Self-cultivation Research Articles

Becoming women: the embodied self in image culture

List of Illustrations and Tables Acknowledgments Introduction: Searching for Identity in Image Culture 1 In the Shadow of Difference 2 In a Girl's Body 3 Invisible in Full View 4 The Student Body 5 Puberty as Sexual Spectacle 6 A Body That Looks, and Feels, Like a Woman 7 In the Mirror of Beauty Culture Conclusion: Out of the Shadows Appendix A: Participant Profiles Appendix B: Interview Guide and Advertising Flyer References Index

Beyond Useful Knowledge: Developing the Subjective Self

While not underestimating the value of useful knowledge and skills, it is suggested that education should also develop the subjective self of the learner. A distinction is drawn between an ‘additive’ view of education which simply furnishes the individual with knowledge and skills and a ‘transformative’ concept which concerns itself with changes to more central parts of the learner's self. In developing a concept of the subjective self, reference is made to the Enlightenment notion of the autonomous rational self and the interpersonal or cultural self of the Symbolic Interactionists and Communitarians. Particular attention, however, is given to Heidegger's three categories of entities experienced by the phenomenological self: the ‘present at hand’, the ‘ready to hand’ and those entities with whom we share the experience of ‘being with’. An attempt is made to interpret important aspects of education in terms of the development of learners' growing knowledge and deepening understanding of these three kinds of entity and the relation in which they stand to them.

Confucian Ethical Practice as a Method of Creating and Sustaining Whiteheadian Beauty

I argue that Confucian ethical practice can be considered as a feasible method of creating and sustaining Whiteheadian beauty. I first investigate Whitehead’s understanding of value, beauty and morality. Next, I show the affinity between Confucius and Whitehead in their understanding of value, beauty, and morality through an analysis of the Analects (Lunyu 论语), focusing on the aesthetic aspects of Confucian ethics understood as role ethics. Finally, I argue that Confucian ways of moral self-cultivation can be viewed as methods that foster our disposition to create and sustain the beauty of experience.

A Study into the Self-cultivation of Guanzi and Zhuangzi- Focusing on the matter of origin -

A Study into the Self-cultivation of Guanzi and Zhuangzi- Focusing on the matter of origin -

Christian Marriage, Money Scams, and Melanesian Social Imaginaries

AbstractIn this paper, we draw on fieldwork with middle‐class investors in ‘fast money schemes’ (Ponzi scams) to consider how Neo‐Pentecostal Christianity may be mediating social and economic change in Papua New Guinea, particularly in relation to gender equality. Ideas of companionate marriage and the cultivation of an affective self imply masculinities that are more sensitive and less domineering. As these images of fulfilled modernity flow out from Pentecostal churches into broader Papua New Guinean society, they corroborate Taylor's theory of how change occurs within the modern social imaginary.

Darkly Dreaming (in) Authenticity: The Self/Persona Opposition in Dexter

In ‘Darkly Dreaming (in) Authenticity: The Self/Persona Opposition in Dexter,’ Glenn D'Cruz uses Dexter Morgan, the novelised serial killer and Showtime TV anti-hero to examine the connections between self and persona and the discourse of authenticity. D’Cruz foresees a series of challenges for persona studies and considers key concerns ahead, in terms of the critical vocabulary and scholarly agenda and addresses the need for critical genealogy of the term ‘persona’.

