Cultural Dimensions Of Uncertainty Avoidance Research Articles

SIX CULTURE HOFSTEDE AND STUDENT ACADEMIC FRAUD AT PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES IN BALI

Academic fraudulent behavior is a dishonest act that violates ethics in the academic sphere at both the student, lecturer and administration levels which harms other parties. This research wants to test the influence of Hofstede's cultural dimensions on student academic fraud. This research was conducted at Warmadewa University in Bali. The population in this study were 2020 Even semester students of the Accounting Department, Faculty of Economics and Business, Warmadewa University in Bali, totaling 2456 students. To determine the minimum sample size, the researcher used the Slovin formula, namely 100 students as a sample. This research uses an interval scale with 5 Likert scales. Data analysis in research uses Partial Least Square (PLS) with the SmartPLS program. The results show that the cultural dimension of power distance has no effect on academic fraud, the cultural dimension of uncertainty avoidance has a negative and significant effect on academic fraud, the cultural dimension of individualism has a negative and significant effect on academic fraud, the cultural dimension of masculinity has a positive and significant effect on academic fraud, the cultural dimension of orientation long term has a negative and significant effect on academic fraud, and the cultural dimension of indulgence has a negative and significant effect on academic fraud

Two large-scale global studies on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy over time: Culture, uncertainty avoidance, and vaccine side-effect concerns.

This article presents one of the largest and broadest investigations into COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, a burning issue that poses a global threat. First, I provide a timely review of the predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy identified by prior studies. More importantly, I advance a dynamic, cultural psychological perspective to examine how the cultural dimension of uncertainty avoidance partly explains national differences in initial vaccine hesitancy. To track global vaccine hesitancy over time, I leveraged a daily survey of 979,971 individuals in 67 countries/territories (October 2020 to March 2021) and another daily survey of over 11 million individuals in 244 countries/territories (December 2020 to March 2021). To increase sample representativeness, both surveys used algorithms to correct for nonresponse bias and coverage bias. Consistent with my theoretical perspective, people in higher (vs. lower) uncertainty avoidance cultures had higher vaccine hesitancy initially (late 2020) as a function of greater vaccine side-effect concerns, but these differences decreased over time as COVID-19 vaccine uptake became prevalent. These findings were robust after controlling for other cultural dimensions, demographics, COVID-19 severity, government response stringency, socioeconomic indicators, common vaccine coverage, and religiosity. Understanding cultural differences in vaccine hesitancy is important, as delaying vaccination for even a short period can increase morbidity and mortality. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

How to improve travel-app use continuance: The moderating role of culture

The use of travel apps profoundly influences the behavior of tourists throughout the entire tourism experience. The aim of the present study is therefore to contribute to travel-app use continuance. An extended ‘continued use’ model based on the UTAUT2 framework is proposed, including important tourist behavior variables: satisfaction, privacy risk, personalization, e-WOM, relative advantage, aesthetics, social interaction, and information quality. The importance of culture for technology acceptance and use is also verified, as is culture’s influence on tourist behavior, the latter being reflected in the moderating variables of the proposed model: the cultural dimensions of uncertainty avoidance and individualism/collectivism.

American Constitution and the Spanish Constitutions of 1812 and 1978

This paper analyses the American Constitution of 1787 and the Spanish Constitutions of 1812 and 1978. The objective is to analyse their structures and the changes they have undergone throughout history, to find differences that can be explained by the different cultural values that these two groups normally display. As will be seen, the cultural dimension of uncertainty avoidance, amongst others, is the one that has a greater presence in this study. The conclusions drawn from this study show that cultural groups change throughout history, but the cultural roots that they inherit seem to be present through the times.

National culture and bank liquidity creation

This paper investigates the effects of national culture on bank liquidity creation. Using a sample that covers 66 countries over the 2001–2014 period, we find that individualism is associated with greater bank liquidity creation. This evidence lends more weight to the risk-taking and overconfidence bias explanations. We also find that the effect is stronger for larger banks. Moreover, individualism is associated with more (less) liquidity creation in developed (developing) countries, suggesting that social connections and better access to soft information are relevant explanations in developing countries. Additional analysis suggests that the other cultural dimensions of uncertainty avoidance and power distance are related to lower bank liquidity creation. The results remain robust for a battery of sensitivity checks, and for confronting endogeneity and omitted variables concerns.

Uncertainty avoidance and investment underdiversification.

