Cultural Export Research Articles

The Trend and Reasons for the Shift of Korean Dramas from Romantic Themes to Realistic Themes

In recent times, there has been a shift in the manifestations of Korean popular films and television works. With the advent of globalization, the impact and influence of streaming media and transcultural communications have surpassed traditional methods. Additionally, the dynamics between male and female characters in Korean dramas have undergone changes. Against this backdrop, this study explores how local TV dramas, promoted by Netflix, successfully transcend national boundaries while preserving their distinct cultural identity. To accomplish this objective, the study focuses on the Korean drama The Glory, which gained significant popularity on Netflix in the previous year. Through detailed analysis and examination, this paper sheds light on the strategies employed by these dramas to navigate the global market while maintaining their unique characteristics. At the same time, this paper also provides experience and a new direction for Chinas cultural export to the world. By relying on film and television works and combining Chinese cultural symbols with the local social and cultural background, Chinese drama can weaken the cultural discount brought by different cultural backgrounds.

Hallyu and FDI: the growth of South Korea’s investment in Indonesia’s cultural content industry

This article was published open access under a CC BY licence: https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/The popularity of Korean dramas and pop music, known asHallyuor the Korean Wave, has positively impacted South Korea’s tourism and cultural exports. Nevertheless, studies about Korean foreign direct investment (FDI) associated with theHallyuphenomenon are still scarce. Thus, this study attempts to investigate Korean FDI that flows to Indonesia under such a phenomenon. Data was collected through documents and relevant video reviews which was then followed by a key informant interview. The findings showed that the rising trend of Korean pop music in Indonesia has gradually stimulated Korean investors to invest in industries promoting the transmittedHallyuculture, such as broadcasting, TV and video production, sound recording and music publishing. Despite the amount of investment remaining lower than in the heavy and manufacturing industries, the study indicates an increase in Korean FDI in Indonesia’s content industries due to the high demand for Korean cultural content and the country’s ongoing bilateral commitment to South Korea. This study adds to our understanding of how global familiarity with a cultural phenomenon may affect FDI inflows to the country from which that phenomenon originates.

English's expanding linguistic foothold in K-pop lyrics

Korean popular music (K-pop) has expanded its cultural reach among Western audiences over the past 20 years (Lie, 2015), and groups like BTS and BLACKPINK have achieved unprecedented global success recently (McIntyre, 2022). As K-pop evolves into a global cultural export, scholars have paid more attention to the code-mixing of English within its lyrics (Yeo, 2018; Ahn, 2021).

Research on Innovation of Music Teaching Management Mode in Chinese Universities under Cultural Hegemony

With the expansion of cultural globalization in modern times, some Western countries, under their strong military and economic strength, have implemented cultural hegemony employing cultural export and cultural penetration. For example, music education in Chinese universities has been influenced by the hegemonic culture; even more, the music education model in China has been totally Westernized which has caused a huge impact on the ideology, music culture view, and music knowledge system of music majors in universities, and directly led to the students’ misjudgment of the value of Chinese traditional music. This paper discusses and analyzes the macro policy, management mode, curriculum, and selection of teaching materials of the existing music education system in Chinese universities to point out the shortcomings of this system and the consequences of allowing the shortcomings to develop; discusses the relationship between professional music education in Chinese universities and social music culture, the role of education in the transmission of traditional music culture, and how to deal with issues such as the relationship between multiculturalism and traditional music culture. This paper will also explore how to integrate traditional music culture into existing music education from the theoretical level, explain the theoretical and practical foundation for constructing a new teaching management model, propose curriculum standards, course nature, ideas, and thoughts for building a traditional music education system in universities, and make practical suggestions for teaching and inheriting traditional music culture based on practice and theory.

