Cultivated Plants Research Articles

Comparison of Antioxidant Activities of Dendropanax morbifera Léveille Extracts According to Harvest Area.

Dendropanax morbifera Léveille is a medicinal plant native to East Asia with its diverse therapeutic potentials. In particular, the antioxidant effect of this plant is well known, but there has been little research on the antioxidant effect according to different habitats or ages. In this study, we evaluated the proximate composition, mineral, saponin, rutin, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activities of leaf extracts of D. morbifera plants cultivated from two different regions (New Zealand and Jeju Island, Korea) and of the same age (2-year-old plants). The assessment of proximate composition and total phenolic and flavonoid contents revealed significant variations in these parameters dependent on the cultivation region and age. The highest total phenol and total flavonoid contents were observed in D. morbifera from Jeju Island. In addition, the antioxidant activities of leaf extracts of D. morbifera from different cultivation regions and ages were assessed in terms of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)free radical scavenging, total antioxidant capacity, and superoxide dismutase activity. The extract of D. morbifera from Jeju Island showed the highest antioxidant activity among the samples tested. These findings clearly indicate that both the cultivation region and plant age affect the phytochemical content and antioxidant activity of D. morbifera. Therefore, extracts of D. morbifera obtained from optimal harvest regions and ages could serve as promising natural antioxidant candidates with potential health benefits.

БИОХИМИЯ И БИОЛОГИЯ ОБРАЗЦОВ ЧЕТЫРЕХ ВИДОВ ЛУКА ЧЕРЕМШИ В КУЛЬТУРЕ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ БАШКОРТОСТАН

The pape presents the data of a study of 6 samples of wild garlic onion, which were carried out in the South Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of the Ural Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2018–2022, (Bashkir Cis-Urals, northern forest-steppe). Plantings of A. ochotense accessions (Syktyvkar and Irkutsk) are located in an open sunny area, plantings of the Syktyvkar accession A. victorialis are located in an open area and in the shade, plantings of A. microdictyon, A. ursinum and A. victorialis (VILAR) are in shade conditions. Biochemical analyzes were performed at the Bashkirsky Agrochemical Service Center according to generally accepted methods. The study of phenology, morphological and reproductive parameters was carried out according to standard methods recommended for botanical gardens. Studies showed that the greatest accumulation of ascorbic acid was noted in the victorious onion (Syktyvkar, 62.91 mg%), the lowest accumulation was in fine-meshed onion (Bashkortostan, 48.74 mg%), based on fresh weight. Victorious onion samples (Irkutsk, VILAR) differed in the maximum content of the following most important biologically active substances: carotene (1.68–2.89 mg/100 g), dry matter (22.81–25.23 %), crude fat (1 .04–1.13 %), protein (3.69–4.38 %), nitrogen (0.59–0.70 %), sugar (4.34–4.79 %), starch (0.41–0.95 %), potassium (0.36–0.4 %), phosphorus (0.11–0.12 %), calcium (0.08-0.09 %) and copper (1.09–1 .65 mg/kg) (based on fresh weight). The content of the minimum amount of the following biologically active substances was noted in bear onion (VILAR): dry matter (10.91 %), crude fat (0.50 %), protein (1.81 %), nitrogen (0.29 %), sugar (2.20 %). In the conditions of the sharply continental climate of the Republic of Bashkortostan, wild garlic onion samples are winter hardy, not damaged by pests and diseases. Seed productivity is satisfactory, vegetative propagation and general condition is good. Out of six samples of four types of wild garlic onion, the samples of A. victorialis have the highest indicators in terms of the content of biologically active substances. The studied samples of wild garlic are promising plants for cultivation in the Republic of Bashkortostan, as well as in the South Ural Region. This allows us to recommend them for expanding the range of useful (vitamin) and ornamental plants.