The relationship between the cultural dimension of uncertainty avoidance and investment underdiversification is examined. A theoretical link between uncertainty avoidance and ambiguity is established, that is, cultural uncertainty avoidance captures the aversion attitude towards ambiguity at the national group level, thus, cultural dimension of uncertainty avoidance influences investors’ behavioral biases of home bias and the investment abroad concentration. The empirical results show that investment underdiversification is significantly and positively affected by the degree of uncertainty avoidance and robustness tests support this conclusion. A further analysis reveals that uncertainty avoidance moderates the effects of ambiguity on investment underdiversification, whereas the effects of uncertainty avoidance are mediated by the status quo bias.

Consumers’ Advertising Media Use: A Cross-Cultural Study

The increasing need for advertising strategies, driven by fierce competition for world markets, has made it important for global managers to understand how advertising media are received by consumers from different cultures. The purpose of this study is to examine whether advertising media use of mobile phone service consumers depends on the cultural dimension of uncertainty avoidance. The results show two interesting differences between consumers from the Netherlands (higher uncertainty avoidance) and the United States (lower uncertainty avoidance). Consumers in a higher uncertainty-avoidance context use more sources to collect product information and consult, in particular, the more trusted media.

Cultural Values and Knowledge Sharing in the Context of Sustainable Organizations

The current research studied the relationship between cultural values and tacit and explicit knowledge sharing behavior in the context of sustainable organizations. The sample consisted of 751 workers from Colombian organizations. It was found that sharing explicit and tacit knowledge correlated with the cultural dimensions of uncertainty avoidance, individualism–collectivism, and paternalism. On the other side, sharing tacit and explicit knowledge did not correlate with the cultural dimensions of power distance and masculinity–femininity. For organizational managers interested in knowledge sharing, a lesson is to facilitate environments of low uncertainty, care about the needs of workers, and have high collective values such as respect and interest in what others do. These values are essential for the promotion of knowledge sharing, which in turn contributes to sustainable organizations. From the theoretical point of view, the study opens a new line of research that integrates cultural studies and knowledge management to investigate the differential impact of cultural values on tacit and explicit knowledge sharing in organizational contexts.

Explaining Risk Perception of Climate Change in Indonesia through Cultural Dimension of Uncertainty Avoidance, Collectivistic, and Long-term Orientation

Risk perception of climate change is believed to be the first step to tackle climate change problems around the world. There are many factors to cause people being aware of climate change risks but research on cultural dimensions is rarely conducted. This research examines the correlation of cultural dimension uncertainty avoidance, collectivistic, and long-term orientation with risk perception of climate change. The research was conducted in Indonesia as the country with the high score in uncertainty avoidance, collectivistic, and long-term orientation. Data was collected using online survey and shared in several cities in Indonesia, in three largest Islands, Sumatera, Java, and Sulawesi. It was found that risk perception of climate change is positively correlated to the cultural dimensions of uncertainty avoidance, collectivistic, and long-term orientation. Demography variables such as age, gender, education level and disaster experiences have found not related to the risk perception of climate change. The result enriches the contribution of cultural dimensions in shaping risk perception especially risk perception of climate change, and the description of Indonesia’s cultural dimensions and risk perception of climate change.

Uncertainty avoidance culture, cash holdings and financial crisis

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate how the global financial crisis affects the relationship between uncertainty avoidance culture and corporate cash holdings.Design/methodology/approachThis study develops a research model in which cash holdings ratio is a function of post-crisis period dummy, Hofstede’s cultural dimension of uncertainty avoidance, their interactive term and control variables. The research sample includes 188,264 observations from 26,509 firms incorporated in 44 countries between 2003 and 2016.FindingsThis study finds that the effect of uncertainty avoidance culture on firm cash holdings is stronger in the post-crisis period from 2008 to 2016. This effect is stronger for financially constrained firms. In addition, the research findings show that uncertainty avoidance culture is more effective in cash–cash flow sensitivity over the post-crisis period.Originality/valuePrior studies show that uncertainty avoidance culture positively affects corporate cash reserves. However, the authors only examine the effect of uncertainty avoidance culture on cash holdings in a static environment. This paper investigates this effect under the impact of the global financial crisis – an exogenous shock.

