… but am I describing the monsters or the children?), and she wisely builds off the recent efforts of those such as Ebony Elizabeth Thomas adding further to her work by looking at how the literary monster "narrates difference within children's culture" (2, 4). One of the most generous aspects of Monstrous Youth comes in Austin's straightforward composition and generous explanation surrounding her project. Crafting possibly my favorite new literary term, "enfreakment" (18), to begin her rich discussion of the pulp and horror of EC Comics and their eventual legislative downfall in the 1950s, Austin illuminates a well-trod discussion in the comics community for young adult and children's scholars with a breviloquence that should become the standard in cultural studies discussions. This material is well-traveled in different discourse circles; however, this might be the first time I've read such a well-constructed history of comics such as The Vault of Horror (1950) and Tales from the Crypt (1950) in the context of children's and young adult scholarship, and it is entirely refreshing to see this material not only not elided over but given a replete treatment within the context of children's literary studies. As such, Austin provides one of the most complete treatments of all manner of material in children's and young adult literature from the spinner rack to, in...

Books Received

Books Received Mark I. West The Great Tales Never End: Essays in Memory of Christopher Tolkien. Edited by Richard Ovenden and Catherine McIlwaine. Bodleian Library Publishing, 2022. As J. R. R. Tolkien's son and literary executor, Christopher Tolkien completed and brought into print many of his father's unfinished manuscripts. The contributors to this collection examine Christopher Tolkien's work as an editor, scholar, and writer in his own right. The book also includes many photographs, drawings, and reproductions of manuscript pages. This collection should appeal to anyone who is interested in the field of Tolkien studies. Impermanent Blackness: The Making and Unmaking of Interracial Literary Culture in Modern America. By Korey Garibaldi. Princeton University Press, 2023. Korey Garibaldi, an American Studies professor at the University of Notre Dame, examines the history of interracial publishing in the United States from the 1910s to the 1960s. For readers interested in the history of African American children's literature, Garibaldi's third chapter, titled "Challenging Little Black Sambo," is especially pertinent. Perspectives on East and Southeast Asian Folktales. Edited by Allyssa Mc-Cabe and Minjeong Kim. Lexington Books, 2022. This volume is part of a series titled Studies in Folklore and Ethnology: Traditions, Practices, and Identities. The contributors to this volume examine folktales from Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Burma, China, Japan, and Korea. The essays are organized into the following sections: "Folkloristic Perspective," "Cultural Perspective," "Psychological Perspective," and "Educational Perspective." The three essays in the "Educational Perspective" section are especially relevant for readers interested in how these folktales relate to children's literature and culture. The Quentin Blake Book. By Jenny Uglow. Thames & Hudson, 2022. Jenny Uglow provides readers with a fully illustrated overview of Quentin Blake's career as an artist and illustrator of children's books. She focuses much of the book on Blake's relationships with the various authors with whom he collaborated, such as Roald Dahl, Russell Hoban, and John Yeoman. [End Page 417] Copyright © 2023 Children's Literature Association