Physical and mechanical properties of Fique: Thermal conductivity and breaking strain

Due to the current search for new sustainable urban habitats based on new ecological materials, research work and applications related to plant dry matter – lignocellulosic fibres – obtained from wild and cultivated plants have taken on great relevance, with a growing number of publications related to this subject being found in recent years. In this study, the mechanical and thermal properties of Fique are analysed as a possible use in the secondary sector; a natural fibre native to the arid regions of America that was born as a by-product of the production of numerous products such as Tequila and whose production increases in response to growing consumer demand. Thermal conductivity was measured at steady state, using the hot plate protector method (ASTM C177), and in transient state, using the thermal needle method (ASTM D334); To this end, three levels of bulk density of the non-woven material (50, 65 and 80 kg/m3) were analysed as one of the manufacturing parameters to be prioritized. It is concluded that the fibre’s own pores are a parameter to consider, since the results suggest that the higher the density, the greater the resistance of the fibre to heat flow. On the other hand, the mechanical properties obtained in this article focus on the breaking strain; these results may open the door to new research into the use of fique in industrial processes, either to obtain semi-rigid or flexible elements or for use in natural composites.

Evaluation of Protein and Some Morphological Indicators in Wheat Samples of Different Ploidy

Wheat is second only to corn, with an annual production of 650 million tons it is the most cultivated cereal plant. 25 % of the world's agricultural land is wheat used for plant cultivation. From ancient times to the present day, wheat has been the daily food requirement of the population as the main food crop, occupying one of the most important places in payment. The basis of human nutrition is bread made from soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) flour and bakery products made from durum wheat (T. durum Desf.). It consists of various cereals, pasta, and other food products. Productivity increases by creating productive varieties with high quantitative and qualitative indicators it is possible. Acceleration of selection processes and initial material for creation, the quality indicators of the grains are high. This protein is genetic during the selection of foundation forms the use of markers is appropriate. All agronomic, yield, yield-related, and quality traits on plant and plot basis were recorded from the two middle rows units. Plant-based data were collected from randomly selected and representative 10 plants in the plot while, the plot-based data were collected from the whole harvestable plot. Agronomical traits include plant height, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, number of seeds per spike, seed weight per spike, thousand kernel weight, plant density, and grain protein content. This research was conducted in the grain and leguminous field laboratory of the Azerbaijan State Agrarian University between 2022 and 2023. Phenological observations from the outlet. It was carried out according to Kuperman from the beginning to the full ripening phase. The article on the genetics of some wheat samples with different ploidy studies of diversity based on phenology signs and gliadin proteins and the results obtained are dedicated to comparison.

Population genomics of a natural Cannabis sativa L. collection from Iran identifies novel genetic loci for flowering time, morphology, sex and chemotyping

BackgroundFuture breeding and selection of Cannabis sativa L. for both drug production and industrial purposes require a source of germplasm with wide genetic variation, such as that found in wild relatives and progenitors of highly cultivated plants. Limited directional selection and breeding have occurred in this crop, especially informed by molecular markers.ResultsThis study investigated the population genomics of a natural cannabis collection comprising male and female individuals from various climatic zones in Iran. Using Genotyping-By-Sequencing (GBS), we sequenced 228 individuals from 35 populations. The data obtained enabled an association analysis, linking genotypes with key phenotypes such as inflorescence characteristics, flowering time, plant morphology, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) content, and sex. We detected approximately 23,266 significant high-quality Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), establishing associations between markers and traits. The population structure analysis revealed that Iranian cannabis plants fall into five distinct groups. Additionally, a comparison with global data suggested that the Iranian populations is distinctive and generally closer to marijuana than to hemp, with some populations showing a closer affinity to hemp. The GWAS identified novel genetic loci associated with sex, yield, and chemotype traits in cannabis, which had not been previously reported.ConclusionThe study's findings highlight the distinct genetic structure of Iranian Cannabis populations. The identification of novel genetic loci associated with important traits suggests potential targets for future breeding programs. This research underscores the value of the Iranian cannabis germplasm as a resource for breeding and selection efforts aimed at improving Cannabis for various uses.

