Scientific Culture Research Articles

Ernst Cassirer: Forms and transformations of the philosophical concept of truth (1929)

AbstractThis special issue focuses on two related topics in Ernst Cassirer’s thought: objectivity and truth. Through this lens, the guest editors attempt to illuminate (a) the historical and systematic value of Cassirer’s philosophical project, (b) the continuing relevance of his account of the plurality and universality of human understanding in view of the crisis of truth that currently permeates Western culture, and (c) the way Cassirer’s style can inspire contemporary scholars who wish to evade the analytic-continental divide. Tobias Endres and Simon Truwant gathered twelve contributions from more analytic oriented authors from the philosophy of science and more continental oriented authors from the philosophy of culture. By bringing these scholars together on a shared topic, they hope to help bridging this divide that is also reflected within Cassirer scholarship by preoccupation with either his philosophy of science or philosophy of culture. The articles in this special issue are preceded by a ceremonial speech that Cassirer gave on the occasion of his assumption of the rectorate of the University of Hamburg on November 7, 1929 and that was translated into English for the first time by the guest editors.

Use of Russian and Kyrgyz Languages in Private Medical Centers in the Capital of Kyrgyzstan

This article examines the frequency of use of Russian, Kyrgyz and other languages in private medical centers in the capital of Kyrgyzstan, identifies the features of printed advertising texts and Internet resources that facilitate the functioning of these organizations. The article presents factual data collected during a sociolinguistic study, which are the basis for the formation of grammar language planning in one of the post-Soviet republics. Methods of social linguistics were used to collect the material. The work is of interest to linguists, sociologists, cultural scientists and historians as a source for analyzing the modern socio-linguistic situation in the former republics of the Soviet Union and the modern area of ​​the Russian-speaking space located outside the Russian Federation. In addition, the work allows doctors from different countries to form an idea of communication between colleagues and patients in private medical centers in Bishkek, which directly affects the ability to find work in this region. The scientific article provides an analysis of texts posted on websites and in the Internet space, as well as in advertising brochures, manuals, bulletins, where the dominant role of the Russian language is noted. It should be noted that the article contains an analysis of the graphics used by private medical centers when registering with the Ministry of Justice, in the media and the Internet. In this case, cases of merging Latin and Cyrillic graphics are noted, which indicates a desire to use international medical vocabulary in characterizing the specifics of many centers.

Evolution and Research Trends in Physical Culture. A Longitudinal Analysis of Student Diploma Theses from the Didactic Team of Physical Culture Sciences, formerly the Department of Physical Culture, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, 2017-2024

Objective: The aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive analysis of diploma theses produced in the Department of Physical Culture at the Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management between 2017-2024, to identify main research trends, thematic evolution, and assess the impact of external factors on research directions in the field of physical culture. Material and Methods: The analysis included 95 diploma theses (82 bachelor's and 13 master's). Mixed research methods were applied, combining quantitative and qualitative analysis. Content analysis, statistical analysis (including chi-square tests, analysis of variance, linear regression), and advanced data analysis methods (LDA topic modeling, social network analysis, SARIMA time series analysis) were conducted. Additionally, measures of thematic diversity and supervisor specialization indicators were applied. Results: A statistically significant upward trend in the number of theses (β = 1.1875, p = 0.0134) and significant seasonality of defenses were found. Five main thematic areas were identified: physical activity and health (29.5%), tourism (23.2%), sport (21.1%), health (15.8%), and recreation (10.5%). LDA analysis revealed more detailed categories, indicating growing interdisciplinarity of research. A significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on thesis topics was observed in 2020-2021. Social network analysis showed a key role of certain supervisors in shaping research directions (highest eigenvector centrality = 1.00). Conclusions: The study revealed dynamic development of the physical culture discipline, with growing emphasis on interdisciplinarity and health aspects. Adaptation of research topics to current social and technological challenges was observed. Results indicate the need for further expansion of the thematic scope of theses, particularly in areas of new technologies and long-term effects of physical activity. The analysis provides valuable information for strategic planning of study program development and research directions in the field of physical culture, tourism, and recreation.

