Culture Collection Research Articles

Interrogating Salmonella Typhi biofilm formation and dynamics to understand antimicrobial resistance

AimsSalmonella Typhi biofilm-mediated infections are globally rising. Due to the emergence of drug resistance antibiotics did not show effective results against S. Typhi biofilm. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an in-depth interrogation of S. Typhi biofilm to understand its formation kinetics, compositions, and surface charge value. MethodsThis study utilized the S. Typhi MTCC-733 strain from a microbial-type culture collection in India. The S. Typhi biofilm was formed on a glass slide in a biofilm development apparatus. Typhoidal biofilm analysis was done with the help of various assays such as a crystal violet assay, SEM analysis, FTIR analysis, Raman analysis, and zeta potential analysis. Key findingThis article contained a comprehensive assessment of the typhoid biofilm formation kinetics, biofilm compositions, and surface charge which revealed that cellulose was a major molecule in the typhoidal biofilm which can be used as a major biofilm drug target against typhoidal biofilm. SignificanceThis study provided interrogations about typhoidal biofilm kinetics which provided ideas about the biofilm composition. The cellulose molecule showed a major component of S. Typhi biofilm and it could potentially involved in drug resistance, and offer a promising avenue for developing a new antibiofilm therapeutic target to conquer the big obstacle of drug resistance. The obtained information can be instrumental in designing novel therapeutic molecules in the future to combat typhoidal biofilm conditions effectively for overcoming antibiotic resistance against bacterial infection Salmonella.

Blood Culture Contamination Rates in Bloomington, Association with Patient History

Background/Objective: Blood cultures are vital for diagnosing infections and directing antibiotic therapy to causative organisms in systemically ill patients. Blood culture contamination contributes to increased costs, longer lengths of stay, and unnecessary antibiotic use. Certain patient histories and demographics have been associated with higher contamination rates. Identifying contamination risk factors within the hospital may allow for improvements in patient care.
 Methods: Patient demographics, history, and blood culture information were identified through a chart review for all adult blood cultures collected in January 2023 at the IU Health Bloomington Hospital. Patient characteristics collected included age, race, ethnicity, BMI, and a number of comorbidities (COPD, diabetes, etc.). Blood culture characteristics, including the number of cultures drawn, hospital setting, etc., were also collected. A comparative analysis was performed between positive, negative, and contaminated cultures.
 Results: In January, 443 adult patients had blood cultures collected at IUH Bloomington hospital, with contamination in 33 cases (7.4%). Patients with contaminated cultures had a higher prevalence of hypertension (75.8%) compared to those with negative cultures (61.9%). Type II diabetes was more prominent in the contaminated culture group (36.4%) than the negative culture group (31.3%). 15.2% of patients with contaminated cultures resided in extended care facilities, while only 12.3% of patients with negative cultures did so. Most contaminated cultures (97%) were drawn in the emergency department, with 3% collected in medical-surgical units/floor level of care.
 Conclusion: Features of patient history, demographics, and culture collection may be associated with higher blood culture contamination rates.
 Scientific/Clinical/Policy Impact and Implications: This data will be expanded into the entire 1st quarter of 2023 to further identify trends in culture contamination. Findings may present opportunities for quality improvement in patient care as IUH Bloomington looks to further reduce their rates of contaminated cultures.

Building in vitro tools for livestock genomics: chromosomal variation within the PK15 cell line

BackgroundCultured porcine cell lines are powerful tools for functional genomics and in vitro phenotypic testing of candidate causal variants. However, to be utilised for genomic or variant interrogation assays, the genome sequence and structure of cultured cell lines must be realised. In this work, we called variants and used read coverage in combination with within-sample allele frequency to detect potential aneuploidy in two immortalised porcine kidney epithelial (PK15) cell lines and in a pig embryonic fibroblast line.ResultsWe compared two PK15 cultured cells samples: a new American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) sample and one that has been utilised and passaged within the laboratory for an extended period (> 10 years). Read coverage and within-sample allele frequencies showed that several chromosomes are fully or partially aneuploid in both PK15 lines, including potential trisomy of chromosome 4 and tetrasomy of chromosome 17. The older PK15 line showed evidence of additional structural variation and potentially clonal variation. By comparison, the pig embryonic fibroblast line was free from the gross aneuploidies seen in the PK15s.ConclusionsOur results show that the PK15 cell lines examined have aneuploidies and complex structural variants in their genomes. We propose that screening for aneuploidy should be considered for cell lines, and discuss implications for livestock genomics.

