Cultivation Of Plants Research Articles

Upaya Meningkatkan Kunjungan Wisatawan Melalui Strategi Packaging And Programming Paket Wisata Di Taman Kakao Cokelat Desa Banjaroya

Banjaroya Village, Kulon Progo Regency has many tourism potentials, one of which is the Chocolate Cocoa Park. As an educational tourist attraction based on agrotourism, the Chocolate Cocoa Park serves several activities offered to tourists related to the cultivation of Cocoa plants and Chocolate production. However, in this case, the Chocolate Cocoa Park has not packaged and programmed the activity services well. The results of the study show that there are several things that need to be fixed in packaging and providing educational package programs at the Chocolate Cocoa Park. The thing that needs to be fixed is the way to package the tour package, it needs to display an itinerary so that tourists feel easy and can manage their time to participate in the activity. Then the programming is by grouping the activities offered according to the focus of each activity so that tourists can choose what focus activities they want to participate in.

Effect of the Association of Levels of Potassium and Nitrogen from Coated Urea on the Forage Potential of Cactus Pear in Brazilian Savannah Soil

ABSTRACT The development of methods that aim to increase the water use efficiency in agricultural systems should be part of the objectives of research, and the cultivation of plants of lower water requirements, such as cactus pear, can be a good option. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the association of potassium (K) and nitrogen (N) levels from coated urea, in two harvest years, on the agronomic characteristics and nutritive value of Nopalea cochenillifera cv Doce. A randomized block design in a 2 × 4 × 2 factorial arrangement was adopted. The factors corresponded to two levels of K (40 kg and 60 kg ha−1 year−1), four levels of N (0, 60, 120, and 240 kg ha−1 year−1) and two harvest years (Years I and II). The plants were evaluated for growth, yield, chemical, and mineral composition, and nutritive value. The levels of K affected only plant height and K content in the plant. The agronomic variables and contents of ether extract and crude protein (CP) linearly increased along with the levels of N from the coated urea. There was a significant effect of interaction between N levels and harvest year on the contents of NDF, NDFap, NFC, fraction A+B1, Ca, and Mg. The level of 40 kg K ha−1 year−1 associated with 240 kg N ha−1 year−1 from coated urea provided the best results for the characteristics of growth, yield, and nutritive value of the cactus pear.

A New Approach to Vertical Plant Cultivation Maximises Crop Efficiency

This publication presents an innovative tower cultivation device designed to significantly increase vertical farming’s efficiency. The device divides the cultivation system into separate chambers. One division corresponds to the different growth phases of the plants, while another reflects the daily variation in conditions. Each chamber presents slightly different conditions and cultivation patterns from the others. For the early stages, crops are grown horizontally in trays; once they mature, they are transplanted into mobile cultivation towers. The closed circulation of ventilation and irrigation reduces water consumption by up to 95%. A unique separate day–night division optimises light, temperature, and humidity conditions, mimicking natural growth patterns. This approach not only saves water and energy but also improves cultivation in a three-dimensional space. The presented solution focuses on the often-overlooked aspects of cultivating in vertical farms and makes this method of growing much more cost-effective and feasible to implement on a large scale. Our comparative analysis with other vertical farming solutions is based on publicly available data and provides valuable insights, while acknowledging the potential limitations at play.

Evaluating Seawater and Wood Distillate for Sustainable Hydroponic Cultivation: Implications for Crop Growth and Nutritional Quality

The adoption of innovative cultivation methods, such as hydroponics and aeroponics, is gaining attention due to the unprecedented demand for food that an increasing population is posing on agricultural systems, exacerbating the pressure on already limited arable land. Seeking sustainable and circular economy solutions is imperative, aiming to optimize water consumption and enhance crop yields and quality without resorting to synthetic chemical fertilizers. This study investigated the use of seawater at various concentrations as a base for nutrient solutions, with and without the addition of a natural biostimulant, wood distillate (WD). Four seawater (SW) concentrations (0, 3, 6, and 12%) and two wood distillate concentrations (0 and 0.2%) were applied to assess their impacts on lettuce growth. Findings reveal that seawater at low concentrations (< 6%) serves as an effective water-saving strategy, despite the reduction in the plant ascorbic acid contents. The addition of WD did not inflate growth; in fact, the results obtained are comparable to that of the controls for each concentration of seawater, except at the highest concentration (12% SW), resulting in reduced fresh leaf weights and root areas. Significantly, there was a notable increase in the ascorbic acid contents in all plants grown with WD. Moreover, the WD increased the leaf concentrations in Ca, Mg, P, and K, indicating the higher nutritional value of the crop. This research highlights the potential of combining seawater and WD for sustainable and efficient plant cultivation, suggesting new strategies for exploration across diverse plant species and hydroponic applications.