Relationship between Nurses’ Cultural Intelligence

AbstractBackground and aim: Cultural intelligence is an important factor in interaction among various ethnic groups and environments. cultural intelligence may affect job performance.This study examined the relationship between cultural intelligence and job performance of nurses in Eghbal hospital in Tehran,Iran.Materials and Methods: A descriptive correlational design was used. Sample of the research consisted of 70 nurses with at least 1 year of work experience which were randomly selected.Data were collected by using 2 questionnaires: 1- modified Ang and colleagues (2004) questionnaires for cultural intelligence which was translated by Kazimi (2010) and 2- Employee performance questionnaire which was developed by Kazemi (2010) with the reliability of the 0.81. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using Pearson correlation , Multiple regression and Analysis of variance tests.Findings: Results of the study showed that: although there was no significant correlation between total cultural intelligence scores and job performance of nurses but when examining the relationship between cultural intelligence sub categories and job performance a significant correlation was found between behavioral cultural scores with job performance. There was a significant difference between male and female nurses in term of total score of cultural intelligence. Job performance scores was significantly correlated with educational levelConclusion: The results showed tthat behaviorialintelligence may mediate the relationship betweencultural intelligence and performance in nurses. Gender was correlated with Cultural Intelligence and educational level was correlated with job performance in nurses . Keywords: Cultural Intelligence, Job Performance, Nurses Ahanchian MR Amiri R Bakhshi M (2012). [Correlation between cultural intelligence and social interaction of nurses. Journal of Health PromotionManagement . 1(2), 44-53. Ang S et al (2007). Cultural intelligence: Its measurement and effects on cultural judgment and decision making, cultural adaptation, and task performance. Management and Organization Review .(3) 335-371. Anges BaloghZoltan Gaal Lajos Szabo. (2011) Relationship between organizational cultural intelligence. Management &Marketing, Challenges for the Knowledge society. Romania.6 (1) 95-110. Briones E et al (2009). Development of a cultural self- efficacy scale for adolescents (CSES-A). Internatinal Journal of Intercultural Relations .(33) 301-312. Crowne K (2008).What leads to cultural intelligence?. Business Horizons . 51)5) 391-399. Faramarz M. Cultural intelligence and adaptability to heterogeneous data.In: Tehran. the first national conference on organizational intelligence / business.2010 Dec 29-30: Tehran , Iran, 2010 P:1-7(persian). . Kazemi M Moghimi S M Amiri A (2010).Studying the Relationship between Cultural Intelligence and Employee’s Performance. European Journal of Scientific Research . 42(3)427-432. [online] .[20 July 2012]. Khashei V Mostame M (2011). [ Cultural intelligence officers, directors, keysuccess factors in the management of the third millennium]. Journal of Cultural Engineering , 5th ( 52,51) 62-72 (Persian). lugo M( 2007).An Examination of cultural and emotional intelligences in the development of global transformational leadership skills.doctoral Dissertation.Walden University.[Online] .[24July2012]. Moody M C (2007). Adaptive behavior in intercultural environments: The relationship between cultural intelligence factors and big five personality traits. Unpublished doctoral Dissertation of philosophy.George Washington university. Pour Ibrahim S(2005). The relationship between organizational culture & Performance in branches of Mellat Bank inTehran.(Theses )for the degree of Master of Public Administration: Management Faculty of Tehran University (persian). Rahimnia F Mortazavi S Delaram M (2010). the effects of cultural intelligence on job performance of managers (Case Study: Bank of NewEconomics of Tehran. Journal of tomorrow management .( 22). 8th.67-79 (persian). Ravari A et al (2012). Job satisfaction hospital-based practicing nurses: examining the influence of self- expectation, social interaction and organizational situations. Jornal of Nursing Management . 20(4) 522-533. Shin-yih Chen A Yi-Chun Lin & Sawangpattanakul A (2011).The relationship between cultural Intelligence and Performance with the mediating effect of cultural shock: Acase from Philippine laborers in Tiwan. International Journal of Intercultural relations . 35(2) 246-258. Templer K , Tay C & chandrasekar N (2006). Motivational cultural intelligence, realistic job preview, realistic living conditions preview and cross-cultural adjustment. Group and Organization Management .31(1) 154-173.

