Cultural Heritage Of Humanity Research Articles

Telling Histories: It’s Not About Truth. It’s About Dialogue

ABSTRACT According to the International Committee of Museums (ICOM), museums “preserve show, communicate and promote the understanding of the natural and cultural heritage of humanity.” To achieve this, they need to engage with their audiences and engage in (ongoing) dialogue. Many stories are told with the aim of reaching different publics, different audiences, each with their own themes and interests in history and society. These include narratives created by exhibitions, stories that are passed on by cultural and museum educators, but also narratives of other players in the cultural field. We want to discuss some of these “stories” and how we deal with them in order to clarify our vision of dialogue-centered cultural education work.

A Study on the Characteristics of Traditional Hanji, Xuan Paper, and Washi for UNESCO Registration

Hanji is defined as traditional paper manufactured according to Korea's unique manufacturing technology, using mulberry fiber produced in the Korean peninsula as the main ingredient. Although hanji has excellent characteristics such as preservation and durability and has historical and cultural values, it has not yet been registered as a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, unlike Chinese traditional paper, Xuan paper, and Japanese traditional paper, Washi. In the case of Xuan paper and Washi, it has already been registered as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO and is receiving worldwide attention, and efforts are being made to preserve and inherit paper culture. Therefore, it is judged that Hanji culture needs to be listed on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity to promote the excellence of Hanji, which is a unique heritage of Korea, and to preserve and inherit Hanji culture. Therefore, this study attempted to analyze the characteristics of traditional paper in Korea, China, and Japan, and to prove that Hanji also has unique and excellent characteristics different from Xaun paper and Washi. In order to analyze the characteristics of traditional paper in each country, optical characteristics, intensity characteristics, and surface characteristics were measured. Through this study, it is believed that this study can serve as basic data for the registration of Hanji culture as a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

Mapeamento de danos como ferramenta na manutenção do patrimônio arquitetônico: o caso do Mercado Eufrásio Barbosa

This article aims to propose a method for recording and monitoring pathological manifestations in historic buildings, based on periodic building inspections, mapping and filing of damages. Through the case study carried out at the Eufrásio Barbosa Market, historical centre of the city of Olinda (Brazil) - Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO, where the applicability of the proposed method was validated, using three guidelines to support the methodological steps: identification and knowledge of the building, diagnosis and prioritization of interventions. The results showed the evolution process of the pathological manifestations on the facades of historic buildings, indicating a priority matrix to guide the asset manager in the planning of maintenance, matching the needs of the building and available financial resources. As a contribution, there is the use of the methodological triad, being a version adapted from other authors, assisting in the management of the conservation of the built property, besides the awareness of the need to preserve the architectural heritage.

Percepción de la calidad de los servicios turísticos en áreas rurales: caso Cuenca-Ecuador

The aim of this paper is to analyze the perceptions of the quality of the service of the tourists who visited the rural areas of the city of Cuenca, Ecuador, as a complement to the tourist offer of this destination ‑cultural heritage of humanity‑. A questionnaire with a scale Servqual ‑ Service Quality was obtained from a sample of 326 tourists to measure the quality of tourist services. An Exploratory Factor Analysis (AFE) was applied to determine the dimensions of service quality that collected only the perceptions of the defined elements and a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (AFC) to confirm the factorial structure. The findings show five dimensions of quality: security, tangibility, trust, empathy and capacity, and its factorial structure was corroborated, with an adjustment of the appropriate indices. The study suggests that rural spaces should offer quality in their tourism offer as an attraction for tourists within the destination.

Poetyka polskiego przekładu Genji monogatari, czyli Opowieści o księciu Genjim Murasaki Shikibu

POETICS OF THE FIRST POLISH TRANSLATION OF GENJI MONOGATARI, OR THE TALE OF GENJI BY MURASAKI SHIKIBU: THE TRANSLATOR’S POINT OF VIEW
 The article identifies the most important translation strategies and challenges faced by the translator of the first Polish translation of Genji Monogatari, or The Tale of Genji. The work, written in 1008, is a masterpiece of not only Japanese but also world literature and is widely included in the cultural heritage of humanity. Its author, Murasaki Shikibu (?978-1025 or 1031) is considered a forerunner of modern literary fiction with a profound humanistic approach. The work itself has been translated into modern Japanese and many European languages. Originally written in classical Japanese, it is distinguished by the ambiguity of expression, lexical polysemy, elaborate honorific language, and cultural hermeticism. The author discusses how, in light of the above, the Polish translation will balance the goal of making Murasaki’s work intelligible for the Polish reader with the need of preserving the elements of ‘foreignness’ of the old Japanese culture, for the translation is intended to fulfill not only a mediating and communicative function between Polish and Japanese cultures but also a cognitive one.