Evaluation of Antibacterial Effect of New Sealer "Neoseal" and Two Commercially Used Endodontic Sealers against Enterococcus faecalis: An In Vitro Study.

To evaluate the antibacterial activity of three endodontic sealing materials, Neoseal, CeraSeal, and AH Plus against Enterococcus faecalis bacteria in vitro. The antibacterial activity of three endodontic sealing materials including two bioceramic sealers; NeoSEALER Flo (group I), CeraSeal (group II), and one epoxy resin sealer; AH Plus (group III) was investigated against E. faecalis bacteria American Type Cell Culture Collection (ATCC) 29212 (ATCC, Rockville, Maryland, USA). Using modified direct contact test (MDCT). The endodontic sealers were tested in contact with bacterial suspension when unset (20 minutes after mixing) and after setting, assessing the antibacterial activity of aged sealers after 1, 3, 7, and 14 days. Analyzing the collected data has been done with version 25.0 of the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) IBM software (SPSS, Chicago, Illinois, USA). Descriptive analyses were calculated using standard deviation (SD) and mean. Shapiro-Wilk test was done to detect the normality of the result values. Kruskal-Wallis test was then performed to test the level of significance between groups. After 20 minutes - Group I showed higher bacterial count mean values (5,500 ± 500) and 0 values for groups II and III groups. After 1 day, the highest bacterial count mean values were in group III (54,333.3 ± 4,041.5) and 0 values for groups I and II. After 3 days - group III again recorded the highest bacterial count mean values (45,000 ± 5,000) and 0 values for I and II groups. After 7 days - Group III still recorded the highest bacterial count mean values (53,333.3 ± 1,527.5) and 0 values for groups I and II. After 14 days - Group III recorded the highest bacterial count mean values (56,000 ± 1,000) followed by group II (6,333.3 ± 577.4), and the least was group I (2,000 ± 500). Kruskal-Wallis test showed significant values between groups in all tested durations, p > 0.05. The sealing material AH Plus showed a strong bactericidal effect at the beginning but lost its ability after 24 hours. CeraSeal showed strong bactericidal activity from the beginning till the end of the first week but showed bacterial count at 14 days. Neoseal took 24 hours to show bactericidal effect and similar to CeraSeal showed bacterial count at 14 days; CeraSeal recorded the best results within the study. Silicate-based (bioceramic) endodontic sealers can be the best available endodontic sealing material that is clinically beneficial in removing residual microbes which had survived irrigation protocols and chemomechanical preparation. How to cite this article: Basta DG, Reslan MR, Rayyan M, et al. Evaluation of Antibacterial Effect of New Sealer "Neoseal" and Two Commercially Used Endodontic Sealers against Enterococcus faecalis: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2023;24(11):871-876.

Social Media as Commodifier or Homogenizer? Journalists’ Social Media Use in Individualistic and Collectivist Cultures and Its Implications for Epistemologies of News Production

This study seeks to address two research needs in journalism studies. First, there is a need for research that situates political reporters’ social media engagement as part of a broader investigation into journalistic epistemology, or what it means for these reporters to produce and validate information as authorized “knowers.” Second, there is a need for cross-national comparative research that looks beyond Western contexts alone and does so using the strengths of qualitative research methods. This study thus explores the use of social media by political reporters in the United States and South Korea. Through interviews with 35 journalists, we show that social media practices create a different sense of knowing, which operates according to a work atmosphere that is culturally conditioned. We find that U.S. journalism’s emphasis on exclusivity and individuality motivates reporters to orient social media use around producing unique news that no other reporter knows. Such emphasis on distinctiveness opens the door for honing their personal branding skills, ultimately leading to a self-commodification strategy. By contrast, in South Korea, with its long tradition of a collectivist-oriented Confucian culture, reporters treat social media as a more communal digital workspace that distributes news sources and information in an equitable manner.

