Cultural Heritage Attractions Research Articles

Cultural heritage sports tourism design opportunities: a bibliometric analysis

The development of cultural heritage sports tourism requires collaboration from the government, communities around cultural heritage, academics, and stakeholders. The implementation of cultural heritage sports tourism has been carried out by many researchers around the world. This research was conducted to provide a review of cultural heritage tourism that has been carried out and to find out future research gaps related to cultural heritage sports tourism. Harzing's publish or perish software, Mendeley Desktop, and VosViewer were used to sort and identify gaps in this research. A total of 1069 articles from 2014 to 2024 from the Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases were reviewed according to a predetermined review. The review included cluster information, impact factors, types of activities, research findings, and gaps for future research. The results showed that there were eight cluster groups in the resulting analysis with seven keywords that had a high impact factor. The keywords that have high impact factors are revisiting intention, digitalization, game-based learning, location-based applications, surveys, circular economy, and immersive technologies. The findings in this study are that the development of cultural heritage attractions needs to consider visitor expectations, the content presented, government involvement, and promotion. The development of cultural heritage sports tourism has great potential. Keywords: bibliometric analysis, sport tourism, cultural heritage, future research

Determining the drivers of sustainable ecotourism destination competitiveness from a supply-side perspective: a case of UNESCO World Heritage Site in Sarawak, Borneo, Malaysia

Over the last decade, a new segment of the tourism market has been established following the shift in global visitors’ preferences. Individuals have directed their travel course towards another form of travel, namely ecotourism. Nonetheless, the sustainability and progression of ecotourism destinations are often debated. This study involves local industry players’ perspectives, primarily to identify their perceptions towards the impacts of destination core and supporting resources on destination marketing efforts and destination competitiveness (DC). This study gathered 132 valid responses and the proposed model was evaluated using SmartPLS 4.0. Through partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM), the findings showed that core resources (natural resources and cultural heritage attraction) have substantial positive associations with destination marketing efforts. Supporting resources (tourism infrastructure and quality of tourism services) were found to be significantly and positively associated with DC. Interestingly, this study has revealed the absence of significant relationships between destination marketing efforts and ecotourism DC. These findings enable tourism practitioners to better understand the impacts of resources on sustainable development of ecotourism competitiveness, specifically from suppliers’ perspectives. The implications are further discussed in the paper.

Exploring Tourist Flow Patterns through Geotagged Social Media Data: A Case Study from Sri Lanka

Tourism studies often rely on conventional methods such as interviews and site-specific surveys to collect data on tourist behaviour, mobility patterns, and preferences. However, these methods can be expensive, time-consuming, and limited in scope. Additionally, accurately tracing tourist travel paths can be challenging due to recall bias. Recently, user generated content on social media platforms have emerged as an alternative data source in tourism studies. In this study, we used geotagged posts on Flickr to understand the dominant paths taken by inbound tourists in Sri Lanka. The methodology consisted of three steps. First, geotagged photographs were collected from the Flickr API spanning a ten-year period, from 2012 to 2022. These photographs included metadata such as user ID, the timestamp of photo capture, and geo coordinates indicating where the photo was taken. Second, a density-based clustering algorithm was utilized to identify tourist hotspots. Finally, the Markov Chain model was employed to calculate transition probabilities among different attractions, revealing dominant travel routes within the country. Study’s findings indicate that Cultural heritage attractions were the most popular, comprising 55% of all attractions identified by the algorithm, and are particularly popular in districts such as Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa, Matale, Kandy, and Galle. Nature-based attractions, constituting 37% of the total, were mainly located in Nuwara Eliya and Badulla Districts, as well as Yala National Park in Hambantota District. For coastal tourism, Galle and Matara Districts were the top preferences. The analysis confirms dominant travel patterns between North Central, Central, and Southwest coast regions. Notably, Galle, Kandy, Matale, Matara, Nuwara Eliya, and Colombo attract tourists from a more diverse array of regions compared to other districts in the country, showcasing their significance as tourist hubs. The study findings highlight opportunities in Jaffna for cultural-heritage tourism, the Eastern coast for coastal tourism, and the central highlands for tea tourism. It also emphasizes the need to develop the less-visited natural sites to ease pressure on popular National Parks. This research's significance lies in its contribution to informed decision-making and the sustainable management of tourist destinations. By understanding tourist mobility patterns and identifying popular attractions through social media data, policymakers can effectively manipulate visitor flows and mitigate excessive tourist pressure, while preserving the authenticity and allure of these destinations.
 
