Culturalist Perspective Research Articles

Dinamika Politik Lokal ‘Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta’: Suatu Analisis dari Perspektif Kulturalis

This article will discuss the dynamics of local politics in the Special Region of Yogyakarta which is analyzed through a culturalist perspective. In this research, culturalist theory is used to analyze whether the granting of special autonomy to Yogyakarta will be able to produce a culture, politics and economy that is different from other regions (which are not given special regional autonomy). The research method used to analyze written problem formulations is a qualitative method with data analysis in the form of descriptive analysis. Data collection was carried out through literature studies, obtained from similar research in the form of journals, articles and online news to support research. The results of this research reveal that the dynamics of the 'Yogyakarta Special Region' through a culturalist perspective provide an explanation that culture gives rise to an influence on politics as a whole. In D. I. Yogyakarta, there is a long historical journey in fighting for their culture to be maintained to this day. Until the birth of Law Number 13 of 2012 concerning the Yogyakarta Special Region Law which grants special autonomy to the Yogyakarta Special Region to manage its own region. The recommendation of this research is the need for further research by future researchers regarding the special legislation of the Special Region of Yogyakarta from different perspectives or theories.

O galego como parte do sistema lingüístico cultural galego-português ou por que Fernando Venâncio non ten razón?

Between the Galician-Portuguese linguistic and cultural continuum there is a lot of institutional noise (Torres Feijó and Samartim, 2018) that needs to be silenced. The noise is understood here as a failure in communication caused by a set of obstacles between Galicia and Portugal, which block the fluidity of the relationship and even prevent it (cf. Quiroga, 2016). Or from a complementary perspective, Galician identity is always called into question in Portugal (García González, 2012; Pazos-Justo, 2016, p. 9). However, as Manuel María said: “If we look at a map of the Iberian Peninsula, we can see that Galicia is part of its Atlantic side. Galicia is, as we say, the head of Portugal” (María, 2010, p. 14). My key argument in this text is that the Galician language and culture are part of the Galician-Portuguese linguistic and cultural system, and I will develop this integrationist culturalist perspective from a critical and dialectical dialogue with Fernando Venâncio’s work entitled “Assim nasceu uma língua”.

Arti perfomative, rigenerazione urbana e nuove cittadinanze


 
 
 This paper is based on the experience gained in European funded research projects. Despite the different objectives pursued by each project, the thread that connects them is the relationship between the performing arts and urban regeneration, in order to emphasise the importance of directly involving the territory and its inhabitants in urban regeneration processes. The research that has matured in the field of territorial co-design at national and European level was based on the conviction that the ultimate goal of urban renewal is not exclusively the quality and safety of life. In fact, the processes of urban renewal, when viewed from the perspective of social and cultural innovation, produce a collective participatory experience capable of overcoming the dichotomy between the public and private dimensions, guiding processes of 'commoning' (Chatterton 2010) or the preservation of the 'common good', which here takes the form of the production of relational goods, of community constructions (Manzini 2021). The aim of this essay is therefore to develop, within the framework of sociology, a reflection on the impact and value of culture in the context of urban renewal processes. The proposal is thus to re-read urban renewal from a culturalist perspective. To this end, it is important to define what cultural sociology studies as a theoretical premise in order to understand how important social practises and cultural participation are in defining social imaginaries and in defining related life, such as housing, consuming, producing, just to name a few areas. Therefore, shifting urban renewal to a participatory key, here I mean citizen participation through artistic practise, allows us to question models of individual and collective well-being, also in terms of well-being, which I believe must be at the heart of urban planning and design processes, in order to recognise the multidimensionality inherent in renewal and open new multidisciplinary paths.
 
 

A culturalist perspective to Russian international posture in XXI century

Abstract This paper is aimed at proposing an analysis of the Russian geopolitical self-perception in the light of a “culturalist” approach. The paper uses Samuel Huntington’s “model of civilizations” as an interpretative prism, following a multidisciplinary approach which allows to epistemologically validate certain points of the Huntingtonian thesis, and to reject others. This approach does not invalidate the neo-realist theories of international relations regarding the Russian search for a relative increase of power through the use of material factors. If anything, the culturalist perspective must be placed side by side with the neo-realist one in order to better grasp some intangible elements, in particular the attention paid by Moscow to its (former) imperial dimension, the influence exercised by the autocratic tradition on Russia’s international posture, together with the role of geographic space, the ascendency of the Orthodox church, as well as Eurasianist cultural inclinations. Finally, through a critical analysis and a selective review of the academic literature on these issues (as well as of the political texts published by some of the most prominent Russian politicians and intellectuals), the paper aims to demonstrate the self-perceived originality of the Russian model and its difficulty in being placed within the Western political categories.