Elicitation of potato plants to increase their resistance against Soft Rot Pectobacteriaceae bacteria

AbstractThe investigation aimed to assess three methods for inducing resistance in Solanum tuberosum L. (potato) plants against Soft Rot Pectobacteriaceae (SRP) bacteria. The approaches involved the incorporation of elicitors into the in vitro nutrient medium during plant cultivation, pre-planting of seeds soaked in water-containing elicitors, and irradiating in vitro cultivated potato plants with 21 kJ/m2 of ultraviolet C light (UVC). The research validated the authors’ hypothesis, that the use of specific elicitors and UV-C light could induce resistance in potato plants against SRP bacteria, identifying the most effective elicitation technique for potato plants under experimental conditions. Two elicitors, specifically 50 μM salicylic acid and 250 μg/mL proline, were determined to be the most potent under experimental conditions. Supplementation of the Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) with 50 μM salicylic acid resulted in 21% of infected plants exhibiting no symptoms of infection on the 14th-day post-inoculation, and all plants treated with 10, 30, 35, 40, 45, or 50 μM of salicylic acid displayed a diminishing rate of infection progression. Plants growing with 25 µM SA were visually characterized by faster growth rates and higher vegetative mass relative to both control and test variants. Similarly, the incorporation of 250 μg/mL proline into the MS medium caused a response with 37.5% of plants showing no disease symptoms on the 14th day post-inoculation.

Co-inoculation of biofilm- and exopolysaccharide-producing rhizobacteria promoting wheat development by boosting plant nutrients in a nutrient-limited soil

Increasing global land degradation and human population necessitate more agricultural production; therefore, plant cultivation may expand to nutrient-limited areas to meet growing food demands. As an environmentally safe application, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria have a high potential to promote plant growth under stress conditions. The present study examined the impacts of single and co-inoculations of two high- and two low-biofilm- and exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing Bacillus (B) and Azotobacter (A) strains on wheat growth in nutrient-limited soil. High- and low-biofilm-/EPS-producing strains were designated as + ve and − ve, respectively. Among the treatments applied, high-biofilm- and EPS-producing B (−) A (+) and B (+) A (−) treatments significantly enhanced shoot length by 20.4–24.5%, shoot fresh weight by 22.2–27.4%, root length by 31.4–37.1%, root fresh weight by 31.9–34.8%, and root dry weight by 27.2–31.4% over the non-inoculated control. Such two treatments also increased the uptake of nutrients (Ca, K, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn) by the roots more than almost all the other applications. A higher nutrient uptake enhanced the leaf chlorophyll contents and decreased antioxidant enzymes (catalase and peroxidase) activities in wheat seedlings exposed to the respective two treatments. The synergy between co-inoculated bacterial strains and their high-biofilm-/EPS-producing potential in B (−) A (+) and B (+) A (−) treatments appear to have a better role in enhanced wheat growth under nutrient stress by improving plant nutrient availability. The consortium of high-biofilm- and EPS-producing rhizobacteria may be used as potential bioinoculants to increase plant growth in nutrient-limited barren soils.

Insight into the short-term effects of TiO2 nanoparticles on the cultivation of medicinal plants: Comprehensive analysis of Panax ginseng physiological indicators, soil physicochemical properties and microbiome

To meet societal needs, a large number of medicinal plants are cultivated artificially. However, issues such as diseases and continuous cropping obstacles (CCO) have severely impacted their quality and yield. Exploring and innovating the cultivation technology for medicinal plants is essential to meet their high demand and ensure sustainable development. The role of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2) in medicinal plant cultivation remains unclear. To advance the application of nanotechnology in this field, a comprehensive exploration of its potential benefits is necessary. In this study, nano-TiO2 was applied to ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) to acquire a holistic comprehension of its impact on ginseng growth, rhizosphere, and ginseng-used soil. Our findings reveal that nano-TiO2 significantly enhances ginseng root activity and has notable effects on antioxidant enzyme systems. The two concentrations of nano-TiO2 markedly influenced the structure and composition of microbial communities in the rhizosphere and ginseng-used soil, including key microorganisms such as Chloroflexi and Acidobacteriota, which are closely involved in soil function. Furthermore, nano-TiO2 altered the competitive and cooperative relationships within microbial networks. Nano-TiO2 application significantly increased soil organic matter (SOM) content in rhizosphere and ginseng-used soils and affected the activities of several important soil enzymes. Environmental factors, such as EC, pH, and soil nutrients, were found to be the main factors influencing the microbial community. In conclusion, our findings illuminate the complex effects of nano-TiO2 on the “plant-microbial-soil” system in the context of ginseng cultivation. This work offers novel strategies for optimizing medicinal plant growth and development, as well as improving cultivated soil by using nanomaterials.