Playing with history: personal accounts of the political and cultural self in actor training through movement

This article attempts to explore and reveal ways in which practical movement work for actors conceals and reveals cultural histories and political significance. In doing so, it makes use of personal reflection as well as a critique of existing writing and practices. The article aims to set movement training in a wider context, a context that reveals the political significance of the personal and somatic experience of training and of the professional practice of training others. It relates the personal experience of teaching and learning movement to its political significance in order to suggest that this is where an important challenge in movement training for actors lies. Reflecting on his personal experience of teaching and learning through a number of movement exercises, the author considers what assumptions about embodied culture and the teaching of movement might be embedded in these exercises and the manner in which they operate in the training of performers. In reflecting on the kinds of interventions that might be possible in movement training in order to address these issues, the article seeks to begin a conversation about how the theoretical issues raised might affect practice.

Proverbial wisdom – a “serious” international business game

Purpose – This paper aims to describe a proverb game where the themes of work and money introduce participants to world perspectives on handling social transactions and establishing “fair play” between people. Design/methodology/approach – Students are involved in a “serious game” where they work in international groups to piece together parts of a linguistic puzzle drawing on the language competencies of the group. They exchange viewpoints about “fair play”. This experiential learning opportunity introduces an ethics and cross-cultural framework into the curriculum. Findings – The game has been used to “break the ice” at the start of international business programs and allow exchange students greater opportunity to become involved in problem solving activities. Practical implications – In three versions, the authors have tested over three academic years, the proverb game has allowed the participants to reach the objectives: become involved with international classmates, co-produce cultural knowledge with peers (an alternative to a teacher-driven seminar on culture), develop awareness of cultural self, study world values through proverbs, and examine the importance of rule-based behavior and fair play. Originality/value – To the authors' knowledge, there are no “language” games suitable for the international business classroom whose purpose is actually ethical.

Culturecide in changing Micronesian climates? About the unintenionality of climate change

This article establishes and explains the (cultural) genocidal dimension of climate change, engaging aspects of identity, intellectual property and cultural heritage from an emic view of the people concerned, namely the inhabitants of Chuuk, Federated States of Micronesia. The Pacific Islands are widely recognised as being specifically vulnerable to the impact of a warming climate. The threat it poses to the scarcely, but partly densely populated land resources might climax in the need to evacuate the islands altogether in the not so distant future. As identity in these communities is intrinsically linked to locality, the erosion of land also threatens to destroy people's cultural roots. Although a society's cultural self-conception is covered in a whole collection of declarations and conventions, the connection between climate change and its impacts, including migration dynamics and (cultural) genocide, has so far largely been ignored. Here, cultural change and migration are a dynamic part of Micronesian people's daily life. However, the consequences of current environmental changes, alongside the prospect of permanently losing the as yet well-guarded links to their homes, are likely to set in motion a re-evaluation of cultural self – a process that deserves global attention and legal consideration.

A Knot in the Gut: Transference/Counter-Transference and Issues of Race, Ethnicity, and Class in an Adolescent Treatment

An important element of adolescence is the development of an awareness of one’s identity with respect to ethnic, racial, religious, gender, sexuality, and class factors. These cultural factors are looked at in the context of their sameness and difference from the adolescent’s parents. They often become fraught in relations at home and in the adolescent’s world of peers. Therefore, when adolescents are in treatment, it is almost inevitable that socio-cultural factors will enter the therapeutic relationship. The intensity that the adolescent brings to the work with regard to these issues is often mirrored by the intensity with which the therapist comes to feel a response.This clinical vignette and discussion is an effort to look at the complexities of the transference/counter-transference matrix that can arise when both members of the therapeutic dyad’s cultural selves come into play with this intensity. It focuses on clinical decisions and an underlying clinical approach in the midst of the therapeutic tension.

The autobiographical self in time and culture

Table of Contents Preface Introduction Chapter 1: Personal stories, family stories Chapter 2: Autobiography in time Chapter 3: The stories we keep Chapter 4: When does our autobiographical self begin? Chapter 5: What are we made of? Stories told and untold Chapter 6: The autobiographical self in prospective

Cultural self, personal self: Links with life satisfaction among Mexican American college students.