Youth Poets in Children's Literature, Media, and Performance

Youth Poets in Children's Literature, Media, and Performance Krystal Howard (bio) Amanda Gorman, the first National Youth Poet Laureate and the youngest inaugural poet in US history, captivated millions during her performance at Joseph R. Biden's presidential inauguration in January of 2021. Her performance serves as a reminder that poetry by young people has the power to transform our national thinking and inspire social change. From award-winning works like Jacqueline Woodson's memoir in verse Brown Girl Dreaming and Elizabeth Acevedo's verse novel The Poet X that depict young poets coming of age and beginning to hone their craft, to the hundreds of young people who participate each year in youth slam poetry, children's literature and culture are filled with youth who choose poetry as their mode of expression. This special issue examines the relationships, both contemporary and historical, between youth and poetry. Exploring poetry written and performed by, for, or about youth, the articles featured in this issue present a wide range of young poets writing about social justice through topics including race, gender, immigration, and sexual assault. Whether discussing the poetics of freedom developed by young Black poets of the 1960s or the limiting nature of the discourse surrounding the DREAM Act as expressed by a young slam poet in 2012, the scholars included here treat the writing and performances of youth poets as valuable and worthwhile contributions deserving of close reading and critical analysis. This issue opens with Rachel Conrad's "'To take my freedom is to take my breath': Lillian Myricks and Young Black Poets' Poetics of Freedom," an examination of archival poetry written by two young Black poets from the early 1960s, Lillian Myricks and Wanda McGee. Works by both of these young poets from the same elementary school classroom were preserved in Gwendolyn Brooks's personal papers, emphasizing her advocacy and admiration for youth poetry. By looking closely at Myrick's "Freedom" and McGee's "We Are Wondering," Conrad contends that young poets writing in the wake of the Civil Rights [End Page 355] movement "demonstrate their capacity and power as creative and historical agents" and proclaim their poetics of freedom. While Conrad explores young poets of the past, Tehmina Pirzada examines the impact of a contemporary young poet in "The Many Malalas: Self-Narrativization and the Construction of Mythology through Poetry." She argues that Malala Yousafzai's auto/biographical poetic performances are central to her activism and encourage "other poets and artists to participate in the narrativization of Malala's story and, in the process, relate her struggle to their personal experiences." Pirzada explores both the way that Malala uses her poetic performances to construct her identity and her use of Pashtun mythology of powerful young women, as well as the way that other poets writing poems for Malala magnify her narrative and emphasize community. Amanda Fields's "The Tucson Youth Poetry Slam: An Analysis of Discourse by and about Youth Performance" continues Pirzada's discussion of poetic performance through her analysis of poetry written by and interviews conducted with young slam poets between 2011 and 2014 about "how the poets perceived the practice and significance of slam at a time of particularly regressive legislation in Arizona." In her interviews with and analysis of poetic performances of young slam participants, poetry is posited as a way to bring about social change, as well as a vehicle for asserting agency. Fields contends that, for these young poets participating in the Tucson Youth Poetry Slam, slam provides a gateway to growth and leadership. The final essay in this special issue, Amber Moore's "'They're all kinda dark …': Speak and Thirteen Reasons Why Fanfiction Poetry as Resistance to Rape Culture," examines poetry through participatory and intertextual fan writing. Moore's article analyzes fanfiction poetry written in response to Laurie Halse Anderson's Speak (1999) and Jay Asher's Thirteen Reasons Why (2007) and considers how poetry as a form allows fanfiction poets to process young adult narratives featuring sexual violence. Through her analysis of over forty fanfiction poems, Moore argues that "fanfiction poems demonstrate how largely adolescent authors create space" and demonstrate "meaningful poetic witnessing" as "resistance to rape culture...

Culture, religion, language and the assessment and management of children's pain by expatriate nurses in Saudi Arabia: A qualitative study.

Unrelieved pain among hospitalized children is a common problemthat affects all aspects of children's health and their quality of life. Cultural and language differences between nurses and patients have been shown to impact the quality and safety of nursing care and management for children with pain. The aim of this study was to identify the cultural factors, barriers, and facilitators impacting the assessment and management of children's pain by expatriate nurses in Saudi Arabia. A qualitative descriptive design was employed in this study. A sample of 16 nurses was conveniently recruited and interviewed through face-to-face semistructured interviews. Each interview lasted between 30 and 60 min and was audio-recorded. Content analysis was used to analyze the transcripts. Transcripts were carefully read, significant statements were highlighted, coded, categorized, and clustered thematically. Three main themes were identified, namely, (I) low priority of children's pain, (II) culture and religious challenges, and (III) communication challenges. Cultural and language differences described by expatriate nurses hindered their care of children with pain. A systematic education for expatriate nurses, children, and families is urgently needed to enhance inter/cross-cultural understandings and improve childcare in Saudi Arabia. This study identifies the unique challenges faced by expatriate nurses in Saudi Arabia. The findings reveal how a lack of knowledge about cultural values and beliefs can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts between nurses, children, and familiesand can have animpact on childcare and pain. It also highlights the need to improve pain management practices in multicultural healthcare settings, similar to those of Saudi Arabia and neighboring Arab nations, and across the globe.

Peran Home Library dalam Meningkatkan Literasi Anak (Studi Home Library Dosen di Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram)

The existence of a home library in every family provides easier and guaranteed access to information from information that isn’t needed, can grow and develop children's reading interest and culture from an early age, and develop positive brushes and develop children's skills through quality reading. In the context of the Covid 19 pandemic, home libraries are a good alternative in improving children's literacy. This study aims to determine the role of the home library in improving children's literacy (study at Muhammadiyah University of Mataram). The research method uses a qualitative approach. Sources of data obtained through primary sources (direct informants) and secondary sources (books or journals) related to the research. The data collection procedure was carried out by observation, interviews, and documentation. The collected data were analyzed and interpreted. The results showed that the home library plays a role in growing and improving children's literacy such as reading, writing and arithmetic literacy. children's character literacy such as discipline, honesty, responsibility, manners, mutual love, and respect for each other .The role of the home library, among others; first, the home library as a source of children's reading. Second, as a child's learning media. Third, as a place for children's recreation. Fourth, as a medium for children's cultural education. And fifth, as a medium for children's character education.

