Cultural Orientation Research Articles

Knowledge Sharing in MNCs: Leadership, Hierarchical Similarity, and Cultural Orientation

Knowledge Sharing in MNCs: Leadership, Hierarchical Similarity, and Cultural Orientation

Cultural Orientations and Expatriate Performance: A Dyadic Perspective

Cultural Orientations and Expatriate Performance: A Dyadic Perspective

Addressing Teenage Pregnancy and Reproductive Health Among Latinx Adolescents and Young Adults

Despite a national decline in teenage pregnancy rates, Latinxs and Black individuals continue to have higher teenage birth rates compared to white teens. In the United States, Latinx females (ages 15-19) are more than twice as likely to have a teenage birth compared to non-Latinx white teens. With an increasingly diverse nation, a shift towards culturally inclusive approaches to care is critical to achieving equitable patient outcomes. Improving access to preventative care, workforce diversity, and insurance coverage will lead to cost-savings and also help restore trust in a system that has failed past generations. In this commentary, targeted recommendations tailored specifically towards Latinx women will be provided including culturally competent birth control counseling, and a focus on reproductive justice. Not speaking English, low socioeconomic status, acculturation, legal status, and being uninsured are all teenage pregnancy risk factors unique to Latinx women. Cultural preferences and attitudes towards contraception must also be considered. Further expansion of Medicaid insurance coverage is also necessary to increase reproductive access among vulnerable populations. A cultural humility framework to reproductive health counseling and services is recommended. Within this framework family engagement is encouraged and women are free from reproductive coercion; they have the freedom to access over-the-counter contraception and receive guidance and support from providers and community health workers who are cognizant of culture and heritage. An integrated community-based approach that is culturally sensitive and in tune with Latinx heterogenicity is necessary to lower teenage pregnancy rates and achieve reproductive justice.

The Association of Acculturation and Well-Being: Second-Generation Immigrants in Switzerland

In recent decades, there has been a rapid increase in immigration rates throughout Europe, and many immigrants remained permanently. As a result, a substantial part of society are second-generation immigrants. Despite an increase in research related to this population, predominantly from the US, it remains unknown, whether growing up and living in two cultures fosters immigrants’ subjective well-being. The present study investigated the association between acculturation (here heritage and mainstream culture orientation) and subjective well-being of second-generation immigrants in Switzerland. We further ran a multigroup analyses for women and men separately. Data of N = 492 adult children of immigrants (66% women; Mage = 32.39, SDage = 10.46) were analyzed. Structural equation modelling showed that both orientation toward heritage and toward mainstream culture were positively related to subjective well-being, and that this was moderated by gender. Furthermore, the interaction between both kinds of orientation had a significant effect on subjective well-being. The study addresses several gaps in the existing research literature in three key ways: (1) it adds a European perspective; (2) it focuses on understudied second-generation immigrants; (3) it measures acculturation bilinear and multidimensional, as is required theoretically. Moreover, the findings may contribute to a more nuanced public discourse, where the significance of both mainstream orientation and heritage culture is occasionally called into question.

Political culture and the resource curse: public sector corruption across the United States

Purpose This study aims to examine the connection between political culture and public sector corruption, using the typology of Daniel Elazar, whose model traces the types of political cultures to their origins in various regions of England. Similarly, the “resource curse” concept, generally treated as a national-level phenomenon, is examined to assess how it might vary among jurisdictions within a country. Design/methodology/approach Regression analysis was applied to data from the 50 states of the US. Public sector corruption in each state was operationalized as the number of convictions by the Public Integrity Section of the US Department of Justice in relation to the number of public sector employees in that state. Findings Among the 50 states of the US, support was found for the association between political culture and public sector corruption. On the other hand, whether a state’s economy was dominated by natural resource extraction was not related to public sector corruption. This latter finding suggests the “resource curse” phenomenon does not cause corruption to be worse in states with resource-dependent economies. Research limitations/implications Although it is appropriate to apply regression analysis to a data set of the 50 US states, the small size of the data set limited the number of predictor variables that could be examined. Alternative research approaches are discussed, and it is conceivable that another analytical technique might have revealed other predictors that affect the occurrence of corruption. Originality/value While numerous studies have examined the impact of political culture and resource orientation on corruption at the national level, the current study examines how these variables affect corruption at the level of subnational jurisdictions within a major developed country, the United States.

УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ КУЛЬТУРНО-ЕТИЧНИХ ЗАСАД УПРАВЛІНСЬКИХ ВІДНОСИН У ПУБЛІЧНОМУ УПРАВЛІННІ

The article reveals the basics of the cultural and ethical foundations of managerial relations in public administration, describes the culture of managerial relations in the public administration system elucidates the basic foundations of the ethical foundations of managerial relations in the public administration system. It is noted that the European integration progress of Ukraine requires the formation of a new generation of employees who would act in accordance with European standards of management, moral and ethical norms of European society, correspond to modern trends in the political, economic arena, social realities and be able to observe a fundamentally new order of organizational and management interactions. The specifics of compliance with ethical and moral principles and the main components of the management culture of civil servants are determined: ethical beliefs, moral qualities (sense of responsibility, conscience, uncompromisingness), moral habits, abilities and actions, etc. The general characteristics of the culture of the social environment in which the personality of the civil servant is formed and the culture of the society in which his official activity is carried out are revealed, which determine the content of value orientation in the process of performing professional duties and general moral guidelines. It has been established that the key point for building professional ethics is awareness of the purpose of the profession in society, the social functions that professionals must perform – awareness of the mission of the profession. Such a mission for civil servants is the principle of service to the people – the semantic core around which the system of cultural and ethical professional value orientations of public managers should be built. Directions for improving the cultural and ethical foundations of managerial relations in public administration at the organizational and personal levels are proposed.

Mooting the Concept of “Hierarchical Analysis” in the Context of a Cultural Taxonomy: A Concept with Widespread Implications for Social Sciences Research

We begin this paper by attempting to define what the oft-used term “culture” means and probing its various elements, dimensions, and attributes as well. We also then describe what is meant by cultural change, and investigate the various types of commonly and less commonly observed types of cultural change along with the schools canonically associated with the study of culture and cultural change in social and cultural anthropology. We also then proceed to review the core concepts associated and allied with our symbiotic approach to sociocultural change along with the related concepts of mind-orientations, cultural orientations, mindspace, thought worlds, and world views. The core theme and central component of this paper if of course the concept of a cultural taxonomy, the essentials of which we reproduce here, by referencing both our earlier work, and other pre-existing concepts in the field. We of course, then present our proposals namely “Hierarchical analysis” in the context of a cultural taxonomy which is the objective of this paper, and differentiate with from the differentials other ‘Modes of Internal Spread’ of Cultural Elements, a concept that we had mooted earlier. The core downstream uses and objectives of this approach are also discussed in such a way that readers will be able to note the merits of this approach.

Ecolabel persuasion effect across cultures: a comprehensive meta-analysis

PurposeCompanies around the world have included ecolabels as a marketing strategy to convince consumers to choose products with lower environmental impact. However, the literature lacks a consensus on the effectiveness of ecolabels in persuading consumers to choose green products. The present meta-analysis addresses this gap by first evaluating the net persuasion effect of using ecolabels and second by investigating the role of cultural orientations, operationalized at the country level, in this effect.Design/methodology/approachThis cross-cultural meta-analysis analyzed data from 26,116 consumers across 18 countries, encompassing 75 papers published between 1995 and 2023. Univariate and meta-regression analyses were utilized.FindingsThe results demonstrate that the presence (vs absence) of ecolabels has a medium positive persuasion effect. Findings show cultural orientations moderate the persuasion effect of ecolabels in that the effect is stronger in countries with high power distance, individualism, masculinity (motivation towards achievement and success) and uncertainty avoidance orientation, which create contingent conditions to ecolabels’ persuasion. In addition, results show other methodological factors that affect ecolabel persuasion. Contributions and implications of the findings are discussed.Originality/valueThis meta-analysis is distinctive for its global scope, including diverse countries and cultures. It addresses a crucial gap in ecolabel persuasion research, providing insights that reconcile discrepancies in existing studies. It offers practical implications for businesses and policymakers while laying the groundwork for future cross-cultural research in this field.

Unique Food Culture in Thailand

Food culture refers to a special regional society of food farming, eating habits, eating etiquette. Each place, each country has its own unique food culture, Thai food culture is extensive and profound, not only reflected in the taste, aroma, more is reflected in the entire Thai cultural system. Through the introduction of Thailand's climate, agricultural structure, food hobbies, special food, etc., people have a basic understanding of Thai food culture and food preferences, and popularize Thai table manners. It is very important to respect other cultures.