Un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales fue utilizado para deteriminar las relaciones entre la retencion de la herencia cultural (es decir, la adhesion a los valores de la cultura Latina, la identidad etnica y la autoestima colectiva), la autoestima personal, la satisfaccion con la vida y el exito academico de 446 estudiantes universitarios mexico-americanos. Los resultados indicaron que el modelo de la hipotesis de ajuste a los datos. Como hipotesis, la autoestima personal mediado parcialmente la relacion entre la conservacion de la herencia cultura y la satisfaccion con la vida. Especificamente, la retencion de la herencia cultural predijo la autoestima personal; y la retencion de la herencia cultural y la autoestima personal predijeron la satisfaccion con la vida. El efecto mediado por la retencion de la herencia cultural para la satisfaccion con la vida a traves de la autoestima personal tambien fue significativa. La relacion de la autoestima personal al bienestar subjetivo fue significativa en ambos sexos, pero mas fuerte para las mujeres que resultan en un efecto mediado mas fuerte de la retencion de la herencia cultural en la satisfaccion con la vida de las mujeres que en los hombres. En contra de la hipotesis, el exito academico no fue predicha por la satisfaccion con la vida y por lo tanto, no indirectamente relacionados con la retencion de la herencia cultural o la autoestima personal. En general, la retencion de la herencia cultura predijo niveles mas altos tanto de la autoestima personal y la satisfaccion con la vida. El aumento de la autoestima personal predijo un mayor bienestar subjetivo. El modelo hipotetico explico 28% de la varianza en la satisfaccion con la vida. Se discuten las implicaciones para la investigacion y la practica.

A Therapist's Self-Disclosure and Its Impact on the Therapy Process in Cross-Cultural Encounters: Disclosure of Personal Self, Professional Self, and/or Cultural Self?

Although controversial, a therapist's self-disclosure has been increasingly considered to have a positive effect in therapy. However, there has been little discussion around disclosing therapists’ culturally embedded values and their impact on assessing, assimilating, and changing culturally diverse clients. Due to the implicit nature of culture within the self, it is challenging for social workers to bracket a powerful cultural influence in their practice. Using critical theories of language and discourse, this article analyzes two case examples from recorded therapy sessions between White therapists and clients of color to illustrate how therapists disclose their personal, professional, or cultural self in assessing clients’ presenting issues and selecting interventions. The case examples suggest that self-disclosure can involve problematic therapy interactions based on cultural assumptions.

Sowing the Seeds of The Message: Islamist Women Activists Before, During, and After the Egyptian Revolution

AbstractThis article focuses on the activities and experiences of a group of Islamist women activists, socialized within the ranks of Islam Online Arabic (IOL). These activists engaged in a range of significant social, political, and media practices, before, during and after the ousting of Mubarak; as individuals, as journalists, as counsellors, as agenda setters and creators of media campaigns. Drawing on longitudinal and ethnographic research, this article is able to highlight and document the continuities in modes of civic engagement and activism across multiple media platforms, organizations, and time. It demonstrates how these women's activism continues to be framed by the (IOL) trope the message, which entails cultivation of self, social, and political awareness. The Egyptian revolution is theoretically conceptualized as a phase of liminality (Turner 1979). Liminality entails upheaval, fear, and promise. The article draws attention to the gendered experiences of the revolution including circumvention of patriarchal structures and the re-negotiations of gender norms. Upon conclusion, it is argued that the message has proven highly adaptable to shifting political scenarios. Indeed, the betwixt and between stage of liminality that Egypt was thrust into after the ousting of Mubarak, was particularly fertile soil for sowing and reaping the seeds of the message.

