Cultural Empathy Research Articles

Blossoms Shanghai as a Carrier of Memory: The “Construction” and “Function” of Collective Memory

Blossoms Shanghai meticulously depicts Shanghai in the 1990s, illustrating the construction and function of collective memory, revealing how memory is activated and reproduced in media. The series not only recreates the lifestyle details and social changes in Shanghai post-reform and opening-up but also constructs the audience’s collective imagination of the past through specific narrative techniques and visual styles, merging individual memory with collective memory to form a widely shared social framework. This process introduces the concepts of “memory glimmer” and “prosthetic memory,” deepening the understanding of the interaction between individual and collective memory. These concepts show how the triggering of details and the recreation of historical contexts enhance emotional resonance and memory activation among viewers. Simultaneously, Blossoms Shanghai demonstrates the function of collective memory in maintaining social stability and integration, reinforcing social identity and cultural empathy among viewers by presenting shared cultural heritage and regional characteristics. This is crucial for understanding the role of collective memory in shaping social identity and cultural continuity.

Self-initiated expatriates in China: multicultural personality traits, frequency of interaction and host country nationals’ satisfaction with SIE performance

Drawing from socioanalytic theory and intergroup contact hypothesis, this study investigates the relationship across self-initiated expatriates’ (SIEs’) multicultural personality traits and host country nationals’ (HCNs’) satisfaction with SIE performance in China. Findings based on dyadic matched data from 101 SIEs and HCN co-workers suggest that four of the multicultural personality traits (cultural empathy, flexibility, social initiative, emotional stability) are positively related to HCNs’ satisfaction with SIE performance. Only SIEs’ open-mindedness did not exert an influence on HCNs’ satisfaction with SIE performance. Furthermore, frequency of interaction between the SIE and their HCN co-worker moderated the relation between two of the multicultural personality traits (cultural empathy, emotional stability) and the outcome variable. Analyses imply that if frequency of interaction is low, cultural empathy and emotional stability exert a stronger influence on HCNs’ satisfaction with SIE performance. Our findings contribute to the existing literature by providing deeper insights into the dynamics of expatriate personality and working conditions and how they inform HCNs’ satisfaction with SIE performance.

Understanding the interrelations between cultural empathy, intercultural communication competence, and the psychosocial adjustment of international students in Canada: A longitudinal examination

International education offers transformative potential for personal and professional growth. Yet, navigating a new culture can be challenging due to language barriers and cultural differences. This longitudinal research delves into the potential of cultural empathy in promoting adjustment-related well-being of international students, particularly through enhancing their intercultural communication competence (ICC). Drawing upon the Process Model of Intercultural Competence and the Integrated Model of Intercultural Communication Competence, the current study (1) examines the interrelations of English Proficiency, Behavioral Flexibility, Ease of Interactions, Communication Effectiveness, and Communication Appropriateness as factors underlying a higher-order construct of communicative competence; and (2) explores the cross-temporal associations between cultural empathy, the five factors of ICC, and the psychosocial adjustment of international students to their host country. Students from a western Canadian university (N = 213) participated in the current study, who were surveyed three times over a 7-month period. The findings from confirmatory factor analysis underscore the integral role of interaction comfort, as well as effective and appropriate intercultural communication in fostering ICC. The random-intercept cross-lagged panel models reveal differential associations between cultural empathy, psychosocial adjustment, and the ICC factors, highlighting the merits of examining ICC in its constituent elements, as well as the importance of harbouring empathic, effective, and appropriate intercultural communication in cultivating positive intercultural experiences for international students. Together, the present findings provide insights for (1) advancing research on intercultural competence, and (2) developing initiatives in building a more empathic and inclusive global community that welcomes and supports international students in their sojourn.

Moroccan Secondary School Teachers’ Perspectives Towards Jewish Cultural Elements During the Gaza Conflict: A Descriptive Analysis

This study explores the attitudes and perceptions of Moroccan secondary school teachers towards Jewish cultural elements during the Gaza Conflict, offering a descriptive analysis to elucidate their perspectives within the broader socio-political context. By exploring their viewpoints, this research has aimed to contribute to a deeper understanding of the complexities surrounding cultural integration and sensitivity within the educational landscape of Morocco, particularly in light of the ongoing conflict in Gaza. The participants of this study were 50 secondary school teachers from the Casablanca-Settat region, who primarily teach social studies subjects including Arabic, English, French, Islamic education, history and geography. Structured questionnaires were the primary technique of data collection. A quantitative approach was adopted, and the data were analysed using SPSS statistical methods. The study's results show a diverse range of perspectives, with 60% exhibiting favourable views and 30% reflecting negative sentiments. Teachers are observed to have a level of awareness regarding the historical contributions of Moroccan Jews. However, it is crucial to implement targeted interventions for the 16% who are less familiar with this topic. These findings emphasize the importance of adopting comprehensive educational strategies to address knowledge gaps and promote cultural empathy, particularly in the context of ongoing tensions.