한지 유네스코 등재를 위한 한·중·일 전통종이 제작기술 비교연구

The purpose of this paper is to provide baseline data that can be used for inclusion in the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity of Korea's Hanji culture and to suggest directions for its implementation. To this end, Xuan paper and Washi, which were registered on the Representative List of UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2009 and 2014, were investigated. The contents of the investigation include the origin, Historicity, raw materials, and manufacturing process of paper making. In addition, prior research was conducted through interviews and field visits. In addition, the origin and historicity of Hanji was verified through ancient documents and relics. And it has been investigated that traditional Hanji’s culture is an intangible cultural heritage that has been maintained, protected, inherited and developed. Finally, the development of traditional Hanji’s culture and the direction to be taken were presented. Therefore, it is expected that this study can be used as a research material for the inclusion of Hanji as a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

Analysis of Service Quality in the Restaurant Sector in the State of Tlaxcala Using The Servqual Model

The restaurant industry in Mexico generates a great economic benefit, especially Mexican food that generates a great impact worldwide due to the fact that it was named by UNESCO in 2010 as a cultural heritage of humanity, it is a recognition and an obligation of conservation. It is important to consider maintaining a good quality of service and timely detect areas of opportunity. If you want to improve the Mexican food restaurant sector, you have to start, in the first place, by addressing all the problems that commonly arise in establishments on a daily basis. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the perception and expectations of customers and identify the factors that impact the quality of the service received, taking the servqual model as a reference and thus propose initiatives to improve the quality of service in food restaurants. mexicana from the central zone of the state of Tlaxcala. The research focuses on the analysis of the quality of 4 Mexican food restaurants in the state of Tlaxcala located in the municipalities of; Apizaco, Chiautempan and Tlaxcala Capital, of which 60 surveys were applied to find out their expectations and perceptions. The research focuses on the analysis of the quality of 4 Mexican food restaurants in the state of Tlaxcala located in the municipalities of; Apizaco, Chiautempan and Tlaxcala Capital, of which 60 surveys were applied to find out their expectations and perceptions. The results showed negative gaps, the most critical variables regarding the differences between what the client expects and what he really receives are; responsiveness and empathy, however the differences are not so significant since most of the clients interviewed are satisfied with the service received.

The Sustainable Development of Intangible Cultural Heritage with AI: Cantonese Opera Singing Genre Classification Based on CoGCNet Model in China

Chinese Cantonese opera, a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) of Humanity, has faced a series of development problems due to diversified entertainment and emerging cultures. While, the management on Cantonese opera data in a scientific manner is conducive to the sustainable development of ICH. Therefore, in this study, a scientific and standardized audio database dedicated to Cantonese opera is established, and a classification method for Cantonese opera singing genres based on the Cantonese opera Genre Classification Networks (CoGCNet) model is proposed given the similarity of the rhythm characteristics of different Cantonese opera singing genres. The original signal of Cantonese opera singing is pre-processed to obtain the Mel-Frequency Cepstrum as the input of the model. The cascade fusion CNN combines each segment’s shallow and deep features; the double-layer LSTM and CNN hybrid network enhance the contextual relevance between signals. This achieves intelligent classification management of Cantonese opera data, meanwhile effectively solving the problem that existing methods are difficult to classify accurately. Experimental results on the customized Cantonese opera dataset show that the method has high classification accuracy with 95.69% Precision, 95.58% Recall and 95.60% F1 value, and the overall performance is better than that of the commonly used neural network models. In addition, this method also provides a new feasible idea for the sustainable development of the study on the singing characteristics of the Cantonese opera genres.