The Beauty and Importance of Scientific Journals

For more than 300 years, academic journals have been the main means of communication in all disciplines to disseminate scientific discoveries and advances, both theoretical and methodological, through scientific article, since they have covered all the functions of knowledge generation. Writing articles is the highlight of the research process and through it we not only share ideas and foster the spirit of free and cooperative exchange of information, but also fuel the process of self-correction that makes science powerful. To be shared with the community, articles must go through a process of attribution of authorship, certification of validity, dissemination, distribution and archiving of knowledge. Throughout history, scientific journals have gone through different stages and through different problems inherent to the editorial process. In this essay on scientific publications, we will reflect on the nature of publications, their importance and usefulness both social and economic, their less luminous side as well as their role, as a systemic and almost irreplaceable mechanism, in the generation and transmission of scientific culture, of our knowledge and understanding about the world and about ourselves.

From fiscal-military state to laissez-faire science: liberal government and the nineteenth-century market of scientific activity

AbstractIn nineteenth-century Britain, the role of the state in the cultivation of scientific activity was controversial. After the conclusion of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815, successive governments rolled back the apparatus of the ‘fiscal-military state’, characterized by high taxation and government spending. What followed was a moment of self-avowedly laissez-faire, liberal governance in which contemporaries placed great emphasis on the value of minimal government intervention in market activity. This not only concerned the nation’s social and economic life, but its scientific culture. Leading political and scientific figures frequently promoted science as something best advanced if left to individuals. Yet by the 1900s, the British state was increasingly engaged in financing and organizing large-scale scientific research. The twentieth century would see governments around the world expand their scientific and technological investment, epitomized by the American concept of ‘Big Science’. This article analyses the relationship between the British government and scientific activity during the nineteenth century and argues that, far from a simple matter of minimal intervention, the state was always highly active in the market of science.

The Place of World Economy Research in the Heterodox Analytics of Eurasian Integration

Aim. The article shows the increased productivity of heterodox approaches in the part of economics that studies the problems of the world economy, including regional integration.Methods. Illustrations of the apparent paradoxicity (for representatives of the economic mainstream) of geopolitical and world economic dynamics after 2022 are used to explain the importance of analyzing economic processes in the world economy, taking into account approaches of related social disciplines. The connection of some important scientific results of Russian scholars in the field of economics with the achievements of historians, orientalists and cultural scientists, representatives of economic and political geography and studies of international relations is shown.Results. The article describes the boundaries of the mathematization of the considered segment of heterodox analysis related to the unreliability of world economic statistics, with examples of the successful application of approximate (in a broad sense relative to mathematical terminology) calculations to assess shifts in foreign trade and foreign direct investment in contemporary Russia. The author demonstrates that the heterodox approach reveals the absence of contradiction between Russia’s intensification of Eurasian economic integration (including within the narrow limits of the EAEU) and our country’s efforts to build a more equitable polycentric world order, including strengthening the BRICS format. Greater interdisciplinary transparency for heterodox economists against the background of representatives of the mainstream, among other things, makes it possible to intensify fruitful cooperation between scientists and practical analysts representing analytical centers — think tanks of the post-Soviet space and neighboring countries in the interests of developing integration projects.Conclusions. The proposed methodological framework can enhance the effectiveness of the work of the analytical community of Russia and its friendly countries in obtaining new applied conclusions in the economic sphere, especially in terms of enhancing the effectiveness of integration efforts in Greater Eurasia. At the same time, heterodox economists are more receptive to cooperation with historians, political scientists and other analysts who have focused on Eurasian economic integration.

Preclinical research (on rare diseases): we need to talk about health equity.