CONTEXTUALIZED MODULE IN LAGUNA FESTIVAL DANCES IN ENHANCING STUDENT LEARNING COMPETENCIES AND PERFORMANCE

The main goal of this study was to examine effectiveness of the contextualized module in laguna festival dances in enhancing student learning competencies and performance. Particularly, this would determine the level of validity of the component and features of the contextualized module in festival dances. Also, this would like to identify the student’s learning competencies and performance. Moreover, it sought to prove the significant differences on student’s performance in formative and summative as well as the effect of component and features of festival dances on student’s competencies. This study used a descriptive method in collecting and gathering data. To gather data, the researcher utilized a self-made questionnaire and served as the primary tool distributed among 80 Grade 7 students. Statistical analyses included calculating the mean, standard deviation, frequency, percentage, t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient to assess hypotheses. From the data analysis of the study, it was found that the physical education students perceived the components of contextualized module in festival dances was very high. Also, students perceived the features of module in festival dances as very high and the students rated very high in level of student’s learning competencies. The students showed fairy satisfactory on their level of performance in terms formative while the students showed excellent performance on their summative assessment. Moreover, it was evident that the student’s performance showed significant difference from formative evaluation to summative evaluations. the objectives contextualized learning module showed importance in shaping two of the student’s competency namely cultural empathy and sensitivity as well as well as the cross-cultural collaboration while the majority of the components and features showed no significant. Based on the research finding, it can be concluded that the performance of student’s showed significant differences between formative and summative test results thus signified the rejection of hypothesis as the student’s performance in written examination increased after being exposed in the curriculum delivery through the utilization of contextualized module. The contextualized module showed no significant effects of variables. Since majority of the variables of the components and features of contextualized modules showed no significant effect in student competency thus signified acceptance of the hypothesis. The students enhanced their positive attitude in consideration of other’s ideas, opinion, and practices as they shared expertise in their academic requirement upon understanding the lesson goals and outcome of the discussion. The following recommendations were forwarded: The school may utilize the contextualized module and may practice the use of formative and summative assessment constantly. Also, The teachers may design contextualized learning module, design culminating activities and expose learners to different contextualized learning materials to maintain excellent performance in physical education. The future researchers are advised to study more cultural dances in the different municipality of laguna and its effects to student’s holistic development.

A Systematic Literatur Review: Factors Affecting of Expat Employee Performance

This literature research effectively found 10 pertinent studies that were taken from papers that were indexed in Scopus (Q1-Q4) using the PRISMA guidelines. Using the Watase Uake program, this analysis classified the themes and demonstrated how the emergent themes were related to one another. The results of this systematic literature review show that several factors affect their performance, including learning orientation, positive affectivity, boundaryless mindset, trust and organizational support, personality and emotional intelligence and cross-cultural competence which includes cultural intelligence and cultural empathy. In addition to these various factors, it also requires cultural adjustment or expatriates adjustment which can be interpreted as an effort from both parties, namely expatriates and the company concerned in reducing cultural and environmental barriers with pro-active efforts from both. Good adjustment skills are required by an expatriate

Delving into Cultural Immersion: Enhancing Empathy and Attachment in Creative Cultural Tourism in Thailand

ABSTRACT This study examined the interplay between cultural immersion, personal expressiveness, and perceived enjoyment, and their collective influence on 780 Thai tourists’ cultural empathy and place attachment with creative cultural destinations in Khon Kaen within the past three months, from 2022–2023, via structural equation modeling. The results revealed a significant relationship between cultural immersion and perceived enjoyment mediated by personal expressiveness: a key mechanism that shaped tourists’ cultural empathy and place attachment. The results may inform the development of enhanced services, foster tourists’ enriched travel experiences, cultivate cultural empathy, and strengthen attachment.