Screening of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) susceptibility to Septoria steviae through leaf disk inoculation

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a perennial cultivated plant that produces steviol glycosides, natural acaloric sweet compounds in its leaves. Many pathogens are capable of infecting this species. Among these pathogens, Septoria steviae, the causal agent of Septoria Leaf Spot, is the most widely described on S. rebaudiana. The objective of this study is to validate a leaf disk screening method for S. rebaudiana response to Septoria steviae infection on 10 S. rebaudiana genotypes with contrasting responses to the fungus. Three independent experiments were carried out in which forty leaf discs per genotype were infected with an inoculum at a concentration of 105 conidia / mL or with water. The response of the 10 genotypes was scored through image analysis. Image analysis was conducted at 9, 12, 15, 18 and 21 days after inoculation (DAI), allowing the proportion of symptomatic foliar area (PLSA) and AUDPC to be quantified. The evaluation of symptom speed development was realized through a linear regression between PLSA and time, for each tested genotype. Genotypes exhibited the lowest susceptibility at 21 DAI, with Cult102_SPA and Cult76_GER displaying 3% of the surface symptomatic. Genotypes with the highest susceptibility were Cult33_FRA and Cult75_GER, with 24% severity. These results correlate with visual scoring performed at 21 DAI and with previous inoculation protocols on S. rebaudiana cuttings, by maintaining the ranking of the different genotypes whatever the test. The development of a leaf-disk inoculation method offers new avenues for breeding strategies to develop tolerant or resistant S. rebaudiana cultivars.

Predicting invasion success of naturalized cultivated plants in China

Predicting invasion success of naturalized cultivated plants in China

Exploring the efficacy of drought tolerant, IAA-producing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria for sustainable agriculture

ABSTRACT The growing human population and abiotic stresses pose significant threats to food security, with PGPR favorable as biofertilizers for plant growth and stress relief. In one study, soil samples from both cultivated and uncultivated plants in various cities were used to isolate rhizobacterial populations. Using 50 soil samples from both cultivated and uncultivated plants, isolated rhizobacterial populations were screened for various biochemical changes, PGP activities and morphological characteristics. A total of 199 rhizobacteria were isolated and screened for IAA production. The strain M28 produced maximum IAA 378.44 ± 2.5 µg ml−1, M9 formed only 34.72 ± 0.15 µg ml−1. About 19% of IAA producers were isolated from Multan, 18% Lahore, 15% from soils of Faisalabad and Sheikhupura, while 7% from Gujrat. The 21 isolates were drought tolerant to −0.14Mpa, 14 of those were PSB and 15 were N fixers. In PGP traits, maximum zinc solubility was expressed by M4 as 2 ± 0.5 cm of zone. The strain M22 produced amount of HCN, 40.12 ± 0.052 ppm. All isolates showed diverse behavior in biocompatibility, motility patterns and hydrophobicity. Selected drought tolerant strains were genetically identified by ribotyping. Multitrait PGPR could be effective biofertilizers rather than with single trait. The strain M28 having highest production of IAA, was gelatinase, methyl red positive and was also capable of nitrogen fixation. Moreover, it had maximum swimming (8.9 mm) and swarming (8.7 mm) activities after 24 h, indicating its best PGP traits for future use.

Biotechnological techniques in the production of plant-made pharmaceuticals

Plants produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites, many of which have complex structures. Wild and cultivated plants currently remain the primary sources of most pharmaceutically significant secondary metabolites. However, the production of these compounds in plants is limited by the capacity of their biosynthetic pathways. This limitation has prompted efforts to develop methods to increase the yield of desired secondary metabolites. Advances in "omic" techniques have accelerated the development of approaches that utilize plants as bio-factories to produce these valuable compounds. This review provides an overview of strategies for producing high-value plant products and using plants as heterologous hosts to produce foreign recombinant proteins for medical applications.

Domestikasi Tumbuhan Bemban (Donax Canniformis) Untuk Keberlanjutan Usaha Kerajinan Bili Di Desa Lampanah Tunong, Aceh Besar