A LITERATURA AFRO-AMERICAN

Esta análise denominada “Estudo da tradução brasileira do livro “O Olho Mais Azul” acessa Estudos Culturais, Literários e Estudos da Tradução com o objetivo de analisar a tradução além da perspectiva logocêntrica, focando em manifestações culturais expressos pela língua. Neste estudo de caso atenção será focada nas vozes do livro pela escritora norte-americana e afrodescendente Toni Morrison, e como ela desafia os pressupostos brancos, patriarcais, protestantes e critérios Protestantes em que está baseado o contexto cultural dos Estados Unidos. Nossa investigação toma como ponto de partida o plano linguístico em que Morrison opta por usar não somente a norma culta da Língua Inglesa, mas a variante Black English, um registro que abre espaço para a diferença. Neste estudo, a tradução brasileira de The Bluest Eye em Português O Olho Mais Azul por Manuel Paulo Ferreira é o alvo de análise a partir da perspectiva culturalista.

Global IR, global modernity and civilization in Turkish Islamist thought: a critique of culturalism in international relations

This article responds to Acharya’s call to integrate deep area studies knowledge and methods into a global IR by presenting the findings of an empirical enquiry into the concept of civilization in Turkish Islamist thought. It delves into primary and secondary sources, in English and Turkish and in particular into the works of a number of emblematic Islamist thinkers in Republican (post-1923) Turkey, to show that their approach to ‘Islamic civilization’ is defined through nineteenth century, modern concepts, shared with so-called Western thinkers and contexts. The conclusions of the study constitute the basis for a critique of the culturalist perspective in IR which treats cultural and civilizational differences as foundational or even immutable. The article posits, instead, that a truly global IR can only be developed if it is underpinned by the concepts of global modernity and global history (as proposed by Buzan and Lawson, among other IR theorists and historians), across an imagined ‘East’ and ‘West’.

O que podemos aprender com Starbucks, Wal-Mart e Lidl? Uma análise da tentativa de uniformização do direito contratual de compra e venda internacional de mercadorias

A partir das experiências concretas da Starbucks, Wal-Mart e Lidl, este artigo se propôs a demonstrar a necessidade de se considerar o contexto local para a aplicação das Leis. O caso analisado, foi o da Convenção de Viena de Compra e Venda Internacional de Mercadorias. Assim, partindo-se da perspectiva culturalista de Pierre Legrand, demonstrou-se que a Lei é singular, pois intrínsecamente ligada à cultura do local de sua criação e que sua efetividade está diretamente à consideração deste aspecto. O método que orientou esta pesquisa foi o comparatista culturalista, abordagem que considera os aspectos culturais para a compreensão do problema a ser analisado. Assim, em um primeiro momento apresentou-se o contexto histórico de surgimento da CISG, até seu estágio atual, indicando os problemas relacionados a sua utilização. Na sequência, foi introduzida a teoria de Pierre Legrand e a análise de Paul Berman acerca do pluralismo inerente à Convenção, para então, tratar das experiências das companhias Starbucks, Wal-Mart e Lidl. Ao final, foram tecidas considerações acerca do mito da uniformização das Leis, em especial da CISG, e proposta uma mudança de abordagem, mediante a adoção da perspectiva culturalista e do processo de glocalização.