Research and Exploration on Integrating Ideological and Political Education Cases into the Course of Health Preservation

Starting from cultivating students’ patriotism, improving their comprehensive quality, and promoting and inheriting culture, this article elaborates on the necessity of integrating ideological and political teaching cases into the course of Health Preservation. It grasps three aspects: adhering to traditional cultural orientation, focusing on the development of doctors, and studying health preservation classics. It excavates and extracts ideological and political teaching resources from the course, and around the content of Health Preservation, it permeates ideological and political cases such as cultural confidence, medical benevolence, self-cultivation and moral cultivation, humanistic care, and ecological education, and plays the value leading role of the course.

Isolation and characterization of probiotic lactic acid bacteria from local yogurt and development of inulin-based synbiotic yogurt with the isolated bacteria

Synbiotic yogurts can offer several potential benefits due to the combination of yogurts probiotics, prebiotics, and the nutritional qualities of milk. Local yogurt variants might add to the variety of probiotic alternatives because they frequently have distinct microbial communities. Employing indigenous strains not only represents cultural preferences but also increases the probability of obtaining bacteria adapted to the surrounding environment. This study was intended to isolate and characterize potential lactic acid bacterial strains from local yogurt and assess the effectiveness of inulin on the physicochemical and microbiological properties during the fermentation of synbiotic yogurt. A total of eight strains were identified and isolated. Two chosen isolates were combined with inulin at 0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 % concentrations to produce synbiotic yogurts. The physicochemical and microbiological properties were assessed during the fermentation process of synbiotic yogurts. The result showed that the isolated Lactobacillus spp. and Streptococcus spp. strains had probiotic characteristics and good growth. After the fermentation, the yogurt sample containing 1.5 % inulin had the highest count of Lactobacillus spp. (8.17 ± 0.01 log CFU/ml) and Streptococcus spp. (8.03 ± 0.03 log CFU/ml), highest optical density (2.931 ± 0.001), acidity (1.43 ± 0.03), and water-holding capacity (63.54 ± 0.51), and lowest syneresis (34.75 ± 0.48). The addition of inulin did not affect color during the fermentation of synbiotic yogurt. This study concluded that inulin could boost yogurt's stability when combined with local lactic acid bacteria strains.

Assessment and Enhancement of Chinese College Students’ Cross- Cultural Learning Competence Based on BP Neural Network Algorithm

Cross-cultural learning competence, a critical skill in our globally interconnected world, is advanced through the application of the Backpropagation (BP) neural network algorithm. This innovative approach involves leveraging neural network techniques to model and enhance individuals' abilities to navigate and understand diverse cultural contexts. The BP neural network algorithm facilitates personalized learning experiences by adapting to individuals' cultural backgrounds and preferences. This research explores a comprehensive approach for assessing and enhancing cross-cultural learning competence among Chinese college students, integrating the Word Embedding Multilingual Model with the Back Propagation Neural Network (WEMM-BPNN) algorithm. Recognizing the importance of global competencies in higher education, our study focuses on leveraging advanced neural network techniques to evaluate and elevate students' cross-cultural learning abilities. The WEMM-BPNN model combines the power of word embedding and multilingual considerations, tailoring the learning experience to individual cultural backgrounds. Through a meticulous analysis of cross-cultural data and linguistic patterns, the algorithm refines its recommendations for personalized learning strategies. The research aims not only to assess the current state of cross-cultural learning competence but also to provide targeted interventions to enhance students' intercultural understanding and adaptability. By merging linguistic models with neural network algorithms, this study offers a pioneering approach to cultivating cross-cultural competencies, contributing valuable insights to the ongoing discourse on globalized education.

Individualism and stock market participation

ABSTRACT This paper investigates the relation between a cultural orientation toward individualism and household stock market participation. We adopt an epidemiological approach to establish causality. Employing large samples of second-generation immigrants in the U.S. and Europe, we focus on how the cultural heritage of individuals from different origins influences their engagement in stock market participation. To verify this relationship, we utilize data from the the Current Population Survey (CPS) and the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Our findings reveal that immigrants from countries with a stronger individualistic cultural orientation are more likely to participate in the stock market. Furthermore, by leveraging data from the U.S. Census and American Community Survey (ACS), we demonstrate that the positive effect of individualistic cultural heritage is amplified for immigrants whose parents have made significant cultural investments. Additionally, utilizing data from the General Social Survey (GSS) to identify cultural mechanisms, we uncover that individualism culture shapes immigrants’ beliefs by fostering trust and optimism. Overall, our empirical evidence underscores the profound and persistent of culture on household stock market participation.