The bemban plant (Donax canniformis) has important meaning for the community in Lampanah Tunong Village, Indrapuri District, Aceh Besar Regency. Together with 4 (four) other villages around it, this village has become a center for woven bemban crafts with production products that are typical superior products for Aceh Besar Regency. Apart from supporting the development of the tourism sector and creative industry, this woven bemban craft product has been able to improve the economy and welfare of the local community. The lack of implementation of the concept of sustainable development (sustainable development) has resulted in vulnerability to the continuity of this highly prospective business. The provision of raw materials that completely relies on availability in nature has resulted in the increasingly extinct population of burden plants. The rate of handicraft production which is not commensurate with the ability of natural plant reproduction has caused the community to have to bring in raw materials from outside the village. This of course has an impact on increasing production costs and reducing opportunities for profits. Without systematic and strategic efforts, it is feared that availability from outside the village will also threaten its sustainability. To overcome this, the Service Team offers a concrete solution in the form of domestication efforts by transforming wild bemban plants into cultivated bemban plants through the introduction of cultivation techniques, nurseries and cultivation demonstration plots as well as improving and developing marketing techniques through product diversification and the use of digital marketing. The methods used include: counseling/tutorials and direct practice in the field with stages consisting of: preparation, coordination, implementation, coaching, and trials/evaluation. Through this service activity, it is hoped that the sustainability of the bemban woven craft business will be realized (SDGs 11), increase economic growth (SDGs 8), reduce poverty (SDGs 1) and improve the welfare (SDGs 3) of the community, especially partner craftsmen (SDGs 17).

Nomenclatural standards for the spring oat cultivars (Avena sativa L.) developed in the Urals and Siberia

Background. According to the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP), a cultivar is regarded as documented when its nomenclatural standard has been formalized and published. This procedure attaches a cultivar name to a herbarium specimen, and makes it possible to refer to such specimens when the taxonomic affiliation of a cultivar is being disputed. It also helps to maintain a national catalogue of crops and protect breeders’ rights.Materials and methods. The nomenclatural standards are presented, along with morphological, biological, ecological and agronomic descriptions, for spring oat cvs. ‘Uralets’ and ‘Kross’ released by the Ural Research Institute of Agriculture, as well as those of collective authorship: ‘Blits’ (with Perm Federal Research Center) and ‘Ural 2’ (with the Siberian Research Institute of Feed). The herbarium material for nomenclatural standards was collected in the fields of Pushkin and Pavlovsk Laboratories of VIR. All specimens of one cultivar are the plants grown from a single seed sample. Each herbarium sheet contains the entire plant in the state of milky ripeness, as well as mature spikes and grains.Results and conclusion. The nomenclatural standards for the four spring oat cultivars were formatted in line with the ICNCP recommendations and registered in the VIR Herbarium Database. The items are deposited in the Herbarium of Cultivated Plants of the World, Their Wild Relatives and Weeds (WIR), and are made part of the collections of the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources. The nomenclatural standard of each cultivar is presented on one herbarium sheet and has three duplicate sheets, except for cv. ‘Blits’ with its four duplicate standards.

Nomenclatural standards of oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivars released by the Research Institute of Agriculture for the Northern Trans-Ural Region

Background. Preparation and publication of the nomenclatural standard is an important step in a cultivar’s documenting. Development of nomenclatural standards for cultivars of domestic breeding helps to make and maintain a national catalog of valuable crop genetic resources.Materials and methods. Biomorphological and agronomic plant characters are described for the spring oat cultivars ‘Foma’, ‘Tobolyak’ and ‘Raduzhny’ developed at the Research Institute of Agriculture for the Northern Trans-Ural Region, branch of the Tyumen Scientific Center, Tyumen Province, Russia. Nomenclatural standards for these cultivars are presented. The plant material for the nomenclatural standards was collected at the experimental plots of Pushkin and Pavlovsk Laboratories of VIR. All plants of each cultivar were grown for the herbarium from a single seed sample. Each herbarium sheet contains an entire plant in the milk-ripeness stage, mature spikes, and grains samples.Results and conclusion. The nomenclatural standards were made in accordance with the recommendations of the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP) and registered in the VIR Herbarium Database. The herbarium specimens are deposited with the Herbarium of Cultivated Plants of the World, Their Wild Relatives, and Weeds (WIR) at the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources. The nomenclatural standard for each cultivar is presented on one herbarium sheet, with three (‘Tobolyak’ and ‘Raduzhny’) or four (‘Foma’) duplicate sheets.

Multiple genotypes of Phelipanche ramosa indicate repeated introduction to the Americas.