Developing a Cross-Cultural Competence Scale for Pre-Service Teachers: A Filipino Case Study

As classrooms grow increasingly diverse, cross-cultural competence (CCC) becomes imperative for pre-service teachers to create inclusive, equitable learning environments. Hence, this study focuses on developing a cross-cultural competence scale specifically for pre-service teachers that highlights the dynamic nature of education and the need to foster inclusivity amid increasing classroom diversity, aiming to address gaps concerning assessment tools dedicated explicitly for pre-service teachers. Exploratory factor analysis of an initial 29-item scale assessing knowledge, teaching flexibility, willingness to engage students, and cultural empathy administered to 109 Filipino pre-service teachers' responses ultimately yielded a 22-item, two-factor structure with sound psychometric properties: "Attitudes Toward Culturally Diverse Students" and "Cultural Knowledge and Teaching Flexibility." The factors align well with the conceptual domains of cognitive, affective, and psychomotor learning. This research significantly contributes a contextualized CCC instrument that enhances multicultural education and evaluates pre-service teachers' readiness for diverse classrooms, aligning with the educational dynamic imperative. In summary, this research makes an invaluable contribution to teacher training and multicultural education by developing a targeted and rigorously validated assessment tool.

Cultural Empathy and Jarring Trauma in the Color of Our Sky: A Study of Cultural Trauma and Collective Identity

Cultural Empathy and Jarring Trauma in the Color of Our Sky: A Study of Cultural Trauma and Collective Identity

THE IMPACT OF COMMUNICATION ON LEADERSHIP: A SIGNIFICANT REVIEW

Leadership is vital for organizational growth, necessitating examination of core competencies like communication enabling effective leadership especially in turbulent times. This review consolidates research on linkages between leadership communication and emergent leadership outcomes. While predominant focus remains leader-centric, literature reveals complex bidirectional communication flows across hierarchical levels influencing leadership effectiveness and acceptance. However, consolidated clarity regarding distinguishing facets of communication fundamental for impactful leadership remains lacking. This significant review synthesizes multi-level research connecting communication behaviors and processes with leadership emergence and performance spanning interpersonal, team and organizational contexts via conceptual analysis. A framework integrating competencies characterizing distinguished leader-communicators is also put forth based on evidence aggregated. Analysis points to key aspects ranging from conveying cultural empathy to elevating collective identity through inclusive discourse that distinguished leadership communication fundamentally binds leadership vision to contextual interactions driving performance. Findings also critically highlight need for added communication dimensions encompassing restorative justice where adversity erodes leader legitimacy. This seminal review definitively puts forth communication as the core binding element flowing through formal and informal leadership development conduits that ultimately nourishes organizational resilience fit to navigate unprecedented turbulence. The integrated framework crystallizes distinguished communication-based leadership competencies redressing complex sociotechnical mechanisms that can unambiguously advance scholarship and practice on optimizing human centered, ethical and digitally-enabled leader messaging crucial for collective advancement.

Multicultural personality traits of Chinese university students and their effects on the psychological adjustment in the aftermath of COVID-19 in Shanghai: a scale validation.

This study aims to explore Chinese university students' multicultural personalities and examine how they predict the psychological adjustment of students in Shanghai. In addition, the validation of Multicultural Personality Questionnaire Short Form (MPQ-SF) scale developed to assess the multicultural personality traits of individuals is also aimed in Chinese context. Data were collected after the psychological stresses from restrictions imposed by COVID-19 in China that influenced life adjustments for nearly three years. A total of 1,099 university students participated in this multi-stage study. First, the Chinese version of MPQ-SF (MPQ-SF-C) was developed and validated. The impact of MPQ-SF-C dimensions was then tested through path analysis to establish the effects of Chinese university students' multicultural personality traits on their psychological adjustment using the Schwartz Outcome Scale (SOS-10). The MPQ-SF-C yielded a five-factor solution which accounted for 60.14% of the common variance. The findings indicated that cultural empathy (β = 0.23, p < 0.05), certainty seeking (β = 0.13, p < 0.05), open-mindedness (β = 0.48, p < 0.05), and emotional stability (β = 0.24, p < 0.05) had significant influences on adjustment. Only flexibility was found to have a statistically insignificant impact on adjustment at this time in this context. MPQ-SF-C and SOS-10 scales represented very good psychometric properties in terms of their reliability and validity. The MPQ-SF-C shows good psychometric properties and appropriateness for evaluating multicultural personalities in Chinese contexts. The multicultural personality characteristics of university students using this scale well predicted their psychological adjustment.