Dedication to the Community on Cultivation of Corn Plants in the Village of Taen Terong II Riung District of Ngada Regency

Dedication to the Community on Cultivation of Corn Plants in the Village of Taen Terong II Riung District of Ngada Regency

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated disruption of orf76 as an antiviral therapy against BmNPV in the transgenic silkworm

Viral diseases pose a significant threat to livestock husbandry and plant cultivation. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted editing of viral genes offers a promising approach to antiviral therapy. The silkworm, Bombyx mori, is an economically important insect susceptible to infection by B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV), and viral outbreaks cause severe economic losses to the sericulture industry. Here, we identified BmNPV orf76 as a viral late gene that is highly similar to Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus Ac93. The deletion of orf76 abolished BmNPV proliferation and hindered the production of infectious budded viruses. We generated a transgenic line, Cas9(+)/sgorf76(+), that did not affect the growth or development of the silkworm and demonstrated that the transgenic line Cas9(+)/sgorf76(+) efficiently cleaved orf76 at the sgorf76 site, resulting in large deletions at 120 h post-infection, with no observed off-target effects. Survival analyses revealed that the transgenic line Cas9(+)/sgorf76(+) exhibited significantly higher survival rates than the control lines Cas9(−)/sgorf76(−), regardless of the BmNPV inoculation dose. Additionally, the number of BmNPV DNA copies and the expression levels of viral genes were markedly inhibited in the transgenic line Cas9(+)/sgorf76(+) compared with the control line Cas9(−)/sgorf76(−). The results provide a promising target for Cas9-mediated antiviral therapy against BmNPV, and the findings provide new insights for baculovirus gene function studies and lepidopteran pest control.

Seed- and Foliar-Applied Iron Chelate Improves Performance, Physiological, and Biochemical Aspects of Black Cumin (Nigella sative) under Semi-Arid Conditions

The cultivation of medicinal plants plays a crucial role in promoting human health benefits. However, the production of these plants can be affected by drought conditions. This research aimed to investigate the impact of differing water status (non-drought and drought during the flowering to harvest stage) and various iron treatments on the performance of black cumin. The iron treatments included no iron as the control (nFe), no iron with seed hydro-priming (nFe + P), seed iron priming (pFe), seed iron priming with iron foliar spraying (pFe + sFe), and double iron foliar spraying (sFe + sFe). The purpose of these treatments was to assess the effect of iron application methods on plant response under different water conditions. The findings revealed that drought significantly reduced the levels of Chla (15%) and RWC (5.9%), plant height (7%), follicle number (16.7%), seed number (4.6%), 1000-seed weight (3.2%), and seed yield (30.1%). Additionally, drought increased the proline content (90.9%), electrolyte leakage (9.2%), and MDA levels (23.9%). Interestingly, applying iron amendments reduced electrolyte leakage and increased seed yield under both water conditions. The drought-induced increase in proline content was more pronounced in the nFe treatment than in the other treatments. The amount of MDA in the nFe and nFe + P treatments was significantly higher under drought conditions compared to non-drought conditions. In conclusion, the addition of iron amendments helps black cumin plants recover from the effects of drought and reduces damage to seed growth. This means that using both seed iron priming and iron foliar spraying can significantly improve yields. Alternatively, focusing on either seed iron priming or double iron foliar spraying can also boost black cumin production compared to not using iron amendments.

Lavandula angustifolia Herb from Ukraine: Comparative Chemical Profile and in vitro Antioxidant Activity.

Lavandula L. genus plants have always been relevant as medicines for various purposes in food, medicine, pharmaceuticals, cosmetology and aromology. Ukraine is a new territory in the mass plant cultivation and lavender essential oil production. Therefore, the issue of integrated use of herbal raw materials and their intended use is still relevant. For the first time, ten samples of Lavendula angustifolia herb from 5 growing regions of Ukraine were studied for the composition and content of polyphenols and terpenoids using HPLC and HPTLC methods, respectively, to assess the prospects and quality of herbal raw materials. The results obtained showed that L. angustifolia herb has pronounced antioxidant activity due to the high content of phenolic compounds, namely hyperoside (5.665-11.629 mg/g), vanillic acid (5.986-11.196 mg/g), rosmarinic acid (0.211 to 1.488 mg/g), caffeic acid (0.369-3.835 mg/g), chlorogenic acid (0.239-4.619 mg/g), genistein-7-O-glucoside, as well as due to the presence of linalool and linalyl acetate, which was confirmed by qualitative analysis. The total antioxidant activity was the highest in samples from Lviv Botanical Garden (0.293 Trolox mg/mL), Kyiv OLawander (0.288 Trolox mg/mL), Kharkiv Bohodukhiv (0.270 Trolox mg/mL) which is due to the qualitative composition of phenolic compounds. At the same time, the most intense zones of terpenoids in lavender herb were noted for images from Kharkiv region Lebiazhe and Kitchenkivka villiges. Cluster analysis showed priority in the selection of marker compounds (vanillic acid, hyperoside, chlorogenic acid, rosmarinic acid) for lavender herb based on their quantitative content in the samples. In the future, lavender herb from Ukraine can be considered as a promising raw material with neuroprotective properties as part of its complex use, as research continues.