A Study on the Translation Strategies of Chinese Culture-loaded Words: Taking the Subtitle Translation of the Film " Big Fish& Begonia " as an Example

Chinese animation film originated in the 20th century, and after a difficult process of exploration, it gradually developed in the 21st century. It is well known that film is one of the most widespread and influential art forms, and Chinese animated films are, as a rule, more loaded with numerous traditional Chinese cultural elements than ordinary films. Therefore, launching Chinese movies out of China is an effective way to spread China's excellent traditional culture, translation of culturally loaded words in movie subtitles determines whether the cultural export will be successful. On this premise, this paper will take the Chinese animated film Big Fish & Begonia as an example, analyze the translation strategies of culturally loaded words in the context of the characteristics of subtitle translation, summarize the desirable features of the translation strategies adopted, and at the same time point out the shortcomings and propose modifications to inspire the use of culturally loaded words translation strategies in the subtitles of Chinese animated films in the future, to promote the dissemination of excellent Chinese traditional culture.

A Comparison of the English Subtitles of The Wandering Earth Series from the Perspective of Sociological Translation Studies

As a social practice activity affected by many social and cultural factors, the subjective initiative of social roles, accumulated capital and habits will affect the dissemination of translation products. In 1972, Holmes proposed to promote function-oriented descriptive translation research, and explore the phenomenon of translation within the framework of sociology. Sociological translation studies construct a system based on the core three elements of Bourdieu's sociological theorycapital, field, and habit, and explore the different roles played by actors in social practice. The popularity of the 2019 and 2023 Spring Festival movie series The Wandering Earth had aroused peoples attention to Chinese science fiction movies. This movie series is based on the short novel of the same name published in 2000 by Liu Cixin, a new generation of Chinese science fiction novelists. The films were translated into English and released in overseas theaters. This article will take the subtitle translation of the series as the starting point from the perspective of sociological translation studies, take culture and market as the two general directions, and explore the changes and reasons for the subtitle translation of The Wandering Earth I and II. This study finds that the subtitle quality of the Wandering Earth series of movies has improved significantly. The change is mainly related to China's cultural self-confidence, cultural export policy support and market attraction in recent years. The sociological perspective of this study compensates for the theoretical singularity of most subtitle translation studies, and improves the objectivity of the research mechanism, which can promote the diversification of other translation studies. At the same time, it also helps more films improve their own translation quality, achieve a win-win situation of going abroad and achieving commercial value and cultural output.

"Singular Plurality": Settler Colonial Transcendence and Canada's 2021 Guest-of-Honour Campaign at the Frankfurt Book Fair

Abstract: Building on recent scholarship on the role of the Frankfurt Book Fair in contemporary book culture, this paper looks at FBM2021, Canada's guest-of-honour campaign for the 2021 Frankfurt Book Fair. FBM2021's brand, "Singular Plurality," depended on Indigenous authors and their writing to signify the post-reconciliation eclecticism that is at the heart of Canadian Heritage's current cultural export strategy. The sign of reconciliation—part of a settler strategy that Lowman and Barker identify as transcendence ––is particularly treacherous in this context because it folds Indigenous writers and their work into a creative-economy logic that depends on cultural diversity as a unifying sign, while actively suppressing questions regarding Indigenous sovereignty. We argue that the campaign's silencing of questions of production is the motor of transcendence . Drawing on a survey we conducted with Indigenous-owned publishers in Canada, we attend to the unique needs of Indigenous-owned publishers to make visible the fact that reconciliation is not simply a matter of culture; it is at the same time always a matter of political and economic sovereignty.

The international marketing strategy of Korea's Hybe Corporation and its implications to Chinese entertainment companies

With the continuous development of economic globalization, foreign trade has brought unprecedented opportunities, and the exchange and dissemination of different cultures have become increasingly important in international trade. Since the rise of South Korea's entertainment culture in the 1990s, it has taken less than a decade for Korean dramas, fashionable clothing and other popular cultures to become "popular in Asia" and "popular around the world". In recent years, Korea's Hybe Corporation broke the pattern of YG, SM, and JYP which are Korea's three major entertainment companies, jumped to become the fourth largest Korean entertainment company giant. Its strong cultural output has led to the extraordinary influence of Korean pop culture on a global scope. From the perspective of international marketing strategy, this paper introduces the development status of Hybe Corporation through PEST analysis and 4P marketing theory, so as to inspire Chinese entertainment companies to keep pace with the times and promote the export of Chinese culture.

