Cultural Resource Management Archaeology Research Articles

Upper Delaware Valley Archaeological Synthesis

Upper Delaware Valley Archaeological Synthesis

Swedish Archaeology in Perspective and the Possibility of Reflexivity

In exploring the possibilities of reflexivity in the Cultural Resource Management archaeology in Sweden, a comparison is made between the excavation at Çatalhöyük in Turkey and an excavation at Burlöv in Malmö, Sweden. The former, a large-scale research project that aims at implementing post-processual ideas, differs in many ways from the latter, which is part of a large-scale rescue project, Öresundsförbindelsen. There are also similarities, and in different ways reflexivity seems to be achieved in both cases.

The Rise and Decline(?) of the Modern in Sweden - Reflected through Cultural Resource Management Archaeology

A social and ideological trend that has been most influential in the 20’" century is modernism. It is of interest to closer examine the relationship between archaeology and the western social-liberal modernistic project. The archaeology related to Cultural Resource Management in Sweden is a suitable for a study of this kind. This article tries to illustrate this by presenting a case study from Malmö in Scania, south Sweden. The Swedish modern project went hand in hand with industrialization. This development has been of importance for the accumulation of archaeological data. Modernistic ideas were however also largely to influence archaeological methods and interpretations.

New Perspectives in Cultural Resource Management, by Francis P. McManamon, ed.

<i>New Perspectives in Cultural Resource Management</i>, by Francis P. McManamon, ed.

Middle Atlantic Prehistory: Foundations and Practice, by Heather A. Wholey and Carole L. Nash

<i>Middle Atlantic Prehistory: Foundations and Practice</i>, by Heather A. Wholey and Carole L. Nash

Stock raising and winter sheep camps in south-central Wyoming (1880–1957): An ethnoarchaeological example

Winter sheep camp locations on one ranch in south-central Wyoming are strongly influenced by particular landscape and topographic attributes. A patterned distribution of camps is suggested from both archaeological and ethnohistoric evidence. Sheep camps are one of the most ubiquitous archaeological sites in the region and offer valuable insights into the transhumant settlement pattern of the nineteenth and early twentieth century sheep industry. Our knowledge of this site type owes much to the growth of Cultural Resource Management over the last 40 years. The present study incorporates both participant interviews and Cultural Resource Management archaeology to offer a testable model for site location and content on sheep range in Carbon County, Wyoming.

Keeping CRM Archaeology Relevant: Presenting an Archaeology of Children and Childhood in the Past

The industry of cultural resource management (CRM) has been criticized for its failure to communicate research results publicly, and to make contributions on a local and global scale. In this paper, I suggest that school-based archaeology programs – either through mock archaeological digs, participation in actual excavations, or the use of specific material culture types to tell stories about the past – provide a means to make CRM archaeology relevant to a wider audience. I also propose that an effective teaching tool about local archaeology would be to create a program on the archaeology of children and childhood. This would be an engaging method for teaching history, making history accessible and relatable, and helping students to understand past populations and change over time. CRM archaeologists would be well suited to present this unique and engaging program. Furthermore, this would present students with an opportunity to learn about the pre-European-contact period of North America, an area of history that many consider to be excluded from formal curriculum.

Resistance and Compliance: CRM and the Archaeology of the African Diaspora

Archaeological investigations carried out in compliance with the dictates of the National Historic Preservation Act have played an integral role in developing our understanding of and approach to the archaeology of the African diaspora. These cultural resource management (CRM) studies include several landmark projects that helped shape the national approach to African American archaeology. However, as with other sectors of the discipline, CRM archaeology of the African diaspora is presently suffering from a period of stagnation and lack of focus. This paper considers CRM’s contribution to the archaeology of African America, past and present, and attempts to project the future place of CRM in the study of the African American past.

Archaeology under a Microscope: CRM and the Press

Cultural Resource Management (CRM) archaeology receives regular press and media attention. This coverage can shape public perceptions and attitudes about the field. Furthermore, press coverage and public opinion can affect CRM project and policy decision-making. Analysis of the content of newspaper articles collected by the New York State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) related to CRM archaeology over the five-year period between 1995 and 2000 included documenting the types of issues that received press attention and assessing the amount of positive and negative press coverage. Recommendations to encourage improved media coverage of CRM archaeology include: increased recognition of the importance of press coverage; increased efforts to encourage positive press coverage of CRM; improved skills for working with the press; greater participation from archaeologists in academia; and continued evaluation and assessment of newspaper and media coverage of CRM archaeology.

A model graduate training programme in public archaeology

As cultural resource management (CRM) in the United States struggles through another period of introspection, one need for improvement consistently identified is in the area of graduate training of future practitioners of CRM archaeology (Fagan 1996; Green &amp; Doershuk 1998; Schuldenrein 1998; Messenger et al. 1999). To what extent training in the practicalities of the field needs to be embodied in curricular coursework, the relative role of research versus applied emphases in the graduate programme, the most appropriate terminal degree for CRM practice, and the very specifics of what constitutes adequate preparation for the diverse and dynamic challenges that constitute contemporary archaeology in the United States, all provide points for the emerging discussion between professionals operating in the field and those in academia who design programmes (e.g. Society for American Archaeology 1995).

Cultural resource management and American archaeology

Cultural resource management (CRM) work accounts for most of the archaeology conducted in the United States. A diverse and somewhat fragmented field, CRM has nonetheless achieved a degree of institutional and organizational maturity. CRM archaeology has produced important contributions to archaeological methodology and has established and refined knowledge of regional cultural-historical sequences and settlement and subsistence patterns. The current florescence of historical archaeology is attributable to CRM. Yet the maintenance of high quality in CRM is a pervasive and enduring problem. Academic institutions need to reestablish alliances with the CRM community. The future viability of CRM archaeology depends on factors both internal and external to the discipline: regulatory and statutory “reform,” agency funding levels, looting and other destructive forces, and Native American and other public involvement.

Some thoughts on cultural resource management archaeology in the United States

The relations between rescue and research have been a lively issue in those many countries where salvage work has become the context for much, or most, funding for archaeological fieldwork. Nowhere has the debate been livelier than in the USA, where the last decade has seen the growth of cultural resource management (CRM), in part ‘as a rebellion against the connotations of the term “salvage archaeology”’ (Knudson 1986:400).The University of Pittsburgh is one of the most active anthropology departments in the field; here the CRM issues are explored, with examples from the Pittsburgh programme.