Culture of patient care among international nursing students: a focused ethnographic study

BackgroundThis study was conducted to describe and explain the culture of patient care in international nursing students.MethodsThis qualitative study was conducted using focused ethnography. Participants (n = 21) were purposefully selected from non-Iranian international students and their nursing instructors. Data collection included semi-structured interviews, and field-note taking. Data were analyzed with the Roper and Shapira inductive approach of ethnographic content analysis.ResultsThe cultural model of the study included the acquisition of cultural competence through acceptance of differences and finding commonalities. Subcategories were: “avoiding cultural bias”, “trying to be on the path of adaptation”, “appealing to the support and companionship of colleagues”, “coping with culture shock”, “acculturation”, “getting help from cultural intelligence”, “cultural empathy”, and “language and communication enhancement”.ConclusionCultural competence is teachable. The pattern of formation is through accepting differences and searching for commonalities. Suggestions for promoting the culture of care among international students include effective use of peer groups and teaching different national ethnicities and cultures.

베트남 호텔 종사원의 감성지능이 문화적 공감을 통해 친소비자 행동에 미치는 영향

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to explore how hotel employee emotional intelligence influences the formation of cultural empathy, and how cultural empathy affects prosocial behavior toward customers. Design/Methodology/Approach – This study conducted empirical analysis through various methodologies, including confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. For empirical analysis, a survey was conducted targeting hotel employees in Ho Chi Minh City and Da Nang, Vietnam. The study was conducted based on 261 samples. Findings – Among the sub-factors of emotional intelligence, understanding other people's emotions, controlling emotions, and utilizing emotions significantly positively affected cognitive and emotional empathy abilities. On the other hand, self-emotional understanding was found to have a positive effect only on cognitive empathy ability. This shows that the various aspects of emotional intelligence are important in forming close relationships with customers. Moreover, cultural empathy significantly impacted hotel employee prosocial behavior. Research Implications – This study reveals that self-emotion appraisal influences only cognitive empathy, suggesting a reevaluation of its role in emotional intelligence. It underscores the importance of cultural empathy in multi-cultural service environments, and recommends enhanced training programs for hotel employees to better understand and respond to customer emotional and cultural needs.

The Effects of Reverse-Role Simulation on Nursing Students' Ethnocultural Empathy: A Quantitative Study.

The aim of this study was to examine the impact of reverse-role simulation on nursing students' empathy levels toward ethnoculturally diverse patients. Empathy is an essential component of culturally competent care; however, it is often left out of cultural competence education. Enhancing nursing students' cultural empathy may benefit students and patients. The study used a quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design in a private nursing school in the Northeast. The sample consisted of 37 undergraduate nursing students. Pretest and posttest scores were statistically different, indicating a significant increase in the students' ethnocultural empathy, t (36) = -3.20, p = .003. This study supports using reverse-role simulation as an effective teaching strategy to enhance nursing students' empathy toward ethnocultural diverse patients. Placing students in the "shoes" of an ethnoculturally diverse patient can increase their empathy levels and enhance cultural competence education.

Empowering Teachers: Multicultural Social and Emotional Learning (MSEL) Among Arab Minority Teachers

Teachers are the professionals at the forefront in the implementation of the educational enterprise, yet it is widely known that despite being surrounded by learners, they are oftentimes isolated and lonely individuals. The plight of teachers, particularly ones who are minorities, is critical to the success of schooling. To address this problem, schools have been seeking to pay closer attention to the holistic characteristics of schooling in general and how to ameliorate teacher conditions in particular. In recent years, the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic has heightened concern for the overall well-being of teachers, for enhancing their ability to cope with stress, depression, and loneliness, and for empowering resilience. In this sense, social and emotional learning (SEL) can serve as a main component in addressing these issues. SEL of teachers plays a central role in their daily practices and functioning. This study was devised and aimed at investigating the role of SEL as it impinges on teachers using a quantitative research study. The major hypothesis of this research involving SEL is that cultural empathy is the key linking mediator between both social competence and emotional stability of teachers and their self-efficacy for learning. To verify these interactions, questionnaires were distributed and completed by 415 teachers from the Arab Muslim sector, a minority population in Israel potentially vulnerable to the above-mentioned alienating effects of teaching. Our results did show a significant interaction between social competence and cultural empathy on self-efficacy for learning. Additionally, our results also detected a significant interaction between emotional stability and cultural empathy on self-efficacy for learning. This research supports the proof of concept that the potential of SEL to foster increased achievement and equity in multicultural schools may be fulfilled provided that there is a greater effort to integrate the ideals of SEL into school practices. Finally, we discuss the importance of promoting emotional stability, social competence, and cultural empathy in schools by fostering social inclusion.