An Investigation into the Microbiological Quality of Groundwater in an Industrial Hub in Mid-Hills of Northern India

Frequent water-borne disease outbreaks affecting human health have been reported in district Solan, which is a rapidly industrialing region of Himachal Pradesh, a northern state of India. For ascertaining the cause, microbiological assessment of drinking groundwater sources of the region was undertaken. For this, thermotolerant coliform study and genome typing were undertaken. Multiple tube fermentation technique was employed in selected five sources to detect thermotolerant coliforms during the seasons of monsoon and post-monsoon in the years 2018-19. Thermotolerant coliforms varied in Most Probable Number from 2-34 per 100 ml water indicating contaminated water sources, densities being significantly more in monsoon months (p< 0.05). Four different coliform morphotypes were obtained from all the sources on Eosin Methylene Blue plates. Of these, the only strain, designated as Nalagarh Water Strain (NGW), was recovered from all sources, suggesting its prevalence. Based upon biochemical and morphological attributes, the strain was recognized as Escherichia coli. Conversely, molecular characterization (16S rRNA ribotyping) identified it as Raoultella planticola (GenBank accession No. MK318824). The strain was deposited in a National Culture Collection Centre, National Centre for Microbial Resources, Pune, Maharashtra (India) with deposition accession number MCC 4064 for future utility in public research activities. Microbiological assessment evinced contaminated drinking water sources, probably causing diarrhoeal diseases. 16S rRNA ribotyping assisted in correct identification of the microorganism.

Scaptona ramosa gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from nest of the stingless bee.

In this study, a novel genus is proposed, Scaptona, with a novel species, Scaptona ramosa, isolated from nests of stingless bees (Scaptotrigona sp.). The taxonomic novelty was determined by the phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences from the internal transcribed spacer regions, small subunit rRNA (18S rRNA), large subunit rRNA (28S rRNA) and the RNA polymerase II second-largest subunit gene (RPB2) and paired with our morphological studies. Based on this single species, Scaptona is characterized by greyish green to dark grey colonies, densely and profusely branched conidiophores and single-celled, variously shaped hyaline conidia. Scaptona ramosa constitutes a distinct, well-supported lineage within Cephalothecaceae and can be clearly distinguished from other genera both by DNA sequence analysis and morphological traits. The holotype of S. ramosa is URM 95352. The ex-type strain has been deposited in the Micoteca URM culture collection as URM 8721T and URM 8722. The MycoBank accession number is MB 849456 for the genus and MB 849456 for the species.

Displays of anger in Turkish political discourse: a hard choice between cultural norms and political performance of anger

Abstract This paper examines the influence of cultural display rules on how high-status individuals, such as political leaders, publicly express anger. Specifically, it focuses on Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, who has been the Turkish leader since 2003. The study aims to understand the extent to which Erdoğan’s expression of anger is influenced by cultural display rules, the religious context stemming from his conservative electoral support, and his position as a long-term populist political leader. Using extended conceptual metaphor theory (ECMT) supported by corpus-assisted discourse analysis, the paper seeks to identify the contextual factors that shape anger expressions (both direct and metaphorical) in the political discourse of a populist leader in a collectivist culture. By comparing the conceptualization of ascribed anger and inscribed anger expressions, the analysis reveals that Erdoğan’s discourse presents two distinct scenarios for expressing anger toward ‘us’ and ‘others’. Additionally, it demonstrates how anger is strategically employed in culture-specific ways to navigate the challenges posed by conflicting contextual factors.

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales in Children at 18 US Health Care System Study Sites: Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology From a Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study.

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) are an urgent public health threat in the United States. Describe the clinical and molecular epidemiology of CRE in a multicenter pediatric cohort. CRACKLE-1 and CRACKLE-2 are prospective cohort studies with consecutive enrollment of hospitalized patients with CRE infection or colonization between 24 December 2011 and 31 August 2017. Patients younger than age 18 years and enrolled in the CRACKLE studies were included in this analysis. Clinical data were obtained from the electronic health record. Carbapenemase genes were detected using polymerase chain reaction and whole-genome sequencing. Fifty-one children were identified at 18 healthcare system study sites representing all U.S. census regions. The median age was 8 months, with 67% younger than age 2 years. Median number of days from admission to culture collection was 11. Seventy-three percent of patients had required intensive care and 41% had a history of mechanical ventilation. More than half of children had no documented comorbidities (Q1, Q3 0, 2). Sixty-seven percent previously received antibiotics during their hospitalization. The most common species isolated were Enterobacter species (41%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (27%), and Escherichia coli (20%). Carbapenemase genes were detected in 29% of isolates tested, which was lower than previously described in adults from this cohort (61%). Thirty-four patients were empirically treated on the date of culture collection, but only 6 received an antibiotic to which the CRE isolate was confirmed susceptible in vitro. Thirty-day mortality was 13.7%. CRE infection or colonization in U.S. children was geographically widespread, predominantly affected children younger than age 2 years, associated with significant mortality, and less commonly caused by carbapenemase-producing strains than in adults.