 Keywords: Sustainable tourism, Geotagged photographs, Social media, Tourist mobility, Flickr

CULTURE TOURISM IN GAZİANTEP AND ITS SURROUNDING AREA

This study named Culture Tourism in Gaziantep and its immediate environment, contains historical and cultural attractions that create the basis of culture tourism in Gaziantep and the presentation possibilities to the tourist with respect to gradually developing understanding of tourism. Therefore, as an alternative tourism type, culture tourism, is a kind of tourism experienced on cultural resources, and its main motivation is to see and know new places, to learn new things and the most important is that, it creates a need for gaining new experiences to participate in cultural facilities. In this study, available cultural and historical attractions in Gaziantep province in South-Eastern Anatolia region are emphasised. In this respect, historical and cultural heritage attractions, in Gaziantep province, which still continue to exist and belong to Hittite, Med, Assyria, Persian, Iskender, Seleskos, Roman, Byzantine, Islamic-Arabic and Islamic-Turkish culture are explained. Moreover, attractions are categorized under 5 different main subject areas such as historically, prehistorically, archeologically, military and religion. Later, the tourism capacity of the examination area is emphasised and in the last part of the study general suggestions on the improvement and organization of cultural tourism are given. KEY WORDS: Gaziantep, Tourism, Culture Tourism, Tourists, Attractions

Revisiting perceived determinants of tourism destination competitiveness among tourists: The case of national parks in Sarawak, Malaysia

The present study aims to widen the existing literature by discovering potential determining factors at selected ecotourism destinations, primarily involving Bako, Niah, Kubah, Gunung Gading and Gunung Mulu National Parks. A closed questionnaire was answered by 188 respondents. Preliminary analyses were performed and partial least square structural equation modeling was employed as the analytical measure, thus discovering the significant role of destination resource constructs in the enhancement of ecotourism competitiveness in Sarawak, Malaysia. The statistical findings of the current work revealed that endowed resources (natural resources and cultural heritage attractions), created resources (range of activities) as well as supporting resources (destination accessibility and quality of tourism services) lead to enhanced tourism destination competitiveness. The research adds to the growing body of knowledge examining the perspectives of tourists towards the determining factors of destination competitiveness, while providing meaningful insights for industry actors, thus enabling effective planning of management and development. The present work offers empirical evidence that gives information for industry stakeholders, including business operators, policy makers and tourism planners in order for natural tourism destinations to prosper.

Development of Eco-Friendly Travel Patterns based on Cultural Heritage Attractions in the City of Bandung

Global tourism developments tend to empower the use of more environmentally friendly transportation, and tourist demand for quality tourism products is increasing. Cultural Heritage Objects are unique tourist objects, therefore, they must be managed, preserved, and utilized for the greatest prosperity of the people. The city of Bandung has a variety of fresh cultural and environmental heritage objects so that it has the potential to become an eco-friendly tourist destination. This paper aims to explain how to take advantage of cultural heritage objects as tourist attractions through the development of travel patterns using eco-friendly transportation. Data collection techniques use action research with a qualitative approach as a framework and analysis. The development of eco-friendly tourism patterns in the city of Bandung is a strategic step in the utilization of cultural heritage objects by adhering to the concept of sustainable tourism.