L’image de l’Arabe dans la Série Netflix Messiah : analyse dialogique

The Image of The Arab in Netflix Series Messiah: Dialogical analysis&#x0D; This study falls within the purview of discourse analysis and seeks to propose nuanced interpretations regarding the portrayal of Arabs in Hollywood cinema. Initially characterized by negative stereotypes, this image undergoes a partial rehabilitation in the Netflix series Messiah. The investigation aims to scrutinize both representations by analyzing specific sequences from the series, which premiered on the Netflix platform on January 1, 2020. The series revolves around the return of the Messiah, linked to eschatology, portraying him as a savior in conflict zones addressing desperate people in Arabic, notably in Syria, West Bank, and the Al-Aqsa Mosque. The doctrinal theme of the Messiah's return sparks significant impact in spirituality and theology, eliciting diverse discussions and interpretations. Employing a qualitative approach rooted in the principles of nominational dialogism, this study identifies stereotypical representations often ingrained in Hollywood's conventional beliefs. It achieves this by scrutinizing parameters of categorization and enunciation in interactions involving Arab characters such as Jibril Hassan, Samer, Sheikh Zaid, the Imam, and others.The study results shed light on two contrasting images of Arabs. Firstly, Sheikh Zaid embodies the stereotype of an extremist and violent Arab, perpetuating long- standing clichés. Secondly, Jibril Hassan represents the image of a vulnerable and easily manipulable Arab, adding a layer of complexity to the overall representation. By delving into these subtleties, this research seeks to challenge and transcend the conventional depictions of Arabs in Hollywood cinema. Its objective is to foster a deeper understanding of the intricacies associated with these characters, moving beyond the limiting and one-dimensional portrayals often disseminated by mainstream media. The ultimate aspiration is to contribute meaningfully to the ongoing dialogue regarding the representation of diverse cultures and identities in popular entertainment, such as Hollywood, which wields significant influence over public perceptions. Drawing on Jullien's perspective on alterity, the study advocates understanding others through their unique viewpoints rather than imposing our own. Applied to Hollywood's portrayal of Arabs, this approach encourages a shift beyond stereotypes toward a nuanced appreciation of Arab identity and cultural richness. Such an approach promotes deeper cultural empathy and challenges prevailing, simplistic narratives in global cinema and media.

PRINCIPLES OF FUTURE INTERPRETERS’ COMMUNICATIVE CULTURE DEVELOPMENT

This article explores the principles underlying the development of communicative culture in future interpreters. The effectiveness of translation activities is not solely dependent on the ability to translate linguistic constructions; it also requires a profound understanding of context and the skill to interact successfully with individuals from diverse cultures. The study analyses contemporary approaches and principles shaping the communicative culture of prospective translators. The primary goal and task of this research were to analyse and systematize the works of national and global scholars dedicated to the principles of developing interpreters’ communicative culture. To achieve this goal, the method of literary analysis was employed, involving the study of relevant literature and scientific sources related to the researched issue. This research method allowed the author to systematize existing theoretical approaches and identify perspectives for further study. The identified principles encompass multiculturalism (developing future interpreters’ abilities to comprehend the national peculiarities of individuals from different nations, the skill to understand ethnosociocultural features of interlocutors, and identifying the cultural subtext of messages), communicativeness (immersing learners in an environment that closely resembles the conditions of their future professional activity; engaging future interpreters in discussions, debates, dialogues, and other forms of communication during the course), interactivity (creating conditions for various ways and forms of interaction among students, e. i. working in pairs, mini and small groups, teams, etc. and with the instructor), non-linearity (a comprehensive approach to form a multicultural language personality capable of effective bilingual mediation between representatives of various nations), systematicity and consistency (formation of the communicative culture of future interpreters based on the logical presentation, sequence, and hierarchy of material in the educational process), professional personal orientation (selecting educational and methodological materials, forms and methods of conducting classes, tasks for independent preparation, which fully correspond to the general strategy of professionalization of academic vocational training), independence (redistribution of time between individual and classroom work in favour of the individual one, which will contribute to the development of student independence, autonomy, the formation of self-organization skills within the framework of preparation and execution of assigned tasks, activation of the use of information technologies, and, as a result, the transformation of the educational information environment into an open system that is constantly enriched by external sources of information), tutoring (shift of emphasis from the teacher to the student and their personal responsibility for the course and results of learning), empathy and tolerance (understanding the experiences, emotions and feelings of the interlocutor that arise during bilingual intercultural communication). The research underscores the necessity of a comprehensive approach, considering various aspects of intercultural communication and leveraging modern pedagogical technologies. Special emphasis is placed on fostering empathy, tolerance and cultural empathy among interpreters. Key findings highlight the need for a harmonious blend of internal psychological approaches and external educational conditions for advanced results in forming the communicative culture of future interpreters. The rapid development of multimedia technologies significantly influences translation education, opening new perspectives for innovative tools in honing the communicative skills of budding translators. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of considering these principles in the ongoing development of pedagogical strategies and programs aimed at enhancing the communicative culture of future interpreters. The insights provided in this study contribute to a nuanced understanding of the evolving dynamics in interpreters’ training, offering a foundation for continued pedagogical research and program design in this domain.