Research Related to Teaching Chinese Language and Culture in U.S. Classrooms: A Guide to Teaching Foreign Languages in U.S. Elementary and Secondary Schools

Language and Children: A Guide to Teaching Foreign Languages in American Elementary and Secondary Classrooms is a classic second language teaching series co-authored by two language educators, Helena Cotton and Carol Ann Dahlberg. The book reflects the latest advances in language classroom research and is the only comprehensive guide to foreign language classroom methods for K-12 and college students, using language learning objectives as the guiding principles for classroom rules and instruction. [Cheng Liang: "The Golden Key to Second Language Acquisition: A Review of the American Guide to Teaching Foreign Language in Elementary and Secondary Schools," Journal of Jiamusi Vocational College, 2019 (05)] Through careful reading, I have gained deeper thoughts and knowledge about various aspects of immersion teaching, teaching integration of language and culture, and teaching communication. Because I am very interested in "how to realize the organic integration of language and culture teaching in second language teaching classrooms," I focused on Chapter 9, "Experiencing Culture in the Classroom: Interaction of Language, Culture and Curriculum," and came up with a series of reflections, including insights into children's cultural teaching, academic associations, thoughts on overseas Chinese cultural I have a series of reflections, including insights on teaching children's culture, academic associations, thoughts on teaching Chinese culture overseas, and reflections on some of the contents of the book.

Contribution of School Theater to the fortification of the cultural Identity of the Moroccan child.

we seek to identify the contribution of school theater to the fortification of the cultural identity )citizenship values : Doing Your Best, Freedom, Honesty and Trustworthiness, Integrity, Respect, Responsibility...) of Moroccan children by studying the subject of globalization and monitoring its effects on cultural identity, as well as the profound effects that this phenomenon has in its various manifestations on cultural identity, because the cultural and identity dimension of globalization is one of the most dangerous dimensions of globalization, It means spreading the values, principles and norms of a culture and replacing it with other cultures, which means the disappearance of national values and cultures and their replacement by the values and cultures of the most advanced countries. This negatively affects the national cultural identity of our children, which has become threatened by globalization, which promotes its culture and patterns of behavior contrary to our Arab personality through different media, with the aim of stereotyping the behaviors and culture of recipient of the category of children in all societies and to submit them to the values and models of behavior that prevail in other cultures of modern societies, thus making it necessary for the Arab States in general and Morocco in particular to seek to activate the elements of national identity (language, religion, cultural heritage and common history...) and to strengthen them by using the most effective and efficient media. Above all art, from which we mention school theater as the most important means of children's culture because it brings together all the educational, cultural and artistic elements at the same time and because it is an art with which the child interacts and experiences his events directly. We tried to explore the depths of this subject by answering the following questions: -How was the school theater used to protect the cultural identity of the child in certain Western countries in the light of the effects and extensions of globalization? Have we benefited in Morocco from these experiences? KEY WORDS: SCHOOL THEATER, CHILD LITERATURE, TECHNOLOGICAL REVOLUTION, EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM, IDENTITY, VALUES.

Internship Program As Alternative Education Based on Fitrah in Forming Children's Independence

Internships have a correlation with children's independence. Independence is the process of trusting children to be responsible for themselves. Independence can be reflected in the way of thinking, acting and guiding the world of education today, where knowledge must be followed by skills so that children can grow and develop independently. This research explores further related to child internship programs that can form children's independence. This research approach uses qualitative methods, with three research subjects. Data analysis used qualitative descriptive. The results of the study indicate that the apprenticeship learning process is indicated to be able to strengthen the learning culture that has been obtained by the child. This refers to the responses of the three subjects who answered that the internship culture was in accordance with the child's learning culture. The cultural harmony received by the child will make it easier for the child to assess the usefulness of the educational process for the child. Overall, the apprenticeship learning process has changed the aspects of the educational value applied to children. The results of the parents' assessment of the children participating in the internship program are that the children feel comfortable and are not burdened with participating in the internship. So that the independence process is well formed through the internship program.

Researching Youth Subcultures: A Rights Based Approach

This article critically engages with the conceptualization of youth culture as a subculture, emphasizing the deficiencies of existing frameworks in addressing intersectionality. Highlighting the inadequacies of established categories such as adolescence and youth, the article proposes a novel perspective—contemporary children's culture. The author argues for an interdisciplinary, rights-based approach that places the child at the center, challenging traditional research paradigms and advocating for the active involvement of young people in the research process. The framework presented comprises three voices: institutional voices about children, institutional voices for children, and children's own voices. By looking into each, the article contributes to advancing research methodologies in the study of youth culture.