Illustrious visitors to the world nature heritage: seabird strandings in the Ilha Grande bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Seabirds use the extensive Brazilian coast as a migratory corridor where they explore resources for food and reproduction. The south coast of the State of Rio de Janeiro has hundreds of islands that are habitats for several species of seabirds. In this study, we analyze the abundance, richness and seasonality of birds stranded in Ilha Grande Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, an important natural and cultural heritage of humanity. The stranding record data were obtained during 5 years of beach monitoring (2016-2021), a total of 18.7 km of coastline and over 220 km (including islands and beaches outside regular monitoring). Most of the birds were found alive and sent for rehabilitation. A total of 268 seabird strandings were recorded, belonging to five orders, eight families and 19 species. Most strandings occurred in winter, with the most frequent species being Spheniscus magellanicus, Fregata magnificens and Sula leucogaster. Most species are seasonally without stranding pattern, with only six species being added throughout the annual cycle. Ilha Grande Bay is an important tourist pole in Brazil and knowledge of the diversity and dynamics of seabirds in the region can contribute to species management and conservation plans, in addition to potentialize the implementation of environmental tourism objectives and sustainable exploration of natural resources.

From Unicorns to Lipizzan Horses. Romanian Folklore Studies on the Way to the Implementation of the UNESCO 2003 Convention

Abstract As a country officially engaged in the intangible cultural heritage (hereafter ICH) inventorying and other safeguarding mechanisms of the UNESCO 2003 Convention, Romania provides an example of how folklorists strive to transcend the traditional rules of their discipline and to adapt their methodology and overview to supporting the implementation of the Convention. Starting from the recent Romanian contribution to the multinational file for inscribing the “Lipizzan horse breeding traditions” on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, this paper highlights the counterbalancing influences encountered during this process. Given the distance between this ICH element and the topoi that stand in the mainstream of Romanian folklore studies, the author will provide arguments for considering horse husbandry as a worthy example of living heritage in Romania, ensuring visibility to this tradition in a context dominated by the definition of folklore as an artistic or expressive phenomenon that is being (re)presented as ICH and less by folklife and aesthetic social and cultural manifestations. Using other examples of Romanian living heritage less visible at the level of scholarly and policy initiatives, the author pleads for a middle ground between traditional folklore studies and the theory and current practices of documenting living heritage. The topic may thus contribute to greater efforts to break the old rules of the discipline, turning experts’ eyes from mythological horses to real ones.

Analysis of the Santa Isabel de las Lajas Municipality in the Cienfuegos Province of the Republic of Cuba, for a local development proposal based on tourism

In the present investigation a socioeconomic analysis and regional study was carried out in the Santa Isabel de las Lajas municipality of the Republic of Cuba, with the purpose of observing the economic relevance of the tourist connection of this town with the city of Cienfuegos, cataloged the latter, Cultural heritage of humanity in 2005. The theoretical framework used is that of Regional Development, from the perspective of the school of Enrique Gallicchio Pagani and the research approach used is that of Participatory Action Research. For which we worked with the model proposed by Martí Olivé in his book “Research - participatory action. Structure and phases”. The analyzed data were obtained through surveys of the local population and interviews with local actors and the municipal government. Finally, the findings of the research and the conclusions of the work are presented.

Transformative Possibilities of Pedagogics for Christian Leadership in Higher Education – a South African Practical Theology Perspective

ABSTRACT A contextual analysis of contemporary challenges is framed in terms of the concept “wounds of humanity”, followed by a proposed Christian religious leadership pedagogy to deal with these wounds. The notion of subversive education and a new prospect for leadership education will be illuminated. Furthermore, an educational praxis is sought to teach leaders the disposition for ethical-justice and peace, followed by a proposal for a new cultural heritage of humanity; namely, the quest for a true humanity as our collective destiny.

Evaluation of microbiological air parameters and the fungal community involved in the potential risks of biodeterioration in a cultural heritage of humanity, Ouro Preto, Brazil.

The research of the microbiological air quality of a building considered a human historical and cultural heritage site by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization is fundamental for preventive conservation action, mainly because it identifies cultivable fungal species around the collections and suggests the appropriate treatment choice. This study investigated the air microbiological parameters inside the Nossa Senhora da Conceição Church and identified the population of airborne fungi. Sixty filamentous fungal isolates were detected with ten distinct taxa. The counts of colony forming units (CFUs) performed at 10 different points were in accordance with Brazilian legislation. In addition, the presence of two fungal species was detected colonizing artworks covered with gold leaves: Cladosporium cladosporioides and Aspergillus versicolor. Air quality monitoring inside the church was in accordance with the required Brazilian legislation standards. The composition of the filamentous fungal community included the presence of human fungal pathogens; for this reason, the use of personal protective equipment was recommended during the restoration work. Thus, characterization of the air microbiological parameters helps to preserve not only the building's collection, but also the health of the faithful, conservators-restorers, tourists, and researchers.