Reciprocity and asymmetry in digital diplomacy: Geopolitics of national identity in South Korea–Japan and South Korea–US relations

AbstractAn emerging line of research has drawn attention to the significance of national identity in shaping digital diplomatic practices. In this study, we look at the reciprocal construction of national identity on Twitter by corresponding foreign missions. Specifically, we examine one year of Twitter posts from the South Korean missions in Japan and the United States as well as the reciprocal missions of Japan and the United States in South Korea. Our study indicates that tweets from the Korea–US dyad reproduce the two nations as allies, even as the United States is constructed as the “big brother” to Korea's “little brother,” while the Korea–Japan dyad enacts and reinforces an adversarial relationship. Tweets from all four embassies reflect deep‐rooted national aspirations: Japan's hope to be accepted as morally superior to Korea, the US interest in maintaining its position as a global leader, and Korea's desire for international ascendance through economic and cultural export. We find that reciprocal identity construction is most evident in the text of the tweets but not so much in the use of Twitter's visual and interactional features. Going beyond reciprocity, our analysis sheds light on to how tweeting practices reproduce asymmetries of power in the international order.

Debating the “Chineseness” of a mobile game in online communities

After its global popularity and commercial success, Genshin Impact, a Chinese-developed, Japanese anime-style mobile game, provokes online discussions on whether such a game of cultural hybridity exemplifies “authentic Chineseness.” Based on online ethnography in the fan communities, this article investigates a two-year debate on whether GI should be considered a symbol of China’s “cultural export” to other countries. It reveals that players construct multiple meanings of authentic Chineseness, including GI’s integration of Chinese cultural elements, telling “the China story,” and its patriotism and “political correctness” in China. This article contributes to the project of de-westernizing cultural studies by revealing how the meanings of cultural authenticity are constructed in a Global South context. Moreover, players situate “Chineseness” in the power relations among China, Japan, and the West, and associate cultural appropriation in the increasing hybridization process with global soft power competition. It reveals that the construction of cultural authenticity as a relational concept is shaped by others defined in a contingent, contextual, and multilateral way, and that the construction process is conditioned by domestic and international power relations, thus contributing to the project of going beyond dichotomous thinking in cultural studies.

In Search of Green Men

In Explore Green Men (Heart of Albion Press, 2008) the British scholar Mercia MacDermott provided one of the most important and serious works on foliate-human iconography, which has become widely known in common parlance as the Green Man. She graciously agreed to let us reprint the chapter ‘Triple Hares and the Green Men: The Indian Connection’ along with a significantly shortened version of her introductory chapter, ‘In Search of Green Men’. Her introduction provides an important background for understanding Green Man research. The reprinted chapter suggests that Green Man iconography originated in India and subsequently journeyed to Europe with the Vikings. Because two of the articles in this issue of the JSRNC focus on such iconography in Norway, MacDermott’s proposal provides an essential baseline for exploring whether the Green Man was originally a cultural export that journeyed to Europe on a Viking ship. MacDermott’s niece, Dr. Gwen Adshead, assisted us with the editing of the article republished here; she can be contacted at Gwen.Adshead@westlondon.nhs.uk.

On Foreignization’s Contribution to Spreading Chinese Language and Culture in Pearl S. Buck’s All Men Are Brothers

Nowadays, “Spreading China’s voice and telling Chinese stories” is a trend and the translation involving Chinese cultural publicity becomes a focus of domestic translation work. The use of foreignization strategy is conducive to the export of source language and culture. With the cultural turn of translation, especially in translation involving cultural factors, foreignization plays an increasingly important role in translation. As one of the four classics, Shui Hu Zhuan is publicly regarded as a masterpiece with great achievement both in the Chinese “good fellow” culture and typical Chinese language features. Amid translation versions of this book, Pearl S. Buck’s All Men Are Brothers is highly praised for spreading Chinese language and culture with foreignization strategy. Typical cases are chosen from Shui Hu Zhuan and its translation All Men Are Brothers to research foreignization strategy’s contribution to spreading Chinese language and culture abroad.