La Novela Gráfica como Herramienta Didáctica para la Lectura de Textos Literarios desde la Perspectiva Culturalista

El propósito de este artículo es analizar cómo la novela gráfica potencializa el aprendizaje lector, desde una perspectiva teórica culturalista a estudiantes de séptimo grado de la Institución Educativa Donmatías, Antioquia; como adquisición lectora. Por lo tanto, los postulados que fundamentan teóricamente el estudio se orientan en Cole (2003), Carlino & Martínez (2009), Cassany & Morales (2008), García (2010), Artacho (2002), Vásquez (1980), Gómez (2013). A su vez, su ruta metodológica estuvo sustentada en un enfoque cualitativo aplicando un diseño de investigación acción participativa a estudiantes entre 12 y 13 años. Por consiguiente, los resultados arrojaron que la lectura de novelas gráficas hace que el educando encuentre y comprenda fácilmente la estructura del texto, tanto el sentido semántico global como la ilación temática, facilitando la comprensión lectora por medio de la integración de la escritura con la imagen, desarrollando una competencia visual y una interpretación que favorece los significados abiertos. Por ende, se concluye que la novela gráfica tiene potencial didáctico ya que la incorporación de la imagen trae un nuevo referente de aprendizaje a la juventud, siendo un puente entre la literatura y la novela gráfica, explorando nuevas posibilidades del lenguaje; esta perspectiva ha traído un sistema cultural que revalúa el accionar del libro como texto continuo.

Mapeamento genético laboral: prospecção axiológica, bioética e legislação brasileira

Resumo Objetiva-se comparar o estado da legislação brasileira sobre mapeamento genético com o de legislações internacionais visando dimensionar a realidade normativa do país quanto às tendências sociais de reconhecimento das diferenças e a abertura jurídica prospectiva, com foco na área laboral. Trata-se de revisão de literatura e pesquisa documental sobre o diálogo entre bioética, medicina do trabalho e genética, que têm a dignidade humana como ponto em comum. Concluiu-se que se tende a admitir o mapeamento genético de trabalhadores para pesquisa e prevenção do adoecimento, inferindo-se, dado seu referencial comum e de acordo com a perspectiva culturalista do Código Civil, que essa possibilidade se estende à identificação genética de habilidades do trabalhador para o exercício de atividades.

Giro cultural y estudios de juventud en el Chile contemporáneo: crisis de hegemonía, mediaciones y desafíos de una propuesta

The cultural perspective, also called “cultural twist” in the studies on youngsters and youths in Chile, and the use of certain conceptual categories such as neotribalism or urban tribes, have been discussed since the beginning of the new century. In general, the criticism raised from such discussions have not been properly answered so far. The present article, hence, aims to provide them, pointing out the context leading to elaborate such proposal and its landmarks, in an attempt to balance the post-dictatorship neotribalism process in our country. Later, as stated, the concepts used to show those youth practices did not address a fascination effect but an effect of cultural and historical mediation that allowed a generational link, to conclude with hints on the performance of the culturalist perspective and its challenges.

Analysis of Failure of Democracies in Africa

The western model of democracy is considered by many Africans to be extremely narrow and even alien to African cultures. Democracy is not just about the right to vote and be voted for, but it is about a whole complex of rights and duties that citizens must exercise if government is to be open and accountable and. Despite the rapid spread of liberal democracy in Africa there have been failures where all the opportunities are right for success. This paper in its analysis of the failure of democracies in Africa explores the views of the modernization theory in general and the culturalist perspective in particular which argues that African traditional political institutions are autocratic, personalized and corrupt, and therefore cannot provide appropriate historical and cultural formulation for democracy in modern societies. Relying on secondary data from journals and other literary sources, the paper disagrees with the modernization and culturalist perspectives and argues that Africa's colonial experience displaced the indigenous democratic practices and replaced them with first, dictatorship and subsequently, western liberal democracy which was and has continued to be alien and as a consequence has been failing across the continent. The paper therefore, recommends that the path to democratization in Africa must be home grown and that outsiders should only help move the process forward.

Acusaciones contra jueces legos ante jueces de Letras: uso social del avance de la justicia letrada. Zona centro-sur de Chile, 1824-1875