Sustainable Promotion of Traditional Rural Buildings as Built Heritage Attractions: A Heritage Interpretation Methodology Applied in South Italy

The study describes the methodology implemented to include a rural cultural heritage attraction within an existing tourist route, i.e., the Sicilian Roads of Wine (“Strade del vino”). The aim was to promote a traditional rural building (TRB) as a tourist attraction and diversify rural tourism offerings. By promoting TRB and wine and food, the rural tourism sector offers a significant opportunity to achieve sustainable socio-economic development in rural areas, rural diversification, and landscape preservation. The inclusion of the TRB within the visitor route is based on a detailed heritage analysis approach as an operative process which could enable the comprehension and collective use of the cultural sites. The valorization of a traditional rural building with wine cellars and oil mills, located within the Chiaramonte Gulfi (RG) boundary, will be described. The objective is to make an architectural heritage building made with local materials and following the traditional Sicilian building techniques accessible to tourists. Special attention is paid to restore the building by respecting its identity and relevant building regulations and focusing on a complete, sustainable approach regarding social, environmental, and economic factors.

INTENTIONS AND MOTIVATIONS TO REVISIT NATURAL HERITAGE SITES

In the current context, which determines a rather cautious consumption behavior for tourism products/services in Romania and around the world, tourists intentions to revisit some destinations take on a special significance for tourism organizations. Tourist destinations proposed to consumers increasingly include natural and cultural heritage attractions, places that offer many opportunities, more safety for visitors in post-pandemic conditions, activities that take place in the open air, with more space for them. An effective marketing communication of tourism organizations will increase the attractiveness of tourist destinations, of natural heritage, promoting the benefits of this type of tourist product, will generate a favorable image in the minds of consumers as well as intentions to revisit in the future. Tourists seek to identify, choose and finally make a decision to visit a destination that provides as much of what they want from travel, where they have something to see, attractive tourist experiences both in terms of the beauty of the landscapes and natural attractions. The study aims to identify influences on the intentions to revisit tourist destinations. Based on exploratory research of literature and descriptive research, in a marketing approach, the study brings to attention the need to know, understand and fructify the attitudes and behaviors of consumers of tourism services, their intentions and motivations to revisit tourist destinations. Given that tourists have access to information and benefit from more and more information about natural heritage sites, they will be motivated to plan periods of time and resources to revisit the tourist destination for relaxation and recreation. Intentions to revisit some tourist destinations are manifested as a result of consumer satisfaction, even in the conditions of new possible travels to other attractive tourist areas.

A business model innovation methodology for implementing digital interpretation experiences in European cultural heritage attractions

ABSTRACT The paper proposes a business model innovation (BMI) methodology for cultural heritage (CH) sites that are implementing digital technology in their visitor journey. Technologies such as virtual and augmented reality are increasingly popular in the cultural and heritage tourism sector, offering providers new tools to present and curate heritage content, and visitors new modes to interpret and engage with a site’s features. Despite its popularity, few studies have focused on the organisational changes that take place as digital technologies are implemented, that is, changes in the way heritage sites propose, co-create, and capture value from the innovation. As such, the paper investigates the process of innovation in the business model of heritage sites, namely in terms of value proposition, storytelling, mediation tools, service delivery, and value capture. Based on the study of 12 CH sites in France and the United Kingdom, the main components and stages of innovation are discussed, alongside issues and implications. In doing so, existent BMI frameworks are extended to detail innovation processes driven by new digital interpretation. Furthermore, the paper offers a practical methodology to assist heritage site managers in assessing and guiding organisational innovation while undergoing digital innovation. Avenues for further research are identified.

Inventarisasi dan Identifikasi Objek Daya Tarik Wisata dalam Perencanaan Pariwisata Wakatobi

Wakatobi's prestige has recently dimmed compared to other similar tourism areas in Indonesia. Carrying the theme of a real underwater paradise in the center of the world's coral triangle, it is sometimes slipped by local people as hell on land. The cause of this phenomenon is the lack of understanding on the power of objects, especially objects in terrestrial areas, whereas tourists who come to Wakatobi spend time not only under the sea, but also more time on land. The aims of this study were to provide information about tourist attractions in Wakatobi in terms of originality, authenticity, uniqueness, diversity, and beauty. Data and information were collected by means of document searches and interviews with key informants. The result showed that Wakatobi cannot be viewed as just one place but the four major islands that compose it. In general, natural, historical, and cultural tourism are spread throughout the islands in Wakatobi. Icons that can be highlighted as strengths of each of the four main islands include dolphin migration attraction in Wangi-Wangi, historical and cultural heritage attractions, especially the Lariangi Dance in Kaledupa, underwater beauty in Tomia, and geological landscape of the rock garden in Binongko. All tourist attractions in Wakatobi shall be connected with the strengthening of infrastructure, which currently seems to be concentrated in the capital only.