Hofstede, cultural differences, and TripAdvisor hotel reviews

AbstractPrior research has shown that Hofstede's cultural dimension of uncertainty avoidance helps explain travel planning and vacation behaviors. The current research extends our understanding; finding the dimension helps also explain posttrip attitude and satisfaction. TripAdvisor ratings and review comments by travelers from multiple nations were analyzed to establish the relationship between national culture and the tested variables. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Tourism slogans – Towards a conceptual framework

This paper perused extant literature to develop a conceptual framework for tourism slogan analysis. Brand image, leisure motivations, and cultural dimensions were identified to influence the creation and effects of brand slogans. Based on this framework, the author further explored the affect levels of 134 national tourism slogans through the application of ANEW (Affective Norms for English Words). Three clusters of tourism slogans were identified based on their valence and arousal scores listed in ANEW. Moreover, the cultural dimension of Uncertainty Avoidance was found to be negatively correlated to valence and arousal levels of tourism slogans. Theoretically, the contribution of this paper lies in its application of affect levels of words to make possible multivariate analysis and visualization of tourism slogans. Pragmatically, the application of ANEW in this paper offers a guideline on choosing desirable affective words in creating tourism slogans.

The impact of sociocultural context on strategic renewal

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to contribute a multilevel, cross-national analysis of the role that sociocultural context may play to enrich the understanding of strategic renewal in family firms. The authors conceptualize sociocultural context as consisting of firm-level social contexts and national culture, and propose that: heterogeneous social contexts in family firm management, i.e. family CEO and multigenerational involvement, give rise to mindsets that have differential effects on renewal efforts and that the proposed effects are subject to variation due to the moderation of national cultural dimensions of uncertainty avoidance and power distance.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use unique date set consisting of 959 family firms from 26 countries drawn from a cross-national, quantitative study of family firms.FindingsThe authors found that family CEO is negatively related to renewal across cultures, and this relationship is attenuated by uncertainty avoidance and power distance. In addition, multigenerational involvement is positively related to renewal, and this relationship is enhanced by the two cultural dimensions.Practical implicationsThe authors suggest that decision makers examine how different contexts, practices and cognition contribute to overall dominant logics that exist in firm. In doing so, they can evaluate how logics as a whole affect renewal, and also how different parts of the logics play a role. This overall evaluation will afford managers a holistic picture of renewal forces that operate in family firm and allow managers to make precise changes to enhance strategic renewal.Originality/valueThe findings support the contention that there is cultural-dependent countervailing effects on strategic renewal within family firms.

Cultural influences on B2B service quality-satisfaction-loyalty

ABSTRACTThe link between service quality, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty has drawn the attention of both academic researchers and practitioners. They are also focusing on the effect of cultural differences on customer attitudes and behaviour in the global service industry. This paper examines the relationships between service quality, customer satisfaction, and loyalty as well as the moderating effect of cultural differences on the above relationships in the industrial business-to-business (B2B) service sector. The paper presents an empirical study using datasets collected from 7652 industrial customers across 55 countries and uses structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the hypotheses. The application of Net Promoter Score (NPS) as a customer loyalty metric based on customer experience management (CEM) is studied in relation to customer satisfaction. The study results demonstrate the positive relationship of service quality, satisfaction, and loyalty. In terms of the effect of cultural differences, the study finds that cultural dimensions of uncertainty avoidance negatively moderate the relationship between service quality and satisfaction, while individualism positively moderates the relationship between service quality and satisfaction. However, cultural differences do not impact on the relationship between satisfaction and loyalty.

Performance of green supply chain management: A systematic review and meta analysis

Abstract Environmental sustainability is nowadays driving firms to not only develop internal green activities, but also extend toward green supply chain management (GSCM). The extensive application of external GSCM by firms can be partially justified from perspective of transaction costs. GSCM practices are often considered to be prudent because studies suggested that such practices have a positive impact on firm performance according to the resource-based view. However, crucial questions still surround the practice-performance relationship. First, what is the overall relationship between GSCM practice and firm performance? Second, under what situations is the relationship stronger or weaker? To answer these questions, this paper focuses on quantitatively analyzing extant literature published in the field of GSCM. A random-effects meta-analysis is used to synthesize the empirical results of 54 selected literature with 245 effect sizes. Besides, subgroup analysis and meta-regression are applied to test potential moderators that may influence the strength of practice-performance relationship. We find that, internal and external GSCM practices are positively related, and they are both positively related to firm performance. Particularly, their relationship with environmental (r = 0.518) performance is the largest, followed by operational (r = 0.481) and economic (r = 0.464) performance. In addition, test of moderators discovers that industry type, ISO certification, export orientation and the cultural dimension of uncertainty avoidance all have moderating effect on the practice-performance relationship. Discussions and limitations are further addressed.