Taxonomic and genomic attributes of oligotrophic soil bacteria.

Not all bacteria are fast growers. In soil as in other environments, bacteria exist along a continuum-from copiotrophs that can grow rapidly under resource-rich conditions to oligotrophs that are adapted to life in the "slow lane." However, the field of microbiology is built almost exclusively on the study of copiotrophs due, in part, to the ease of studying them in vitro. To begin understanding the attributes of soil oligotrophs, we analyzed three independent datasets that represent contrasts in organic carbon availability. These datasets included 185 samples collected from soil profiles across the USA, 950 paired bulk soil and rhizosphere samples collected across Europe, and soils from a microcosm experiment where carbon availability was manipulated directly. Using a combination of marker gene sequencing and targeted genomic analyses, we identified specific oligotrophic taxa that were consistently more abundant in carbon-limited environments (subsurface, bulk, unamended soils) compared to the corresponding carbon-rich environment (surface, rhizosphere, glucose-amended soils), including members of the Dormibacterota and Chloroflexi phyla. In general, putative soil oligotrophs had smaller genomes, slower maximum potential growth rates, and were under-represented in culture collections. The genomes of oligotrophs were more likely to be enriched in pathways that allow oligotrophs to metabolize a range of energy sources and store carbon, while genes associated with energy-intensive functions like chemotaxis and motility were under-represented. However, few genomic attributes were shared, highlighting that oligotrophs likely use a range of different metabolic strategies and regulatory pathways to thrive in resource-limited soils.

Collectivist culture, environmental regulation and pollution emissions: evidence from China.

Collectivist culture serves as a significant cultural foundation in China. It could, to some extent, shape public attitudes toward the environment and thus influence the implementation of related policies. To examine this hypothesis, this study constructs the collectivist culture intensity index for 25 Chinese provinces spanning from 2010 to 2020. Through a fixed-effect model, we explore how the collectivist culture intensity affects pollution emissions in China. The empirical results indicate the significance of collectivism in enhancing emission reduction through environmental regulations. This conclusion remains robust even when excluding the impact of endogeneity concerns by adopting the instrumental variable approach. Heterogeneity analysis shows that collectivism is more effective in enhancing market-based environmental regulations rather than those driven by policies. Further mechanism analysis confirms that green innovation is a crucial pathway through which collectivism influences pollution emissions. These findings here will offer guidance to policymakers when formulating environmental policies for contexts with different regional cultures.

Antiviral discovery in toxic cyanobacteria: Low hanging fruit in the age of pandemics.

The power of novel vaccination technologies and their rapid development were elucidated clearly during the COVID-19 pandemic. At the same time, it also became clear that there is an urgent need to discover and manufacture new antivirals that target emerging viral threats. Toxic species of cyanobacteria produce a range of bioactive compounds that makes them good candidates for drug discovery. Nevertheless, few studies demonstrate the antiviral potential of cyanobacteria. This is partly due to the lack of specific and simple protocols designed for the rapid detection of antiviral activity in cyanobacteria and partly because specialized facilities for work with pathogenic viruses are few and far between. We therefore developed an easy method for the screening of cyanobacterial cultures for antiviral activity and used our private culture collection of non-pathogenic virus isolates to show that antiviral activity is a prominent feature in the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. In this proof-of-concept study, we show that M. aeruginosa extracts from three different cyanobacterial strains delay infection of diatom-infecting single-stranded DNA and single-stranded RNA viruses by up to 2 days. Our work shows the ease with which cyanobacteria from culture collections can be screened for antiviral activity and highlights the potential of cyanobacteria as an excellent source for the discovery of novel antiviral compounds, warranting further investigation.