Sektor turystyczny w Polsce w przededniu i obliczu pandemii COVID-19

On a global scale, the travel and tourism sector is the part of the economy that has been notably severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. This article presents the state of the tourism sector in Poland on the eve and in the first year of this pandemic. First, key definitions were briefly discussed as a foundation for tourism policy. The defined terms include the following: tourism, visitor, hiker, tourist, international (incoming) and domestic tourism, tourism sector, invisible export industry, tourist accommodation facility, tourist attraction. Then, data on international and domestic tourism in Poland just before the COVID-19 pandemic was presented, including the number of tourists served by the Polish tourism sector. The tourist attractiveness of Poland, the base of accommodation facilities, the share of tourism in Poland’s GDP and national employment were discussed. Poland’s flagship tourist attractions in 2019 were presented, among which the most important are cultural heritage attractions, sacred places and natural heritage. The issue of the COVID-19 pandemic was presented and on its background scenarios developed by the UNCTAD for the tourism sector related to travel restrictions introduced in response to the pandemic. Declines in tourism indicators between 2019 and 2020 were presented. Next, the strategy of the middle was characterized as a method used in the anti-crisis policy in the tourism sector, and the middle scenario that emerged in the Polish tourism sector in the first pandemic year is indicated.

Travel Bubble and Virtual Tourism Strategies to Increase Tourist Visits

Purpose: The purpose of the research is to find out the application of the Travel Bubble Strategy and Virtual Tour Package in order to increase tourist visits. The research was conducted in the Ex-Residency of Surakarta which includes the city of Solo, 6 Regencies (Boyolali, Karanganyar, Klaten, Sragen, Sukoharjo and Wonogiri). which have museums and heritage of international standard. Research Methodology: In qualitative research design, data is presented descriptively qualitatively and interpretatively. The data needed are primary data and secondary data. Data collection methods, observation and interviews, and involving informants. Data description is supported by the review of several documents, literature and related records, documentation in the form of photos or video recordings about the object of research to complete data analysis. Results: There are 2 strategies, namely Travel Bubble and Virtual Tourism to increase tourist visits to Museum and Cultural Heritage Attractions, during a pandemic that doesn't know when it will end. Limitations: The research was conducted for museums and cultural heritage that have been developed, and are known by domestic and foreign tourists. Various tourist attractions that have been developed by the region have not been offered by specialized tourist agents. Contributions: The use of travel bubble strategies and virtual tourism is one solution so that tourism activities continue to run even though there is still a threat of the covid-19 pandemic. The lives of people who depend on tourism businesses can continue well.

ENDOWED AND CREATED RESOURCES TOWARDS ECOTOURISM COMPETITIVENESS: NATURAL PROTECTED AREAS IN SARAWAK

The richness of natural areas in Malaysia leads ecotourism to become one of the rapidly growing industries within the nation. The present study aims to discover the impacts of endowed and created resources on ecotourism competitiveness from both domestic and international tourists’ perspectives. 189 respondents had completed the questionnaire and WarpPLS 6.0 was used to test the model created. The results revealed that endowed resources (e.g. natural resources and cultural heritage attraction) are positively and significantly correlated to ecotourism competitiveness. Surprisingly, created resources (e.g. tourism infrastructure and range of activities) were observed to have no significant relationship with ecotourism competitiveness.

Augmented Reality Gaming as a Tool for Subjectivizing Visitor Experience at Cultural Heritage Locations—Case Lights On!