Phelipanche ramosa is an economically damaging parasitic plant that has been reported in North America since the late 1800s. While this species comprises a variety of genetically distinct host races in its native range, the genetic composition of adventive populations in the New World remains unexplored. On the basis of morphological and ecological variation, some have suggested that the closely related P. nana may also be present. Genome skimming was used to assess the relationships of 30 populations of Phelipanche spanning the geographic and host ranges in North and South America, plus one P. nana reference population from Lebanon. Phylogenetic analysis indicated four distinct genetic groups, though plastome and nrDNA data supported conflicting signals of relationships among them. First, specimens from Chilean tomato fields were nearly indistinguishable genetically from the reference P. nana. Second, a pair of samples from Virginia showed similar nrDNA as the first group, but divergent plastomes. The remaining 24 samples sorted into two groups, one which parasitizes cultivated plants, especially tomato, and the other on roadside weeds in different parts of the United States. The geographic and ecological cohesiveness of four distinct genetic groups supports a hypothesis of multiple introductions to the Americas, presumably from Eurasia, followed by little to no subsequent gene flow among them. However, such groups do not align with existing morphological or ecological species concepts for P. ramosa and P. nana. In practice, threat assessment of Phelipanche populations to agricultural settings should be evaluated regionally given the phylogeographic and ecological heterogeneity.

Holzapfeliella saturejae sp. nov. isolated from flowers of winter savoury Satureja montana L.

A novel strain of the genus Holzapfeliella, named He02T, was isolated from flowers of Satureja montana L. in a survey for lactic acid bacteria associated with wild and cultivated plants in the metropolitan area of Valencia, Spain. Partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed a similarity of 99% to Holzapfeliella floricola DSM 23037T=Ryu1-2T. Strain He02T cells are Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative non-motile rods, usually occurring in pairs. Cells show a pale yellow pigmentation when pelleted. As H. floricola, strain He02T utilized a narrow range of carbohydrates, namely, glucose and fructose, homofermentatively. However, genome sequencing and estimation of average nucleotide identity (ANI) revealed an ANI value of 87.44 with H. floricola DSM 23037T, the only H. floricola strain sequenced to date. A value of 30.5% for digital DNA-DNA hybridization was estimated with the Type Strain Genome Server tool when He02T was compared with strain DSM 23037T. These results indicate that strain He02T constitutes a novel species, for which the name Holzapfeliella saturejae sp. nov. with He02T (=CECT 31001T=DSM 117324T=CCM 9395T) as type strain is proposed.

The Beekeeping Areas of the State of Yucatán, for the Promotion of their Rational Use and the Transition Towards Organic Honey Production and Botanical Certification

Bees play a crucial role in nature as pollinators, enabling the reproduction of most wild and cultivated plants. They are considered an environmental regulatory service, indirectly benefiting food production, biodiversity conservation, and integrated environmental protection. This work analyses data from the state project on Biodiversity and Human Development, proposing a beekeeping zoning plan for Yucatán.

Loss of pollinator diversity consistently reduces reproductive success for wild and cultivated plants.

Pollination is a crucial ecosystem service, yet pollinator species diversity is declining as a result of factors such as climate change, habitat loss and agricultural intensification. While previous studies have often examined the extreme scenario of complete pollinator removal, showing negative impacts on plant reproductive success, we take a more realistic approach by focusing on the effects of decreasing pollinator diversity. Our global meta-analysis reveals a notable negative impact of reduced pollinator species diversity on plant reproductive success measures, such as seed set, fruit set and fruit weight. Notably, this effect varies across plant families, impacting both self-incompatible and self-compatible species. We also find that wild plant species suffer more than cultivated ones. Furthermore, the loss of invertebrate, nocturnal and wild pollinators has a more substantial impact than the loss of vertebrate, diurnal or managed pollinators. Overall, our findings consistently underscore the positive role of biodiversity in maintaining ecosystem functioning, highlighting the urgency of mitigating factors that lead to the decline in pollinator species diversity.

Genetic Foundation of Leaf Senescence: Insights from Natural and Cultivated Plant Diversity.