El articulo dialoga con la literatura que ha examinado a los denominados “jueces legos”, como sosten de las practicas judiciales e integrantes de las sociedades a las que pertenecian los litigantes. Es una discusion centrada en el periodo previo a la expansion de la justicia letrada que se instalo en los distintos paises de Latinoamerica desde la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. La investigacion problematiza los usos sociales de la emergente justicia letrada, que emprendieron actores sociales para judicializar conflictos mantenidos con jueces legos de su territorio. A la vez, se interesa en las reacciones de los jueces de Letras frente a estas practicas y estrategias. El escrutinio se concentra en la zona centro-sur de Chile durante el periodo de configuracion de un aparato de justicia republicana, caracterizado por la atribucion progresiva de facultades fiscalizadoras a los jueces de Letras sobre los jueces legos. Se analiza un cuerpo documental de 47 expedientes judiciales por acusaciones criminales de distintos sectores sociales, contra subdelegados e inspectores de su residencia, ante jueces de Letras de la zona. Los conflictos y los usos sociales se estudian desde un enfoque culturalista, recurriendo a la nocion de “culturas juridico-judiciales” para comprender los valores, discursos y el saber-hacer en instancia judicial. Los resultados se presentan mediante un estudio de casos, a traves de los que se evidenciaron las lecturas que ensayaron los actores sociales, respecto al proceso de fiscalizacion judicial. Desde esa evaluacion, los litigantes trasladaron sus querellas contra subdelegados e inspectores, hacia los juzgados de Letras que iban instalandose en este espacio. Ademas, estos magistrados manifestaron una validacion de estos movimientos, aceptando las acusaciones y solicitudes procesales de los litigantes. Palabras claves: jueces legos, historia de la Justicia, Chile, siglo XIX.

Procesos identitarios y usos de la lengua eslovena entre inmigrantes y descendientes eslovenos en Argentina

La República Argentina, país histórico de inmigración, cuenta con diversos flujos inmigratorios eslovenos (Mislej, 1994). Se estima que el primer desplazamiento significativo (1878–1888) contó con 200 individuos atraídos por un acuerdo celebrado entre el Imperio Austrohúngaro y el Estado argentino (Repič, 2006). Estuvo conformado por familias provenientes de la región eslovena litoral denominada Primorska (Kalc, 1995), que optaron por la movilidad transoceánica a fin de mejorar su condición social ante un panorama de crisis y estancamiento. Siguiendo una adscripción nativa, este grupo será identificado en el ensayo como «primera inmigración».

Symbols, sentiments, and stories: Urban culture and social problems

AbstractCultural approaches to the study of urban life have enjoyed brief bursts of popularity within the social sciences over the past century. Although many urban sociologists acknowledge that meanings, symbols, narratives, and feelings, in other words local culture, help shape urban places, relatively few take this notion any further. In this article, I first lay out the foundations of cultural approaches to the study of urban life. Second, I argue for the continued significance of the distinction between space and place. Third, I describe a contemporary stream of urban sociology called the urban culturalist perspective. Fourth, I describe important insights gleaned from studies embracing cultural urbanist approaches to an area of urban research receiving increasing attention: gentrification. Fifth, and finally, I outline a few ways in which micro‐cultural investigations of urban phenomena provide useful opportunities for public sociology.

Jornalismo digital de quinta geração

Este artigo revisita as fases do webjornalismo (Pavlik, 2001 e Mielniczuk, 2003) e faz um paralelo com as publicações de tablets, em uma visão culturalista. Recapitulam-se modificações de leitura e leitores (Chartier, 1998 e Santaella, 2004) traçando interseções entre as transformações culturais e tecnológicas. Através de revisão bibliográfica e pesquisa de aplicativos de notícias para tablets, propõe-se a emergência de um jornalismo digital de quinta geração: publicações com independência da web, mobilidade, amplificação do potencial offline e construção visual, hierarquia noticiosa e design gráfico com forte influência dos jornais de papel. Dialoga-se com Barbosa (2013) que também aponta para um jornalismo digital de quinta geração e suas particularidades. A partir da pesquisa, é proposta uma categorização dos apps: um grupo que representa uma transposição do papel; produtos em que a “nave-mãe” é impressa e digital; e um outro de aplicativos nativamente móveis sem correspondência direta a produtos analógicos ou digitais.