This article discusses an augmented reality game as a way of subjectivizing visitor experience at cultural heritage locations. The text describes the starting point, development aims, and some initial user data of the Lights On! game while contextualizing the game's development with relevant discussion concerning the use of ludic and narrative augmented reality elements in enhancing the experience of place at historical sites. The initial user data were collected via an in-app questionnaire and learning diaries. The results indicate that the game was well suited for children, whose imaginations were stirred by gaming on-location at the sites. It seems that with an appropriate implementation, an AR game can offer visitors an alternative way of experiencing cultural heritage attractions that creates significant added value to the user.

EVOLUTION AND DIVERSIFICATION OF MUSEUM FUNCTIONS: A REFLECTION OF MARKET DEMAND IN PENANG, MALAYSIA

Changes in human values and technological advancements have led to the reinvention of museum interpretation. Studies have shown that the transformation of museums’ functions and emerging typology of museums occur globally. Initially, museums’ function was to educate society and preserve artefacts for public access, but nowadays, museums have expanded their functions and have become market driven. The increasing number of museum establishments in George Town, Penang has mixed impacts to the curatorship and interpretation of museums. The strategic location of George Town, Penang, its branding as a World Heritage Site, cultural heritage attractions, and local values have gained popularity as a touristic destination. Museums and galleries are the top attractions reviewed by users in TripAdvisor. This article investigates the transformation of functions and typology of museums on the basis of the top 20 museums in Penang listed in TripAdvisor. Content analysis from the secondary data was conducted to establish the pattern and trends of museums’ diversification in Penang. Findings revealed that the diversification of museums in Penang has expanded from histories such as natural, science, human, and art to history and art, technology, and specialty. Considering that George Town has been nominated as a World Heritage Site, museums have become consumer oriented, and private ownership and collaborative partnership have grown drastically. This study contributes by showing that the diversification of museums’ function enhances creativity to meet future needs.

PERSEPSI PENGUNJUNG MENGENAI DAYA TARIK DAN HARAPAN TERHADAP KAWASAN BRAGA, BANDUNG


 
 
 Title: Visitor Perception about Attraction and Expectation of Braga Area, Bandung
 Bandung as a popular city for travelers has a variety of attractions, ranging from natural to cultural heritage tourism. One of the areas that designated as cultural heritage attractions in Bandung is the Braga area. Historical buildings in this area can be recognized by the art deco architectural style on the facade of the building. As time goes by, the city of Bandung start to develop, followed by the appearance of new buildings in several regions including the Braga area. This study aims to identify the attractiveness and expectations of the Braga area according to visitors' perceptions. The research used qualitative method by collecting data using surveys in the form of online questionnaires that were distributed freely (snowball-non-random sampling), while the data analysis used content analysis. The results of the study revealed that there were three patterns of perception between attraction and expectation of the Braga region, namely Braga as a cultural heritage area, entertainment area, and circulation pathways.
 
 

Extending and adapting the concept of quality management for museums and cultural heritage attractions: A comparative study of southern European cultural heritage managers' perceptions

Quality in cultural heritage attractions is mainly approached from the visitors' satisfaction perspective, and the literature does not contain a clear definition of quality in the management of cultural heritage sites open to the public. The present study aims to reframe this trend. By way of theoretical contribution, we propose a definition of quality in cultural heritage attractions management based on dimensions such as the capacity of preserving the cultural assets, the ability to communicate effectively their significance, the quality of commodification for visitor use, and the ability to boost intercultural competence and promote intercultural dialogue. Based on the above, an empirical, qualitative study was conducted on the cultural heritage managers' current perceptions of quality. The results suggest that a profound asymmetry exists among practitioners' opinions and practices, and four types of cultural heritage managers were defined with regard to their perception of quality: Reactionary, Reticent, Pragmatic, Enthusiastic.

The Influence of Mixed Reality on Satisfaction and Brand Loyalty in Cultural Heritage Attractions: A Brand Equity Perspective

Mixed reality technology is being increasingly used in cultural heritage attractions to enhance visitors’ experiences. However, how the characteristics of mixed reality affect satisfaction and brand loyalty has not been explored in previous research. The purpose of this study is to identify factors affecting satisfaction with mixed reality experiences at cultural and artistic visitor attractions and their influence on brand loyalty, which is connected with management performance. We propose a theoretical model based on brand equity theory in the context of mixed reality experience. Survey data were gathered from 251 respondents visiting a cultural and artistic visitor attraction in Seoul, Korea, using a stratified sampling method. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed for the data analysis. The results suggest that the characteristics of mixed reality (interactivity, vividness) not only influence the affective aspects (perceived immersion, perceived enjoyment) of visitors’ experiences, but also positively affect brand awareness, brand association, and brand loyalty.