THE ART OF THE BLOUSE WITH EMBROIDERY ON THE SHOULDER (ALTIȚĂ) – AN ELEMENT OF CULTURAL IDENTITY (proposed for the registration in the representative list of the intangible cultural heritage of humanity UNESCO)

Within the identity processes that nowadays occur in our cultural area, society invests many practical and symbolic significances in the traditional blouse with embroidery on the shoulder, which is the most representative item of the traditional costume. Its high prestige and national value served as motivation for recommending The Art of the traditional blouse with embroidery on the shoulder (altiță) – an element of cultural identity of Romania and the Republic of Moldova, for inscription on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. The UNESCO perspective on the intangible cultural heritage regards the living state of elements, the responsibility assumed by bearer communities, by state institutions and civil society, offering as well new research visions for the academic communities. The paper proposes an outline of the problems of the domain from this perspective.

한산모시와 에치고조후·오지야치지미 제직 비교

Mosi is ramie in Korea and jofu is the one in Japan. ‘Weaving of Mosi(fine ramie) in the Hansan region’ is registered as Intangible Cultural Heritage and the techniques preserved. Ojiya-chijimi, Echigo-jofu also same in Japan. Both are UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. The materials same but the process and the final result are different. Main difference is that Hansan Mosi weaves no pattern, it’s either natural or white plain weave. Whereas Echigo-jofu mainly weaves stripes or kasuri with delicate patterns, Ojiya-chijimi has overall wrinkle surface due to high twist applied on weft ramie threads. Hansan Mosi focuses on making delicate threads with special tools and all possible methods to present clean and half transparent ramie surface, the technique level required without twist as bast fiber for weaving is high. Due to applied twist, Echigo-jofu·Ojiya-chijimi threads preparation becomes to have silk threads characters after twist process. Both weaving culture face difficulties in transmit the techniques to next generation thus have special programme of weaving, this study includes how they make efforts to preserve and transmit and the main differences between the programmes. Hansan educate overall process from fiber extraction to weaving, focusing on modified modern type loom. Echigo-jofu·Ojiya-chijimi devide process into threads making, Kasuri pattern course and weaving course with traditional loom.

From a Shepherd’s Hut to the Presidential Palace. Contribution to the 15th Anniversary of the proclamation of the Fujara as UNESCO Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity

Abstract The fujara became the first element of Slovakia’s traditional music culture proclaimed as Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity in 2005 and automatically incorporated in the UNESCO Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2008. I was a member of the team that prepared the application documents and witnessed debates among fujara players on what this event would mean for the fujara and its music. The expectations of the performers, instrument makers, and other fans of the fujara were ambiguous. After 15 years since the proclamation, there is an opportunity to show what has happened with the fujara and to what extent their visions have been fulfilled. In this context, the text reflects on important contemporary events related to the life of the fujara: changes in the making technology, unification of its acoustic and intonation features, new ways of its use, presentation of this instrument in the media, as well as processes of a socio-cultural nature focused on the community of fujara players, the education of young performers, and the perception of the fujara in today’s society.

EVOLUÇÃO, TIPOLOGIA DE SISTEMAS DE PRODUÇÃO E ESTRATÉGIAS DE DESENVOLVIMENTO AGRÍCOLA

O desenvolvimento da agricultura faz emergir a diversidade de sistemas de produção. Diante disso, realizou-se o diagnóstico da agricultura do município de São Miguel das Missões, RS, que abriga o sítio arqueológico São Miguel Arcanjo, patrimônio cultural da humanidade. Estudou-se a evolução da agricultura, o zoneamento agroecológico, a caracterização dos sistemas de produção e a definição de estratégicas de desenvolvimento. Realizaram-se quarenta e cinco entrevistas semiestruturadas junto a unidades de produção no primeiro e segundo semestres de 2017. Foram utilizados, também, mapas temáticos e dados secundários. As unidades de produção familiar, com menos de 50 hectares, representam 76,4% dos estabelecimentos e ocupam 13,13% da área, enquanto as unidades de produção com mais de 200 hectares representam 9%, mas detém 68,5% da área agrícola. A agricultura evoluiu em cinco períodos de acordo com fatos ecológicos, técnicos e socioeconômicos, porém possui uma experiência de mais de duzentos anos de criação de bovinos de corte. Foram identificados catorze tipos de sistemas de produção, que representam a diversidade técnica e socioeconômica da agricultura. Entre os tipos, três são caracterizados como patronais de grande porte, seis patronais e familiares de médio porte e cinco tipos de agricultores familiares de pequeno porte. Dois tipos de agricultores familiares de pequeno porte não atingem o nível de reprodução social e um tipo pecuarista familiar encontra dificuldade de se viabilizar. Estes tipos deveriam ser prioridades de políticas públicas para auxiliar na superação de seus entraves de desenvolvimento.