TELLING THE TALE, TELLING THE NATION: TIV TALES, MODERNITY AND THE (RE)CONSTRUCTION OF NIGERIAN NATIONHOOD

Scholarship negotiating African folktales and the entire folkloric tradition in Africa has always been constituted as harbouring fundamental lacks. One of these lacks is the supposed incapacity of oral cultures to produce high literature. However, it is true that folktales and other oral forms in Africa can participate actively in the social, political and cultural process. In this paper, we engage folktales told by the Tiv of central Nigeria and situate them within the dynamic of history, culture, modernity and national construction in Nigeria. The paper adopts a historicist and culturalist perspective in its interpretation of the folktales which were collected in particular Tiv communities. This methodological approach helps to crystallize the historical and cultural lineaments embedded in the people’s experiences, values and worldviews. It also constitutes a contextual background for the understanding of the folktales as they offer informed commentaries on social currents and political contingencies in Nigeria. It argues that though folktales belong to a pre-scientific and pre-industrial dispensation, they are part of the people’s intangible cultural heritage and are capable of distilling powerful statements which negotiate Nigerian modernity and postcolonial condition. The paper underscores the dynamism and functionality of folktales even in an increasingly globalised ethos.

Urban Space and Female Subjectivity in Contemporary Brazilian Literature

Contemporary Brazilian fiction has been showing the urban space, and the city in particular, as a privileged object of reflection and poetic imagination. This paper explores the representation of urban space/city in female writing. In other words, my goal is to study the role of urban space/city in the transgression of the patriarchal system, specifically regarding the roles traditionally assigned to women. My starting point will be the following two questions. First: can the city and urban experience promote the transgression of the rules of patriarchal society and help female characters to break with the past and gain agency? And, secondly, how are contemporary female writers conveying urban space in their fiction? I intend to employ theoretical concepts that deal with the characterization of the urban space/city, such as metropolis and megalopolis. I’m using the category of space here in a culturalist perspective, which defines space as a representational category intimately intertwined with social and psychological dimensions. Thus understood, space is not an immobile surface but an ongoing sphere where several human trajectories coexist and the social is constructed (Massey 2005). Given the broad range of authors at hand, I’ve decided to limit my reflection to four female writers: Clarice Lispector (1920-1977), Sônia Coutinho (1939-2013), Paloma Vidal (1975-), and Ana Paula Maia (1977-).

La technologie lithique, de part et d’autre de l’Atlantique

Les controverses entre François Bordes et Lewis Binford sur l’interprétation des différents facies du Moustérien ont été un élément déterminant du développement de la technologie lithique, aussi bien en France qu’aux USA. Dans les deux pays, la variabilité des industries constituait le problème central. Mais, dès l’origine, les voies empruntées ont divergé et trente ou quarante ans plus tard, le fossé n’est pas comblé. Dans la lignée de la «New Archaeology » , la diversité des industries fut appréhendée en Amérique du Nord dans les années 1970-1980 par la recherche de théories explicatives «de rang moyen » , élaborées à partir de référentiels ethnographiques. Celles-ci mettaient en jeu à la fois des contraintes (matières premières, mobilité, etc.) et des notions d’optimisation dérivée de la «Optimal Foraging Theory » . Les facteurs de variabilité alors proposés, souvent appuyés sur des données quantitatives, sont transculturels et le plus souvent liés aux conditions environnementales. Dans les mêmes années, les chercheurs français s’attachaient au contraire à développer des outils analytiques permettant de saisir toute la variabilité des industries, de leur conception à leur production. La distinction entre «technique » et «méthode » , et l’actualisation d’un projet au travers du concept de «chaîne opératoire » , conduisent de façon logique à mettre en exergue «l’intention » de l’artisan et à rechercher ses objectifs techniques, dans une approche fondamentalement qualitative. L’intentionnalité, concernant des groupes et non plus des individus, se retrouve par la suite dans l’élaboration de concepts fondés sur la notion de stratégie : stratégie de débitage, économie des matières premières. C’est là sans doute, au début des années 1990, le premier rendez-vous manqué entre technologie lithique française et nord-américaine. Rejetant le déterminisme écologique primaire des premiers modèles interprétatifs, plusieurs courants nord-américains («Behavioral Chain » , «Design Theory » , «Organization of Technology » ) postulent que les choix techniques sont des compromis entre objectifs et contraintes, rejoignant les approches «cognitives » développées parallèlement en France. Ces courants seront en fait peu suivis, tandis que, dans les mêmes années, plusieurs concepts émergent simultanément de part et d’autre de l’Atlantique : connaissances et savoir-faire, transmission et apprentissage, variabilité individuelle. Mais, là-encore, la rencontre sera éphémère. Les chercheurs français valideront une perspective essentiellement culturaliste en s’appuyant sur la transmission des techniques, tout en donnant un formidable essor aux approches techno-économiques et techno-sociales par l''inscription de la chaîne opératoire de production dans l’espace. Mais ces approches très fructueuses ne se réfèrent pas à une théorie explicite et n’ont pas de nom, pas d’étiquette. Ce qui explique sans doute une des raisons de leur échec dans les pays anglo-saxons. Car celles qui s’y développent, à partir des mêmes notions qu’en France, sont clairement labellisées : la «Behavioral Archaeology » s’appuie sur la transmission intergénérationnelle des connaissances, sur la «behavioral chain » (concept plus large que la chaîne opératoire) et sur la notion de stratégie («design » ). La «Practice Theory and Social Agency » s’appuie, quant à elle, sur des concepts forgés par des sociologues français (Bourdieu, Lemonnier) et sur les données de fouilles françaises (Pincevent, Verberie, Étiolles) pour tenter de démontrer que l’on peut effectivement individualiser des «agents » et leur «agentivité » . Le concept de transmission est également central dans les différents courants récents d’archéologie évolutionniste, qu’il s’agisse de la «Dual Inheritance Theory » fondée sur la théorie Darwinienne, de la «Human Behavioral Ecology » ou du courant «Organization of Technology » . Si ces deux derniers courants sont beaucoup plus proches de la sensibilité et des préoccupations françaises, ils s’en distinguent par le souci de validation des propositions, par des approches quantifiées et par l’importance de la notion d’optimisation. En conclusion, le manque de références théoriques explicites dans les approches françaises apparaît rédhibitoire pour nos collègues anglo-saxons. Mais le manque de dialogue repose plus encore sur les méthodes et les objectifs. Dans les pays anglo-saxons, la recherche de modèles interprétatifs vise toujours, in fine, à faire émerger des régularités transculturelles, appuyées, dans toute la mesure du possible, sur des modèles formalisés, de préférence quantifiés. En France au contraire, où les diagnoses sont plus qualitatives, les recherches ont longtemps eu comme visée essentielle de montrer la singularité de chaque trajectoire (pré) historique, en se défiant de tout déterminisme simple. La dichotomie d’origine entre interprétations fonctionnelles et culturelles, entre approche hypothético-déductive et approche inductive, reste une structure pérenne que sous-tendent, encore aujourd’hui, de véritables traditions scientifiques divergentes.