Influences of parenting styles on perceptions of high-freedom-threatening language in anti-drug messages in Hong Kong

ABSTRACT This paper considers the notion derived from psychological reactance theory that Asian audiences, Chinese in particular, have a less negative attitude towards high-freedom-threatening (HT) messages owing to their collectivistic culture that places less value on individual freedom. The attitudes of 48 participants studying at a local university in Hong Kong towards HT messages in anti-drug campaigns revealed clear preferences for HT messages. Our findings highlight that such a positive attitude cannot be explained solely by collectivistic values of freedom. Instead, we found the influence of traditional Chinese parenting styles experienced during childhood as a potential origin of such perceptions. These findings emphasise the need for a nuanced understanding of the factors shaping attitudes towards HT messages in Asian contexts and the development of more effective anti-drug messaging strategies tailored to the preferences and cultural backgrounds of the target audiences.

Phylogenetic analysis of Nostocales (Cyanobacteria) based on two novel molecular markers, implicated in the nitrogenase biosynthesis.

The characterization of cyanobacteria communities remains challenging, as taxonomy of several cyanobacterial genera is still unresolved, especially within Nostocales taxa. Nostocales cyanobacteria are capable of nitrogen fixation; nitrogenase genes are grouped into operons and are located in the same genetic locus. Structural nitrogenase genes (nifH, nifK and nifD) as well as 16SrRNA have been shown to be adequate genetic markers for distinguishing cyanobacterial genera. However, there is no available information regarding the phylogeny of regulatory genes of the nitrogenase cluster. Aiming to provide a more accurate overview of the evolution of nitrogen fixation, this study analyzed for the first time nifE and nifN genes, which regulate the production of nitrogenase, alongside nifH. Specific primers were designed to amplify nifE and nifN genes, previously not available in literature and phylogenetic analysis was carried out in 13 and 14 TAU-MAC culture collection strains, respectively, of ten Nostocales genera along with other sequences retrieved from cyanobacteria genomes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these genes seem to follow a common evolutionary pattern with nitrogenase structural genes and 16S rRNA. The classification of cyanobacteria based on these molecular markers seems to distinguish Nostocales strains with common morphological, ecological, and physiological characteristics.

CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS PRIVATE LABELS IN HOME HYGIENE PRODUCTS CATEGORY.

This paper attempts to understand and highlight the buying behaviour of the consumers towards the Private Label (PL) products in Home Hygiene Products (HHP) in Belagavi. The growth of retail sector post globalization encouraged retailers to come out with their own multiple forms of products which are marketed by them but not manufactured. The resultant was the emergence of Private Label products in variety of segments. This paper tends to bring up the attributes of the consumers towards buying these PL products and tries to emphasize their buying behaviour. The current study aims to identify factors of PLs which have an impact on the consumers purchase intentions. The cleaning products and the products with chemical composition which are not for personal use are considered for the study. Consumers buying behaviour was analyzed with their intensions which influenced the purchase. The main motives behind the introduction of PLs were to fulfill customer needs and increase retailers profit share. The research attempts to examine the different factors that influence consumers' purchasing intentions of private label products among the residents at Belagavi area. Five important factors were identified; they are collectivist culture, perceived risk, price, quality and store loyalty. Collectivist culture and perceived risk were found out to be important background factors which affect the other three factors. Furthermore, the result shows that price and quality of private label brands are highly related as most of the target consumers tend to associate expensiveness with high quality and vice-versa. However, it was also seen that the store image has some effect towards the consumers being loyal (Belagavi residents) in purchasing the Private Labels.Key words Private label brands, manufacturer brands, collectivist culture, perceived risk, price and quality, store loyalty, store image.

Notification of bacterial strains made available by the United Kingdom National Collection of Type Cultures in 2022.

Here, we report on the one hundred and twenty-five bacterial strains made available by the National Collection of Type Cultures in 2022 alongside a commentary on the strains, their provenance and significance.