Exploring the Global Influence of the United States: A Brief Insight

In the aftermath of WWII, the United States emerged as a predominant global power and exerted its influence in various domains including politics, economics, and security. This paper provides an overview of the United States' ascent to global prominence, examining key events such as establishing the Bretton Woods system, forming international institutions like the United Nations, and implementing the Marshall Plan. By analyzing these historical milestones, it is aimed to shed light on how the United States shaped the post-World War II global order. Through a concise and informative lens, this paper explores the far-reaching impact of American policies, alliances, and cultural exports on the international stage. The significance of this paper is contributed by the comprehensive understanding of the historical events that propelled the United States to become the influential power it is today.

The popularity of Korean romance novels in contemporary China: A feminist interpretation

AbstractThis essay deals with Korean romance novels translated into Chinese, especially the works of Kim Ha‐in and Guiyeoni which forms a pattern of cross‐cultural communication from the marginal culture to the center. Most studies treat them as an aspect of fast‐food culture that undermines serious literature, with little attention to this literary and cultural phenomenon. Why are Korean romance novels so popular in contemporary China? There are some answers from different perspectives. However, it is obvious that Korean romance novels offered Chinese women the opportunity to reconceptualize gender. This article contributes to criticism on the interface between Korean romance novels and Chinese feminism and further unveils the relationship between Korean popular romance novels and new interpretations of femininity in contemporary China. The success of Korean romance novels benefits from the conscious choice of Chinese readers in the cross‐cultural context, influenced by changes in Chinese women's concept of gender. The response to the aesthetic needs and expectations of readers has prompted the appearance of inverted cultural export, wherein such novels influence other cultures, reflecting upon and even challenging the gender concepts of other countries, which manifests the symbiotic relationship between popular literature and feminism.

Research on the Export Strategy of Chinese Culture on TikTok Platform

With the strengthening of our comprehensive strength, in the background of the development of economic globalization, the spread of culture is also an indispensable part of improving the power of national discourse. We not only need to continue to inherit and develop our own culture, but also need to export our culture to international platforms, so that a wider audience can understand our culture. Meanwhile, with the rapid development of economy, the leisure time of the public is gradually fragmented, and the demand for entertainment is also changing imperceptibly.However, although TikTok is widely accepted by overseas users, there are still defects in the transmission of Chinese culture-related content. Problems such as the quality of Chinese culture-related videos and the differences between Chinese and foreign cultures have led to the limitation of cultural output on short video platforms everywhere, and there is still a lack of key strategies to break the situation. This paper starts with the current status of TikTok's overseas development, refers to the literature studies of many scholars, analyzes the shortcomings of its current cultural output, and finds out possible breakthrough strategies to provide opportunities for the export of Chinese culture on overseas platforms.

New Ideas on Overseas Transmission of Chinese Movies: A Case Study of the Wandering Earth

With the enhancement of hard power, China now needs to promote international cultural communication, when movie makes up an important part of it. This article will try to provide new ideas for exporting Chinese culture in the new era by exploring reasons for the successful spread of the movie The Wandering Earth overseas. There are two main reasons for the success of The Wandering Earth abroad. Firstly, the movie sticks to Chinas original traditional values. Secondly, the movie correctly applies the empathy strategy. Two suggestions for Chinese cultural exports can therefore be drawn: the first is to establish cultural confidence and dare to export Chinas own fruit of thoughts in international cultural transmission; the second is to soften political tone through negotiated decoding and emphasize the role of secondary transmission.