How to Reconcile the Functional-Rationalist and the Culturalist Perspective in the Euro Area Crisis: The Road towards Multiple Identities of EU Citizens

The present paper starts by skerching the European Union (EU)'s democracy problems mar have aggravaret in light of the euro area crisis, the unprecedented complexiity of the (re-)distributive issues involved and the role of non-majoritarian institutions. Againsr this backdrop, it seeks to direct attention to issues that serve as preconditions for effective decision and policy making in a community of diverse composition, namely a sense of belonging to this cornmuniity, This will be referred to as the 'culruralist' argument throughout the paper. Concerning the Economic and Monerary Union (EMU) and the ongoing correction of design flaws,me article will argue thar the allocation of powers does not only have to meet functional criteria (which will be referred to as rhe 'functional-rationalist' argurnent), bur is also to be supported by EU cirizens in a less technical sense. It is submitted thar this support can be facilirated by developing multiple identities based on multiple allegiances of citizens that combine both the acceptance of powers of their states and of the powers assigned to the EU. Both sorts of identities are functionally different and are to be distinguished on the basis of the transnational element involved. In order to shape multiple identities in a sustainable fashion which are meant to legitimize political authority, the outright recognition of diversity within the EU appears indispensable. *

Subjective Inequality: a Review of International Comparative Studies on People’s Views about Inequality

AbstractThis study reviews international comparative studies investigating people’s views on inequality. These studies are classified using a framework consisting of three types of conceptions of inequality and two dimensions of inequality. Four perspectives are discussed explaining cross-national differences in views on inequality: the modernist, the culturalist, the micro and the macro perspective. The findings of studies comparing views on inequalities in post-communist and Western states provide more support for the modernist than for the culturalist perspective. Few comparative studies appear to investigate views on inequalities as independent variables impacting on other social attitudes and behaviours. It is argued that the social relevance of the field will be enhanced if more studies can show that views on inequality have an effect on social outcomes complementary to that of objective inequalities.