Leaders in Communicating and Maintaining Sustainable Academic Culture Toward the Top Ten Universities in Indonesia

For universities, leader performance is a determining factor for success. Organizational culture grows with the organization's leaders. In addition, there is a tendency to change the organizational culture perspective towards subjectivism (Clark, Geertz, Schwartz & Ogilvy, Weick). For the University of Lampung (Unila), which was founded in 1965, it turns out that leaders' communication performance under pressure of problems can maintain its academic culture. Initially, this research began with a decrease in Unila's ranking among Indonesian universities in 2019. After conducting the study, two cultural orientations were found, which are being a research university and an educational university. These two value orientations have the power to increase Unila's ranking among universities, as well as becoming a legacy. In 2022 there was a corruption case by university leaders, accepting bribes in admitting new students. The research continues with a focus on how a guided communication culture can maintain Unila's ranking. Data collection was carried out through intensive interviews with the new rector, vice rectors and faculty deans. The results show a picture of typical leader communication patterns, to maintain a sustainable academic culture. First, in the context of recovery, prioritizing internal communication patterns through ritual activities. Second, the slogan “Be Strong” was symbolically proclaimed within the academic community. Third, the communication pattern that is practiced both in the leadership ranks through the division of roles and among all members is to create togetherness, support each other, and reduce structural barriers.

Main historical stages in the field of physical culture and sports management (analysis of the past, present, future forecast)

The article substantiates the need for a theoretical analysis of the main historical stages in the field of industrial management. Attention is focused on the military–applied and professionally applied orientation of physical culture, which has been preserved for more than a century, including the present. In connection with the identified shortcomings, it is proposed to increase the number of hours for teaching basic military training in the form of a separate subject in grades 5–11, as was the case in Soviet secondary schools. Also, approval at the legislative level of the introduction of communicative and digital forms of industrial gymnastics in all organizations, regardless of the types of activities and organizational and legal forms of ownership, as it was during the existence of the Soviet Union. A structural unit of educational organizations is a boarding school with a sports profile, 24 hours a day, accepting children from the age of 7 at the expense of budget funding, as was the case in the USSR. This will make it possible to prepare a reserve for the national teams of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and the country in aesthetic sports, the specificity of which is early specialization. The resulting socio–economic and political circumstances in the early 1990s prompted the emergence of industry–specific sports management and many innovations. But time shows the need to study the past to avoid shortcomings in the present, to use the positive experience of continuity from the Soviet management of physical culture and sports for its application in modern Russia.

Principals’ sense-making and sense-giving of their professional role tensions: School leaders’ professionalism and creative mediation strategies during Covid-19 crisis

School principals are located at the interface between competing demands by a wide spectrum of stakeholders leading to tensions and ambiguities in their role. Understanding principals’ role tensions within organizational and occupational professionalism during Covid-19 crisis is of considerable importance for improving the capacity of school leadership. This qualitative study examines Israeli principals’ considerations and creative mediation strategies while facing competing accountabilities via the theoretical framework of sense-making and sense-giving in times of crisis. Using a collective case study design, data were collected via semi-structured interviews with 16 elementary and high school principals and policy documents, and analyzed thematically via ATLAS.ti software. The analysis surfaced three strategies and two considerations: (1) school leaders’ sense-making processes yielding protective mediation strategies based on retaining moral discretion; and (2) school leaders’ sense-giving processes transferring collaborative and contrived mediation strategies based on establishing the school's moral-professional cultural orientation. The contribution of this study to the research literature suggests contrived mediation as an innovative school leaders’ strategy. We provide practical implications within training and professional development programs for school leaders advocating principalship mentoring valuing uniqueness to experienced and novice principals.

On the Henry James’s Imagination of the Chinese Culture：The Pagoda in The Golden Bowl as an Example

The United States of America in the late 19th and early 20th centuries was a period in which the American nation constructed its own cultural subjectivity. As an important figure in American culture, Henry James created a series of works that focused on the tradition and development of American culture in this process and then played an important role. As a cultural scholar with a global vision, James not only looked at the cultural reality of the United States and Europe, but also did not forget to turn back to the Far East to take a look. His unique and deeply meaningful Oriental imagination is an important reference for us to interpret James's humanistic and cultural outlook. James's cultural attitude toward China in the late 19th century American literature is somewhat unique. He implied his own unique understanding of the oriental culture in his works, as he expressed suspicion, curiosity, and most of all, caution, which reflects James's rigorous cultural concepts and his cosmopolitan cultural thoughts. Because of James's own important position in American cultural history, his attitude is helpful for us to analyze the image of China in American literature and understand American culture at the end of the nineteenth century, as well as the history of cultural exchanges between China and the United States.