Antibacterial activities of synthesised Zno nanoparticles applied on reactive dyed batik fabrics

Batik is an Indonesian traditional cloth which has been recognised as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO for more than a decade. Batik cloth is popular among Indonesian people for daily use, both for formal and informal occasions. Commonly, batik cloth is made from cotton, which has many advantages, however prone to bacterial growth, particularly in the tropical climate. Therefore, it is important to develop batik cloth with antibacterial properties. The antibacterial properties of batik cloth were achieved by applying ZnO nanoparticles as antibacterial agent. The nanoparticles were synthesised using precipitation-sonication method. The formed ZnO nanoparticles were in an average particle size of 54.76 nm and 99.77% ZnO content. The batik making process utilized a synthetic reactive dye of remazol-turquoise blue. The effect of process sequence, the level of antibacterial properties, the morphology of the ZnO coated fabric, and the effect of the application of nanoparticle on the dyeing process were investigated. The results showed that ZnO nanoparticle application on the batik fabric led to antibacterial properties. The process sequences in adding the ZnO nanoparticles were confirmed to significantly affect the antibacterial effectivity and the colour strength. The application of ZnO nanoparticles did not affect the colour fastness to washing as the test showed similar value to that of without ZnO treatment. In addition, the application of ZnO nanoparticles affects the mechanical properties by increasing the tensile strength and decreasing the elongation at break. The application of ZnO after batik making process was shown to have a greater effect on the mechanical properties.

La atribución política de valores al Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial: los tribunales consuetudinarios

En el año 2009 la UNESCO incluyó el Tribunal de las Aguas de Valencia y el de Hombres Buenos de Murcia en la Lista Representativa del Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial de la Humanidad. Ambas instituciones de derecho consuetudinario fueron reconocidas a través de la más elevada categoría de protección inmaterial a nivel internacional. A lo largo de las últimas décadas se han emitido resoluciones consultivas (culturales, jurídicas) y desarrollado una agenda de investigación que suscitan el interés por el análisis de los valores atribuidos o atribuibles a ciertas manifestaciones culturales (materiales o inmateriales) cuya apelación serviría a los actores sociales y políticos para justificar su reconocimiento y protección como patrimonio inmaterial (García, 1999; Riegl, 1999; Maxon, 2000; Szmelte, 2013; Cejudo, 2014). La conceptualización del patrimonio cultural inmaterial se entendería como una construcción social que se realiza a través de la atribución de significado y puesta en valor de una manifestación cultural concreta del pasado que sigue viva y disponga de vocación de futuro. De esta forma, la investigación lleva a cabo el análisis de los valores (histórico, jurídico, medioambiental, de consenso, democrático e identitario) susceptibles de ser apelados y atribuidos a las instituciones de derecho consuetudinario como Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial (PCI).

Conservation and Use of Latin American Maize Diversity: Pillar of Nutrition Security and Cultural Heritage of Humanity

Latin America is the center of domestication and diversity of maize, the second most cultivated crop worldwide. In this region, maize landraces are fundamental for food security, livelihoods, and culture. Nevertheless, genetic erosion (i.e., the loss of genetic diversity and variation in a crop) threatens the continued cultivation and in situ conservation of landrace diversity that is crucial to climate change adaptation and diverse uses of maize. We provide an overview of maize diversity in Latin America before discussing factors associated with persistence of large in situ maize diversity, causes for maize landrace abandonment by farmers, and strategies to enhance the cultivation of landraces. Among other factors, maize diversity is linked with: (1) small-holder farming, (2) the production of traditional food products, (3) traditional cropping systems, (4) cultivation in marginal areas, and (5) retention of control over the production system by the farmers. On the other hand, genetic erosion is associated with substitution of landraces with hybrid varieties or cash crops, and partial (off-farm labor) or complete migration to urban areas. Continued cultivation, and therefore on-farm conservation of genetic diversity held in maize landraces, can be encouraged by creating or strengthening market opportunities that make the cultivation of landraces and open pollinated varieties (OPVs) more profitable for farmers, supporting breeding programs that prioritize improvement of landraces and their special traits, and increasing the access to quality germplasm of landraces and landrace-derived OPVs.