There is a thriving, worldwide, biomedical research community working to understand the molecular bases of diseases of all types, continuously driving improved diagnostics and therapies. Developments in genetics and experimental medicine are yielding novel genetic therapies that were hardly dreamt of 40 years ago. But along with these scientific achievements, there exist challenges in ensuring that 21st century medical interventions are accessible to all who need them. This perspective will discuss how preclinical research, with a focus on rare diseases, can better contribute to healthcare ecosystems that are oriented towards greater health equity. This contribution may require changes to the prevailing scientific research culture that will need support from relevant institutions and the wider community.

Being is said in many ways

Abstract The article focuses on the ontological foundations of lifeworld as Being taken for granted and viewed as a communication phenomenon par excellence, conceptualized as signifying in the presence of others. It is argued that, because there is always a wider horizon of experience against which anything can appear, lifeworld as something continuous can only be thematized in discrete scientific forms. In the article, lifeworld is discussed through the perspectives of four different sciences. From the natural science perspective, lifeworld is conceptualized as an arrangement contingent on the interconnections of human and nonhuman beings. It takes the form of conversation and can be best examined by Conversation Analysis. From the social science perspective, lifeworld is conceptualized as an order that is constituted by symbolic interactions and guided by relevant types and rules that structure our experience. It takes the form of intersubjective action as a meaningful back and forth and can be best examined by Discourse Analysis. From the cultural sciences perspective, lifeworld is the realm of spirit passed from generation to generation that gives human culture its meaning. It takes the form of significant expressions and can be best examined by Textual Hermeneutic Analysis. And, from the philosophical perspective, lifeworld is constituted by phenomena that appear, or monstrate themselves, to consciousness. This lifeworld is of absolute reversibility and immediacy and can be best examined by Critical Analysis, i.e., by postulating our relation to any object through contemplation. Thus, as Being, lifeworld is said in many ways, each lifeworld being relevant in its own way by providing a valuable resource – physico-biological, normative, significational, and transcendental.

Asbestos: Communicating the Health Issues Derived from Fibrous Minerals to Society

Asbestos, also known by its commercial name “amianthus”, has been widely used in various industries due to its unique properties. However, the extensive use of asbestos has had serious consequences for human health, most notably asbestosis, an irreversible chronic lung disease. Asbestosis increases the risk of lung cancer and malignant mesothelioma, both of which are fatal. Applied sciences such as microscopy (optical and scanning electron microscopy) and geochemistry have been fundamental in characterizing the mineral fibers of asbestos to understand its role in human health. We previously used these techniques to characterize these fibers; in this study, we explored the issues associated with asbestos and asbestosis, as well as the challenges facing science communication strategies in effectively informing society and workers about these risks. The lack of scientific culture, in general, has led to a lack of public awareness of the risks of asbestos. As such, effective communication and outreach plans and strategies, including the visualization of the fibers to demonstrate why problems arise if inhaled, must be implemented to address these challenges. Educational campaigns, guidelines, and plans that are informative and actionable, teaching workers, communities, and the public about the risks of asbestos are crucial. A general knowledge of mineralogy and geochemistry is needed, and providing and disseminating proper scientific communication may help to close the knowledge gap. We use examples and experience from Spain and Italy to illustrate this matter, as we have been working on the characterization of ultramafic complexes in these countries for more than ten years. Additionally, because these countries have strict laws for asbestos-containing materials, they are currently involved in retiring and demolishing buildings and infrastructure that contain asbestos.