Investigating discourse markers “you know” and “I mean” in mediatized English political interviews: a corpus-based comparative study

This study employs a corpus-based approach to examine and compare the use of two discourse markers (DMs), “you know” and “I mean”, within the context of two mediatised English political interviews. The analysis encompasses frequencies, functions, co-occurrences, and positional distributions of these DMs. The study utilizes specialized corpora from two political interview programs: CGTN’s The Point with Liu Xin and BBC’s HARDtalk. The frequency analysis reveals that “you know” is statistically more prevalent than “I mean” in both programs, reflecting the spontaneity, interactivity, and need for clarification characteristic of political interviews. Notably, the Chinese interviewer (IR) uses “you know” more extensively, possibly due to a cultural preference for ensuring mutual understanding and engaging the audience, while the British IR employs “I mean” slightly more frequently, likely reflecting a tendency to clarify or reframe statements for precision. Functionally, these DMs serve diverse purposes such as hedging, agreeing, and monitoring across various domains including interpersonal, sequential, and rhetorical. Positional analysis shows “you know” typically appearing medially and “I mean” often in initial positions. These results underscore the distinctive interviewing styles of the two IRs and the pivotal role of these DMs in fulfilling a spectrum of communicative functions. This research offers valuable insights into the interviewer’s perspective in political interviews.

The predictive effect of cultural orientation and perceived school climate on the formation of teachers’ growth mindsets

This study aimed to examine the predictive effect of cultural orientation and perceived school climate on the formation of teachers’ growth mindsets. A total of 811 middle school teachers (26.88% females; mean age = 29.77) from Shanghai City, mainland China, participated in the study. The growth mindset inventory, Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, and the school-level environment questionnaire were used to assess teachers’ growth mindset beliefs, cultural orientations, and perceptions of school climates, respectively. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were applied to test the hypothesized roles of teachers’ cultural orientations and perceived school climates in predicting the formation of their growth mindsets. Two interesting findings were obtained. First, regarding the effect of cultural orientation, teachers’ growth mindset belief was positively predicted by the Confucian dimension of cultural value in relation to long-term orientation but negatively predicted by the dimensions of power distance and uncertainty avoidance. Second, regarding the predictive effect of school climate, growth mindset was positively predicted by three school climate factors: school resources, decision-making, and instructional innovation. These findings provide empirical evidence for the perspectives of social cognitive theory and cultural and ecological psychology by highlighting the contextual sensitivity of growth mindset formation. These findings also have practical implications because they highlight the need to consider cultural and school climate factors in the promotion of teachers’ growth mindsets.

Parental expressions of love in Chinese American immigrant families: Implications for children's attachment security.

Harlow's seminal work on the nature of attachment focused on the importance of warm, responsive, and loving relationships in children's healthy development. While the need for love and care is arguably universal, the ways in which these emotions are expressed can vary across cultural contexts. We examined how Chinese American parents' expressions of love were associated with children's attachment security. A total of 110 Chinese American immigrant parent-child dyads (children 7-11 years old, 49% girls) participated in 3-min conversations in which parents were instructed to communicate love and care. Proposition-level analyses in speech (total 8825 propositions) identified three types of affection: training (guan and chiao shun); relational affection (qin); and validation (acceptance and encouragement of child's own expression of emotion, thoughts, and behaviors). Higher training was observed in parents with lower American orientation and lower income. Higher relational affection was observed in parents with lower income. Higher validation was observed in parents with higher income. Using path analyses, training and validation were found to be positively associated with children's attachment security beyond parenting styles. Effects of parents' relational affection were moderated by children's American orientation. Results demonstrate how immigrant parents draw on multiple cultural scripts to express love and care. These findings expand traditional concepts of parental love in immigrant families and illustrate how bicultural expressions of love can shape attachment security in middle childhood. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at https://youtu.be/HqUfIDxkFsE RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Analyses of parent-child discussions identified three parental affection styles (i.e., training, relational affection, and validation) as expressions of love and care in Chinese American immigrant families. Training and validation were positively associated withchildren's attachment security. Relational affection was associated with lowerattachment security for children with higher American cultural orientation, suggesting the effects of parent-child expressions of love are shaped by acculturation.