THE PROBLEM OF THE “CHINESE THREAT” AND THE INFLUENCE OF CHINA’S “SOFT POWER” ON THE SHAPING OF THE STATE’S FOREIGN POLICY

Along with the growth of economic power, China is gaining more and more influence in the world. Nevertheless, we can say that the distribution and export of foreign culture in China is relatively insufficient. The emergence of Confucius Institutes built bridges between Chinese culture and other states. The article focuses on the role of Confucius Institutes in improving the image and soft power of China. Confucius Institute has become a pioneer in the dissemination of traditional Chinese culture due to its significant value and significance, achieving the transmission and promotion of excellent traditional Chinese culture, completing the exchange and sharing of various cultures and improving its own system of cultural development, achieving its goals through scientific management and functioning beyond expectations, as well as allowing the international community to understand the deeper subtext of Chinese culture.

Modeling Analysis of User Consumption Data of Internet Culture Industry in the Context of Emerging Technologies

Abstract In the context of the prosperity of the Internet economy and the progress of the cultural industry, the Internet cultural industry is expanding in a big way based on the economic development of the cultural industry, supported by the Internet technology platform and serving the cultural and spiritual experience of consumers. The Internet cultural industry is gradually becoming the backbone of the country’s comprehensive strength for the amount. The Internet to boost the development of China’s cultural industry and cultural export to the outside has become a general trend. In 2018 China’s Internet cultural industry added value accounted for the first time exceeded 3 trillion of GDP, and the added value of the Internet cultural industry in 2021 further increased to 6.63% of GDP. Thus, it can be seen that the share of Wen Internet culture industry in China’s GDP is a steady upward trend and the future development is clear. This paper uses the vector autoregressive model to model and analyze the cultural consumption data of Internet users, and the analysis results show that in 2021, China’s Internet cultural consumption mainly tends to music and video, games, literature, animation, and online cultural content information services in five areas, among which games account for 36.52% of the total Internet cultural consumption. Due to the improvement of China’s comprehensive strength, the difference in CPI of Internet culture consumption between urban and rural groups in China is 11, and the gap is gradually narrowing, and the countryside will be a big new market in the future. The Internet group culture user group as a whole tends to be younger, with the student group accounting for 26% of the user group. Based on the analysis of this study, it is concluded that Internet cultural consumption tends to be young, cultural innovation is the main driving force to promote consumption, and future development is unstoppable.

Hungarian-Romanian transcultural relations during the Middle Ages and the reformation

AbstractIt was in the Latin-language historical literature of medieval and Renaissance Hungary that the noble ideology was first formulated which has determined the discourse on Hungarian national and literary consciousness up to the present day. These chronicles, however, contain a great deal of information not only about the Hungarians, but also about the peoples who lived alongside them. Thus, Romanians are also important figures in this Latin-language historical literature. In the first part of this study we will discuss the depiction of the Romanians in Anonymus' and Simon Kézai's Chronicles, the Illustrated Chronicle and Antonio Bonfini's monumental work. In the second part of the study I will describe the influence of the Hungarian Reformation literature of the 16th and 17th centuries on Romanian literature. From a Hungarian perspective, the Romanian Reformation is worth studying because it is a clear demonstration of Hungarian “cultural imperialism” in the 16th to 18th centuries, so much so that Hungarian culture has been unable to repeat cultural export on such a scale ever since. This means that between 1540 and 1750 there was no other language into which so many Hungarian-language ecclesiastical works (catechisms, psalms, hymns, postulates, agendas, piety works) were translated as Romanian. In other words, no other culture has been so powerfully influenced by a Hungarian impact as was Romanian culture during these two centuries.

Marketing of games--Take Genshin Impact for example

Genshin impact is an open-world game that was released in September 2020 and has attracted a lot of foreign fans in the months since its launch. It has been included in the list of national key cultural export projects and is a successful case of Chinese cultural export. This article focuses on the capabilities of Genshin Impact's operating company and why the game is so popular with gamers. A game and its company are not perfect, so this article will also mention the problems of game promotion, solutions and suggestions. Now Chinese culture is going to the world, more and more people like Chinese culture and want to know more about Chinese culture. Therefore, this paper also discusses the cultural exchange and cultural transmission in Genshin. Combined with the epidemic situation in the world and considering that many people are unable to travel, this game shows the characteristics of combining culture and travel on the whole.