Об актуальности наследия Вл.С. Соловьева

The general characteristics of the materials of the International “Round table” “Relevance of V.S. Solovyov's legacy: philosophy, philology, cultural studies (modernity calls and possible answers)” devoted to the discussion of the problems of V.S. Solovyov's legacy research are presented. The initiator and organizer of the scientific event was the editorial board of the journal “Solovyov studies”. The discussion was attended by Russian and foreign specialists – philosophers, philologists, cultural scientists from the largest universities and academic centers in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Ivanovo, Nizhny Novgorod, Kaliningrad, Kostroma, Saransk, Astrakhan. Foreign participants are researchers of V.S. Solovyov's legacy from Italy, Spain, and France. It is noted that the discussion participants focused on the problems of historiography and source studies of Russian philosophy in general and the legacy of V.S. Solovyov. The relevance of the ethical vector of his historiosophical ideas is pointed out to the philosophical unreasonableness and politicization of modern attacks on Solovyov's legacy, the lack of a fundamental scientific and philosophical research program. Attention is drawn to the need for further research into the historical and philosophical context of the formation of V.S. Solovyov's philosophical views and their influence on the subsequent development of culture, on the prospects of the projects “logic of unity” and “philosophy of neo-unity” being developed. The relevance of the idea of Christian unity by V.S. Solovyov is noted. Promising directions for further philological study of his work are revealed. The role of the journal “Solovyov Studies” in the development of Russian and foreign Solovyov studies is determined.

Neurosurrealism in the Service of Revolution: Aesthetic Features and Critical Potential of Neural Network Art

The rapid development of neural network technologies in recent years has given rise to the formation of many interdisciplinary research areas, including neural network aesthetics. The aesthetics of generative creativity today is studied not only in the context of the history of digital art, but also in comparison with the practices of other artistic trends and schools. Thus, the expression “neural surrealism”, which has become entrenched in popular discourse, undoubtedly refers to the aesthetics of classical surrealism, framed and fixed in Andre Breton’s program texts: neural network algorithms allow you to create images that seem both realistic and absurd due to unexpected combinations of objects, distorted proportions and presence of uncanny images. Although “neural surrealism” can be seen as a depoliticized and unbiased game of generated images in contrast to the surrealism of the 1920s and 30s, which was not merely an artistic movement but a radical social project, it appears that the very ability of neural networks to generate extraordinary and unpredictable images holds a certain critical potential. Using the methods of formal-stylistic and ideological-content analysis, the author of the article concludes that “neurosurrealism” in a sense continues the line of classical surrealism to undermine the automatism of perception and patterns of thinking. Generative algorithms become a kind of “exclusion production machines” that allow you to see reality from an unexpected angle. In addition, the very fact of using neural networks in art raises important questions about the nature of creativity, the limits of artificial intelligence and the future of man in the world of smart machines. Neurosurrealism problematizes well-established ideas about the originality and intentionality of artistic expression, which indicates the close connection of generative artistic practices with the aesthetics of classical surrealist creativity. The conducted research will be useful to specialists of a wide profile: media theorists, art historians, philosophers, cultural scientists, as well as developers and representatives of the creative industries.

Философский диалог: М.М. Бахтин – А.А. Дорогов (воспоминания и архивные свидетельства)

The name of Mikhail Mikhailovich Bakhtin (1895–1975), an outstanding thinker of the 20th century, philosopher and cultural scientist, is widely known. The relevance of his research thought, which comprehended the depth of knowledge about man in the forms of literary creativity, as well as in historical forms of culture, only increases over the years. Because of this, interest in his legacy, including his scientific dialogues, is also increasing. The article provides memories about one of M.M. Bakhtin’s interlocutors – Alexei Alexandrovich Dorogov (1923-2003), whose name is well known only to those who knew him personally, talked with him, listened to his lectures on a wide range of historical, philosophical and cultural problems. This publication sets out to bring out of the shadows of oblivion our remarkable compatriot, a profound and original thinker who was linked to M.M. Bakhtin by a friendship that began on 20 August 1965 and lasted until the latter's death in 1975. Their dialogues can be attributed not just to the genre of memoirs, but to the history of scientific thought. The article is supplemented by the author’s personal memories of meetings and conversations with A. Dorogov. The publication may open up new facets of M.M. Bakhtin’s life and work, as well as to complete the picture of scientific thought of the twentieth century by including in it a little-known thinker, Alexei Alexandrovich Dorogov.