Fine-Grained Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Inbound Tourists Based on Geotagged Photos: A Case Study in Beijing, China

The aim of this study was to provide scientific support for the creation of policy on inbound tourism. A comprehensive and thorough understanding of fine-grained spatiotemporal dynamic patterns is crucial for tourism management, planning and policymaking. In spite of spatiotemporal pattern analysis on tourism movements, environment- and society-related topics have been developed to stimulate tourism. However, few studies have focused on the fine-grained spatiotemporal analysis of tourist behavior. Depending on a fine-grained Flickr data source, we investigated the spatiotemporal dynamic patterns of inbound tourism in the context of fine granularity in the spatial and temporal dimensions. The proposed approach based on fine-grained Flickr data and the emerging spatiotemporal analysis method was to first conduct a refined temporal variation analysis based on the annual, monthly, and daily variation; second, a thorough analysis of the seasonality of tourism was conducted with the kernel density estimation (KDE) method; third, the correlation between the attraction grade and popularity was complementarily exploited with both qualitative and quantitative methods; and finally, the patterns were identified and visualized with the space-time cube in the context of fine granularity. The results from the analysis revealed that the downtown region of Beijing was the most popular place throughout the year due to the many famous Chinese cultural heritage attractions. In contrast, the landscape sites and thematic parks were nearly cold spots because of their strong seasonality. Our approach can also be applied to other crowdsourced data, such as that from Twitter and Instagram. Spatiotemporal analysis and empirical research have interesting implications for other cities in China or other developing countries.

Я.Дашкевич та І.Калинець: парадигма духовного діалогу як архетип формування аксіологічних засад культурологічної компетентності сучасних студентів

Дослідження пов’язане із пошуком інноваційних педагогічних засобів системного формування аксіологічних засад у парадигмі становлення особистості сучасного студента як важливий компонент культурологічної компетентності. У статті подано наукове обґрунтування вивчення дискурсу творчого діалогу Ірини Калинець та Ярослава Дашкевича та їх роль у формуванні загальнокультурної компетентності як парадигми професійного становлення сучасного фахівця. Досліджуються особливості шляхів впровадження культурологічної підготовки у навчально-виховний процес закладів вищої освіти. Частково обгрунтовано варіативні технології забезпечення основ культурологічної підготовки майбутніх професіоналів-фахівців.На прикладі вивчення творчого діалогу Ірини Калинець та Ярослава Дашкевича розглядається проблема аксіологічної складової у системі професійної освіти студентів. Досліджуються концептуальні аксіологічні засади творчого діалогу Ірини Калинець та Ярослава Дашкевича на новітньому рівні розвитку інноваційних педагогічних засад, що дозволяє по-новому осмислити проблему співвіднесення розвитку людської індивідуальності і світу. Розглядається роль аксіологічних засад, які сприяють формуванню якісно нового фахівця; становленню взаєморозуміння між людськими індивідуальностями.Досліджується стратегія виховання молоді в дусі збереження, примноження культурологічного спадку, пізнання й усвідомлення й залучення до загальнолюдських цінностей, що вимагає від педагогів високого рівня ерудиції, загальної культури, здатності до самоосвіти, самовиховання та педагогічного хисту, фахової компетентності осо-бистості, яка є носієм і транслятором вартостей духовної культури. Дані концептуальні принципи дозволяють витворювати відповідний навчально-виховний культурологічний феномен сучасної освіти. Досліджуються аксіологічні засади культурології як фактор забезпечення соціальної стійкості системи відносин людини і суспільства, людини й інших людей, що ефективно впливає на формування свідомості, самосвідомості, соціально-професійних якостей особистості.