Leaf senescence, the final stage of leaf development, is crucial for plant fitness as it enhances nutrient reutilization, supporting reproductive success and overall plant adaptation. Understanding its molecular and genetic regulation is essential to improve crop resilience and productivity, particularly in the face of global climate change. This review explores the significant contributions of natural genetic diversity to our understanding of leaf senescence, focusing on insights from model plants and major crops. We discuss the physiological and adaptive significance of senescence in plant development, environmental adaptation, and agricultural productivity. The review emphasizes the importance of natural genetic variation, including studies on natural accessions, landraces, cultivars, and artificial recombinant lines to unravel the genetic basis of senescence. Various approaches, from quantitative trait loci mapping to genome-wide association analysis and in planta functional analysis, have advanced our knowledge of senescence regulation. Current studies focusing on key regulatory genes and pathways underlying natural senescence, identified from natural or recombinant accession and cultivar populations, are highlighted. We also address the adaptive implications of abiotic and biotic stress factors triggering senescence and the genetic mechanisms underlying these responses. Finally, we discuss the challenges in translating these genetic insights into crop improvement. We propose future research directions, such as expanding studies on under-researched crops, investigating multiple stress combinations, and utilizing advanced technologies, including multiomics and gene editing, to harness natural genetic diversity for crop resilience.

Early Neolithic plant exploitation in north-western China: archaeobotanical evidence from Beiliu

China was a centre for early plant domestication, millets in the north and rice in the south, with both crops then spreading widely. The Laoguantai Culture (c. 8000–7000 BP) of the middle Yellow River region encompasses a crucial stage in the transition from hunting and gathering to farming, yet its subsistence basis is poorly understood. The authors present archaeobotanical data from the site of Beiliu indicating that farmers exploited a variety of wild and cultivated plants. The predominance of broomcorn millet accords with other Neolithic cultures in northern China but the presence of rice—some of the earliest directly dated examples—opens questions about the integration of rice cultivation into local subsistence strategies.

Effects of Cultivation Temperature on Phenolic Compound Content and Antioxidant Capacity in the Leaves and Stems of the Vegetable Gynura bicolor (Roxb. ex Willd.) DC

The leafy vegetable Gynura bicolor (Roxb. ex Willd.) DC. is cultivated in Taiwan and is popular because of its abundant antioxidant components. In this study, the effects of cultivation temperature on the antioxidant levels and antioxidant activity of methanolic extract from G. bicolor leaves and stems were studied. In cultivated plants, total phenolics were the most abundant components of the methanol extract. The levels of antioxidant compounds from the aboveground portions were highest when cultivated at 25 °C, followed by those when cultivation at 20, 30, and 35 °C. The antioxidant capacity of the leaf extract was highest when G. bicolor was grown at 25 °C, scavenging 69% of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical. The antioxidant capacity was lower in stems, scavenging 26% to 41% of the DPPH. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to explore the correlation between phenolic compound levels and antioxidant capacity under different cultivation temperatures. The PCA confirmed that growth at 25 °C resulted in the highest levels of phenolic compounds in the leaves G. bicolor.

PGPB Isolated from Drought-Tolerant Plants Help Wheat Plants to Overcome Osmotic Stress.

The aim of this research was to study the effect of plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) isolated from the drought-tolerant plants camel thorn (Alhagi pseudoalhagi (M.Bieb.) Fisch) and white pigweed (Chenopodium album L.) on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants cv. Lenigradskaya 6, growing under hydroponic conditions and osmotic stress (generated by 12% polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG)). Based on the assumption that plants create a unique microbiome that helps them overcome various stresses, we hypothesized that bacteria isolated from drought-tolerant plants may assist cultivated wheat plants in coping with drought stress. PGPB were isolated from seeds and leaves of plants and identified as Bacillus spp. (strains Cap 07D, Cap 09D, and App 11D); Paenibacillus sp. (Cap 286); and Arthrobacter sp. (Cap 03D). All bacteria produced different phytohormones such as indole acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), and gibberellic acid (GAS3) and were capable of stimulating wheat growth under normal and osmotic stress conditions. All PGPB reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, increased the total chlorophyll content by increasing chlorophyll a, and modulated wheat hormone homeostasis and CAT and POX activities under osmotic conditions. Selected strains can be promising candidates for the mitigating of the drought stress of wheat plants.