USING THE POTENTIAL OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES IN THE FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCES OF FUTURE CULTUROLOGISTS

The article analyzes the place and role of territorial communities in the system of professional training of culturologists. It has been determined that among the qualifications of a master of cultural studies, the national standard for extensive knowledge of this specialty means the ability to professionally diagnose, predict, project and model the cultural development of different cultural regions, physical and visual culture. It is described how the preparation of such specialist, who are present in the socio-cultural field of the region, has become one of the ambushes of the educational and professional programs «Culturology» of the first (bachelor’s) and the other (master’s) who is jealous of the great knowledge of the Poltava National Pedagogical University named after V. G. Korolenko. It is characterized how this process will ensure that stakeholders from various territorial communities are recruited before the process of developing, negotiating, changing and revising new programs like these, and also in cooperation with robot sellers in localities and villages Poltava region and regional areas near the area of organization of practice, ensuring dual coverage of cultural scientists, as well as through obtaining awareness of socio-cultural projects, such as carrying out foundations and establishing culture, community organizations and local activities. It is proved that the mutual work from the preparation of a cultural scientist, who is not without a wide range of current cultural knowledge, and also to create an organization (often funerary popularization), to the last (analytical) practical), as well as enabling activities in the sphere of culture and the department of foreign affairs culturology of Poltava Pedagogical University from hours of sleep. The wide base of stakeholders, which were obtained up to this point, is associated with the sphere of practice of such a specialist, which nurtures the foundations of light, and the establishment of culture, as well as the cultural and creative industries. In 2020, the adoption of a new standard for the specialty 034 Culturology did not deprive the class of subjects that formulate the necessary skills of a cultural scientist, and this meant the norm of preparation of the specialist, which includes the creation of the organization and the promotion of communication with government authorities, scientific and research institutions, information and analytical services, methods of mass information and cultural nutrition. This led to the establishment of close collaboration with stakeholders and territorial communities to train students to work in localities and villages in the region.

The Role of Organizational Commitment in Mediating the Effect of Work-Family Conflict and Work Stress on Employee Performance (Study at the Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Udayana University)

Goal setting theory explains that a person's behavior is determined by values and goals. Goals set influence actual behavior, which is governed by ideas and intentions, thereby influencing actions and performance. Effective control of work-family conflict and work stress improves performance. Human Resource Management involves planning, organizing, implementing, and controlling human resources to achieve organizational goals efficiently. Work-family conflicts, such as heavy workloads and family responsibilities, and work stress reduce motivation and performance. Organizational commitment, including loyalty and work motivation, helps employees overcome conflict and stress and maintain good performance. The respondents in this research were employees at the Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Udayana University . The number of respondents in this study was 52 respondents using nonprobability techniques , namely saturated samples or often called total sampling. This research uses Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis from the Smart Pls program. The results of this study indicate that work-family conflict and work stress have a negative and significant effect on organizational commitment. Work-family conflict and work stress have a negative and significant effect on employee performance. Organizational commitment has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Organizational commitment is not proven to play a mediating role in the indirect effect of work-family conflict on employee performance. The effect of the mediating role of organizational commitment on the indirect influence of work-family conflict on employee performance has a direct effect without going through the mediating role of organizational commitment. Organizational commitment has been proven to play a mediating role in the influence of work stress on employee performance. The effect of the mediating role of organizational commitment on the indirect influence of work stress on employee performance is partial complementary mediation.

Przyroda w perspektywie kulturoznawczej jako obszar badań

Issues related to the environment, its protection, climate change, etc., has been increasingly entering the field of humanities and social sciences. The article examines the theoretical framework for building a research program for cultural studies for environment, a subfield of cultural sciences relating to issues of nature. The context of consideration oscillates around the development of economic-cultural, and cultural-political issues with themes related to nature and its protection. The text indicates that culturally operationalized knowledge of nature can have both research and implementation translations, becoming the basis for building strategies or theoretical foundations for reflection in the fields of conservation practices.