Social Self-Efficacy: Dimension, Measurement and Its Mechanisms

Bandura's self-efficacy theory is a hot topic in contemporary psychology. As the specific self-efficacy in social domain, social self-efficacy reaches the concerns of researchers increasingly, which is one of the important mental factors that can affect the quality of individuals' interpersonal interaction. This paper reviewed the theoretical and empirical studies firstly, and then analyzed the concept of social self-efficacy(SSE), which was different with correlated variables like social self-esteem, social assertiveness, and social confidence, and its multiple structures probably in the perspective of distinct cultural self or context. Next, we discussed the relationships between SSE and its correlated variables related to personal trait, emotion, attitude, and behavior. The mechanisms of SSE, which were its predictive effect on depression, social anxiety, life satisfaction, social adjustment and internet addiction, its mediating role in personality, sex role, attachment, goal orientation and online interactive communication's mechanism, and its moderating role in stress and injustice's negative effect, was explored as well. Finally, we pointed out that the further research on social self-efficacy should focus on confirming its construct and dimension, developing its measurement, and reinforcing the researches on its causes, effects and system models, especially under the organizational and cross-cultural context.

RELAVANSI NILAI-NILAI BUDAYA BUGIS DAN PEMIKIRAN ULAMA BUGIS: Studi atas Pemikirannya dalam Tafsir Berbahasa Bugis Karya MUI Sulsel

This article investigates the relevance between Bugis culture values and Muslim Scholars’ views on gender issues in Bugis Quranic Interpretation by MUI of South Sulawesi. This research uses content analysis. Woman’s right to be public leader is not questioned as long it fulfills qualitative and functional criteria. In household affairs, a married couple is a partner with equal responsibilities. The concept of ‘iddah emphasizes on religious principle and the culture of self- esteem and purity. The inheritance distribution does not only relate to the right, but also responsibility in order to uphold justice. The expertise of Bugis Muslim scholars to link between Bugis values and its interpretation is not always explicit, some were identifiable implicitly and inherently. The Quranic and local values are two values integrated in giving solution to people. The Bugis people are inspiring to uphold value system and harmonious interaction system in organizing people. Social establishment through the manifestation of core values of culture and the Quranic principle becomes an effective strategy to maintain the identity of community with Islamic doctrine values.

Overcoming the Civilizational Crisis - On the Way of Spiritual and Cultural Self Identification. On the Social and Philosophical Heritage of I.A. Ilyin

On the activity of the International Ilyin Committee (IIC) on preparation and celebration of 130-th Anniversary of I.A.Ilyin, the great scientist and patriot of Russia.

Preparing TESOL Students for the ESOL Classroom: A Cross-Cultural Project in Intercultural Communication

Intercultural communication classes for TESOL students give them a solid foundation for their work with their own ESOL students. This article presents the cross-cultural project that TESOL students have to complete in a required intercultural communication class at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County and the case study that was used to assess the project. The project requires that students learn from and share with someone from a different culture while they are exploring their cultural selves and the workings of culture in themselves and others. Specifically, there are four learning outcomes: Students are expected to: (1) reflect on and deepen their understanding of themselves and others as cultural beings, (2) put newly acquired intercultural knowledge into practice, (3) develop and enhance their intercultural competence, and (4) develop confidence in their ability to talk to people from different cultures. The study found that all four expected learning outcomes were met.

The Self in Context and Culture

The notion of the self is not so much an illusion as it is a “cultural construction.” The self refers to a set of implicit cultural values that we adhere to and use to guide our lives. These values are reflections of specific sociocultural practices in which we exist and that we learn in everyday interaction from the earliest age. These values not only inform our development, they provide the practice of psychoanalysis and psychology with a set of norms about what human life should ideally look like. As with other central concepts, the notion of the self is a product of a specific time and place. It is a culturally specific term, and refers to a set of norms and assumptions about our contemporary life. I conclude that the notion of the self forms an intractable part of Western, and particularly Anglo-American, culture and is produced by a particular kind of social and cultural practice that is specific to time and place. The self is one interpretation of being human among others.