Factors influencing multicultural acceptance of Korean nursing students

BackgroundSouth Korea has already become a multicultural society due to immigration, marriage, and employment of foreigners, and the use of medical institutions by foreigners is increasing. In order to establish a therapeutic rapport relationship with foreigners, it is necessary to study multicultural acceptance. This study aimed to examine and identify the factors influencing the degree of multicultural acceptance of Korean nursing students.MethodsThis study used a cross-sectional descriptive design. Study participants included 147 nursing students at University in Seoul or Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. Data included demographics, multicultural acceptance, cultural empathy, and multicultural attitude. Data were collected from March to June 2021. Data was analyzed using linear regression model in SPSS PC + version 23.0 statistical software program.ResultsThe adjusted R-squared representing the explanatory power of the model was 72.5%. The strongest predictor was cultural empathy (β = 0.55, P < 0.001), followed by multicultural attitude (β = 0.26, P = 0.001), residential area where they lived for the past 5 years (β = 0.19, P = 0.001), accessibility to multicultural internet and media (β = 0.17, P = 0.003), whether they have foreign friends (β = 0.16, P = 0.003), and multicultural education experience (β = 0.02, P = 0.002).ConclusionThis study suggests that to improve the degree of multicultural acceptance of Korean nursing students, their cultural empathy and multicultural attitude should be strengthened. Nurses need to pay attention the influencing factors to improve the multicultural acceptance of Korean nursing students.

Then is now: The necessity of exploring cultural context and intergenerational cultural trauma in dramatherapeutic training

Cultural trauma is passed down through generations, influencing interpersonal relations. Avoidance or denial of intergenerational cultural trauma’s (ICT) cumulative effects can impede dramatherapists’ ability to analyse countertransference and develop cultural empathy. Lack of exploration of how personal cultural context intersects with that of clients can hinder self-knowledge and recognition of similarities, differences and tensions within the therapeutic relationship. This article details my retrospective identification of ICT’s influence while working with a refugee and asylum seeker drama group prior to my dramatherapeutic training. I analyse how limited knowledge of ICT hindered productive exploration of the participants’ racialised perspectives. Contrastingly, Thorn’s 2011 case study exemplifies how ICT engagement can increase a dramatherapist’s self-knowledge and understanding of client experiences and perspectives. This article explores how discomfort elicited by racial and ethnic focus can lead to avoidance, diminishing the dramatherapist’s ability to understand clients’ lived experience. It also pinpoints colour-blind racial ideology’s negative impact, alongside the limitations of intellectual understanding alone when engaging with cultural realities. Consequently, this article promotes experiential exploration of cultural context in dramatherapy training. It supports incorporation of Powell’s Embodied Multicultural Assessment model, with additional ICT focus, as this could prove invaluable to trainees’ professional development.

Philippine parapsychology

The many well-documented cases of paranormal phenomena in the Philippines may be interpreted as manifestations of the intuitive and deeply empathic interpersonal dynamics of Filipinos and the seemingly transpersonal nature of their individual psyches. A heightened sense of cultural empathy may explain various telepathic or prophetic experiences that are very common to the point of being an ordinary experience. The spirits of folklore, which are said to have observable effects in the physical world, indicate a continuum from material to spiritual, and implies that the individual mind goes beyond the self and recognizes separate, sentient expressions of their own psyche in nature. This paper aims to be a general overview of Philippine parapsychology. A novel framework is suggested, and represented via the Sarili-Mundo model, which may be applied to future research on any variation of paranormal phenomena across the thousands of islands belonging to the multi-ethnic Philippine archipelago.