Pratiques spirituelles et prière incarnée chez Michel de Certeau

Abstract In recent years, numerous studies of prayer practices have been presented in the field of cultural and religious sciences. In his article on “L’homme en prière, cet ‘arbre de gestes’”, Michel de Certeau makes the gestures of prayer and the space inhabited by prayer the starting point for a fundamental approach to human existence. The following article builds on these reflections and, in the context of the ‘spacial turn’ in the cultural sciences, attempts to work out with Michel de Certeau the paths to an ‘intellectus fidei’ in these times of broken links with the ecclesial institution, when spirituality is gaining new importance, even in secular circles.

Reform and Practice of Ideological and Political Teaching in the Course of Processing and Storage of Forage Crops

The 6th document of the Ministry of Education in 2019 pointed out that ideological and political education should run through the whole process of talent training, insisting that the effect of "cultivating people by virtue" should be regarded as the fundamental standard to test all the work of colleges and universities. Forage Processing and Storage is based on the basic theory of maintaining and improving the nutritional value of forage feed and reducing the nutritional loss in the process of processing and storage. It focuses on the science of processing technology of forage. It is a professional course of grassland science major in higher agricultural schools. The teaching content involves botany, seed science, soil science, culture science, animal nutrition, ecology and other aspects, which contains rich ideological and political elements. With the purpose of "cultivating people by virtue", the paper explored the ideological and political elements, and integrated them with professional knowledge organically. Through the analysis of typical teaching cases, the reform and practice of ideological and political teaching of Forage Processing and Storage are promoted, and the correct values and scientific outlook are set up by the students in a subtle way.

The Influence of Servant Leadership and Organizational Climate on Employee Performance with Job Satisfaction as Intervening Variables (Study at the Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Udayana University)

The Influence of Servant Leadership and Organizational Climate on Employee Performance with Job Satisfaction as Intervening Variables (Study at the Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Udayana University)

A life dedicated to research and ideal: Johannes Müller between empirical universality and idealistic vitalism mirrored in lecture notes from 1851

Until the mid-nineteenth century, "physiology" was a comprehensive theory of life, expounded and shaped by Johannes P. Müller (1801–1858). Biologists and medical doctors still refer to him today. In the summer term of 1851, Müller gave a lecture on the Comparative Anatomy of animals. This lecture was attended and recorded by Ernst Zeller (1830–1902), a future physician and zoologist, and has recently been published together with a German transcript. In this paper, we situate Johannes Müller within the intellectual history of his time. Through his "empirical idealism," we show how he opposed the speculative tendencies of the romantic understanding of nature, the emerging evolutionism, and the growing splits in the natural sciences. Müller focused on recognizing living nature as a whole and realizing ideal "phenomena" through his empirical research. He considered the notion of the soul of the world. Müller's lecture transcript serves as a poignant testament to German scientific culture in the mid-nineteenth century, a few years before the publication of Darwin's Origin of Species. It also provides valuable insights into the self-contained epistemological foundations of morphology.

Nature in Seclusion. The Monastic Republic of Letters in Southern Germany.

Monasteries were famous for their extensive libraries and richly decorated churches. Less well known are their observatories and their mathematical-physical collections with telescopes, air pumps, and friction machines. But how did the way of life in the monastery and scientific practices influence each other? This paper examines the interaction of scientific practices and religious way of life using the example of southern German monasteries in the second half of the eighteenth century. It shows how the monks pragmatically linked monastic life and research practice, thereby forming their own specific scientific culture. This closes an important gap in the understanding of scholarship in the eighteenth century by foregrounding the monasteries as places of knowledge production, which have so far received little attention alongside universities and academies.