Crowdlending Behaviors in the Aftermath of a Crisis: Evidence From a Natural Experiment

Natural disasters and disease outbreaks cause substantial social turbulence and economic damage. The survival and continued operation of local small businesses and entrepreneurs are critical to the development activities in post-disaster recovery. However, these small businesses and entrepreneurs face greater challenges in accessing funding through traditional channels during a crisis. Crowdlending, also known as peer-to-peer microfinancing, has been successfully used to bypass traditional channels and raise funds directly from crowd lenders. However, it is unclear if such platforms can also be effectively used in the aftermath of crises, given that disasters induce both prosocial motivations and risk considerations in lender responses. To understand the operational implications of crowdlending for small businesses, we examine how crowdlenders respond to loan requests during a crisis and what factors moderate their responses. Drawing on the literature on disaster management and crowdlending, we hypothesize that lenders respond positively to loan requests from crisis-affected areas, and such responses are moderated by fundraising objectives and the lender's national culture. With observational data from an influential crowdlending platform and the 2014 Ebola outbreak as the treatment in a natural experiment design, we find that, on average, lenders respond positively to loan requests from crisis-affected areas, and they tend to favor loan requests emphasizing economic rather than social objectives. Furthermore, lenders from collectivistic cultures are more likely to respond positively during a crisis than lenders from individualistic ones. Our study contributes to research and practice in disaster management, particularly small business operations management during crises, by showing that crowdlending can be a useful fundraising channel for small businesses, which is meaningful for post-disaster economic development and recovery. We also offer implications for the recent conversation on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic by analyzing and discussing the similarities and differences between the Ebola outbreak and the COVID-19 pandemic.

MANAGING THE PROCESS OF THE SCHOOL BUILDING DELIVERY IN THE AFTERMATH OF THE WAR IN IRAQ

Like any post-conflict country, Iraq is facing difficulties when re-building schools. On the one hand these difficulties spring from the political, economic, social and administrative consequences of the prolonged armed conflict. Then in the other hand you have the structure and culture of the Iraqi society and its traditions and values that affect the administration and the decision-making issues. In other words, the problem that Iraq faces in terms of school-rebuilding is twofold. Firstly, conflict has left the country weakened as far as funds are concerned, politically torn, and economically vulnerable. Secondly, Iraqi culture is a collectivist culture which devotes loyalty to the group, tribe or sector rather than the public interest. The second problem has its roots in the Iraqi society, and it overshadows any step to be taken in rebuilding Iraqi society. Therefore, there is a need to establish a strategy of management of the school building delivery that enables Iraqi society to re-build schools in a way to overcome the challenges that have occurred after the conflict has ended and those which have been already present in the Iraqi society and whose impact has become worse after the end of conflict time. These problems also arise due to the mismanagement of funding, resources and people.

Transition from Higher Education in Nigeria to the United Kingdom

Moving across international borders to take up lecturing job in a higher institution is a significant life event with subjective experience and expectations that may impact the wellbeing of the individual and their new environment. The aim of this paper was to review the factors contributing to the transition experience of a lecturer from an African country in a UK university. Literature review, anecdotal narratives, and reflection were used. Differences in culture and technological advancement were identified as factors contributing to the transitional difficult experience of a lecturer from Nigeria working in a university in the UK. Language as a symbolic aspect of culture is an area the author did not expect to have difficulty; but because of the differences in the Received Language and the accent spoken by most natives in the UK, the author experienced initial psychological distress listening to different accents of English language. The culture of lower power distance in the UK contrasts with what obtains in Nigeria. So, the author was initially uncomfortable to see how senior and junior colleagues and students could relate officially without officious formalities. The individualist as against collectivistic culture in the UK was another thing to adapt to, so also the practice of Equality, Diversity and Inclusion which allows everyone freedom from discrimination due to protected characteristics such as gender that goes beyond binary. The identified technological difference related to Electronic Learning Environment (ELE) and the battery of integrated software for communication and organizing tasks were a bit of a challenge at the beginning. Transition from an African country to the UK as a lecturer in higher learning environment attracts challenges of cultural and technological differences. Forewarning and organized orientation on arrival of the differences may lessen the possibility of the distress occasioned by the life event.

Cultural Dynamics in UK Project Environments: Exploring the Impact of Individualistic and Collectivist Cultures on Project Outcomes

Cultural Dynamics in UK Project Environments: Exploring the Impact of Individualistic and Collectivist Cultures on Project Outcomes