Culture in Preferences for Income Equality and Safety Nets

ABSTRACTEconomic and social policies vary across countries, reflecting their cultures and shaping them. People in some countries are more loss averse than in others. People in some countries express stronger preferences for income equality than do people in others, and some countries offer stronger safety nets than others do. The cultural dimension of uncertainty avoidance expresses the degree to which people in a country feel uncomfortable with uncertainty and the way a country deals with the fact that the future can never be known. The author finds that uncertainty avoidance is associated with loss aversion. People are more loss averse in the domains of both portfolios and jobs in countries where uncertainty avoidance is high. Moreover, people in countries where uncertainty avoidance is high express stronger preferences for income equality, and social spending in such countries is high. The cultural dimension of power distance expresses the degree to which the less powerful members of a society accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. The author finds that people in countries where power distance is high express weaker preference for income equality, and social spending in such countries is low.

Does uncertainty avoidance keep charity away? comparative research between charitable behavior and 79 national cultures

Prosocial behavior and the motivation behind it have been dominant topic and core concern of numerous studies across array of different social science disciplines. Nevertheless, the prevailing research approach is still mainly focused on prosocial behavior observed in terms of situational and individual aspects and less in terms of cultural and group tendencies and orientations. This research tried to explain prosocial behavior among 79 different countries focusing on cultural dimension of uncertainty avoidance. According to Hofstede, uncertainty avoidance (UAI) reflects how society deals with the uncertainty that future brings and with the level of anxiety brought by the outcome of this ambiguity. The amount to which the participants of a culture feel threatened by ambiguous or unfamiliar situations and shape views and institutions to avoid them are reflected in UAI score. Since charity is closely intertwined with economic, social and personal resources which in turn are closely linked with uncertainty avoidance, we successfully postulated how lower uncertainty avoidance is related with higher prosocial behavior which we ultimately supported by our research results.

The influence process of electronic word-of-mouth on traveller's visit intention: a conceptual framework

With the pervasion of information and communication technology ICT, the valence of user-generated content is an increasing important antecedent affecting customer's decision-making. The influence is especially significant in the tourism and hospitality industry due to its nature of intangible and experiential. In order to better understand the influence process of electronic word-of-mouth on travel destination decision-making, an integrated model based on the two well-tested model, elaboration likelihood model ELM and theory of planned behaviour TPB, is proposed in the paper. The moderate role of cultural dimension of uncertainty avoidance is taken into account in the model. Altogether nine hypotheses are given based on the research model. Implications for theory and practice of this research are discussed, and limitations and future research are also given.

Governance transparency among the largest multinational corporations: Influence of firm, industry and national factors

Using the Transparency in Corporate Reporting index from Transparency International, this paper examines the factors that influence the transparency of the world’s largest multinational corporations (MNCs). Our results show that while firm and industry characteristics are important, so is MNC nationality. Somewhat surprisingly, lower MNC transparency is associated with a higher market-to-book ratio, the finance and technology industries, higher national GDP, English legal origin, greater national emphasis on market (rather than bank) financing, and the cultural dimensions of uncertainty avoidance, power distance and masculinity. Higher levels of transparency are associated with individualism. In sum, we find that home country characteristics remain important in determining the transparency of even the world’s largest MNCs.

Age, culture, and self-employment motivation

To study the interplay between age and culture as driver of self-employment motivation, we examine cross-sectional age differences (young to late adulthood) in self-employment desirability and feasibility beliefs across different cultures. We utilize individual-level data from the 2012 Flash Eurobarometer survey collected in 21 countries (total N = 13,963 individuals) and culture-level data from the GLOBE project. Our results from multi-level regression analyses show similar curvilinear lifespan patterns in both desirability and feasibility beliefs, with a peak in young adulthood and a strong decline toward late adulthood. This general pattern of age differences in these motivational factors, however, differs significantly across cultural dimensions of uncertainty avoidance, institutional collectivism and performance orientation. Notwithstanding the limitations of cross-sectional data, the present results indicate that individual factors motivating self-employment are systematically intertwined with, and embedded in, both age and culture. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.