Soil Development and Land Suitability for Cacao on Sandstone and Pumice Breccia in the Semilir Formation in Ponjong District, Gunungkidul Regency, Indonesia

The parent material of the Semilir Formation, which consists of breccia pumice and sandstone, was located in the villages of Sawahan and Umbulrejo, Ponjong district, and it influences the genesis and soil types. This study utilized survey and laboratory analysis methods. Two soil profiles were studied: the first profile was located in Sawahan Village with breccia pumice as the parent material, while the second profile was in Umbulrejo Village with sandstone as the parent material. The research results indicated that soils developed from breccia pumice had diagnostic horizons of umbric epipedon and argillic endopedon with an advanced soil development stage. Soils developed from sandstone had diagnostic horizons of umbric epipedon and cambic endopedon with a young soil development stage. This affects the chemical properties of the soil. Soils formed from pumice breccia tend to have base saturation of less than 50% with low exchangeable bases, while soils formed from sandstone have base saturation of >50% with high exchangeable bases. Soils developed from breccia pumice and sandstone have soil classification as Typic Paleudults and Typic Dystrudepts. These soil types are suitable for cocoa plant cultivation; however, they require mechanical conservation through terrace construction and improved drainage by incorporating organic materials or compost into the soil, which can significantly enhance soil porosity, enabling better water retention and drainage.

Soil Development and Land Suitability for Cacao on Sandstone and Pumice Breccia in the Semilir Formation in Ponjong District, Gunungkidul Regency, Indonesia

The parent material of the Semilir Formation, which consists of breccia pumice and sandstone, was located in the villages of Sawahan and Umbulrejo, Ponjong district, and it influences the genesis and soil types. This study utilized survey and laboratory analysis methods. Two soil profiles were studied: the first profile was located in Sawahan Village with breccia pumice as the parent material, while the second profile was in Umbulrejo Village with sandstone as the parent material. The research results indicated that soils developed from breccia pumice had diagnostic horizons of umbric epipedon and argillic endopedon with an advanced soil development stage. Soils developed from sandstone had diagnostic horizons of umbric epipedon and cambic endopedon with a young soil development stage. This affects the chemical properties of the soil. Soils formed from pumice breccia tend to have base saturation of less than 50% with low exchangeable bases, while soils formed from sandstone have base saturation of >50% with high exchangeable bases. Soils developed from breccia pumice and sandstone have soil classification as Typic Paleudults and Typic Dystrudepts. These soil types are suitable for cocoa plant cultivation; however, they require mechanical conservation through terrace construction and improved drainage by incorporating organic materials or compost into the soil, which can significantly enhance soil porosity, enabling better water retention and drainage.

Valorization of sewage sludge incineration ash as a novel soilless growing medium for urban agriculture and greenery

Limited open areas for urban agriculture and greenery have led to the search for innovative, sustainable growing media to strengthen the food supply and improve atmospheric quality for a resilient city. Rampant land developments have caused soil to become increasingly scarce. Sewage sludge incineration ash (SSIA), the by-product of waste-to-energy (WtE) incineration of sewage sludge, is a major municipal waste containing phosphorus-fertilizing nutrients. For the first time, we investigated the novel application of SSIA as a soilless plant-growing medium with built-in fertilizer. SSIA outperformed topsoil in bulk density, water-holding capacity, porosity, and nutrient content. However, it was found that SSIA has a high salinity and should be treated first. Wheatgrass (Triticum aestivum L.), a fast-growing glycophyte, thrived in the desalinated SSIA, showing growth and nutrient content comparable to the topsoil case. Simultaneously, it demonstrated phytoremediation. The SSIA residue was then recycled into cementitious materials, using desalinating water for mixing. SSIA upcycle into a growing medium facilitates urban resource management by utilizing nutrients in sewage waste for eco-friendly plant cultivation, benefiting urban agriculture and greenery. It is also a prudent valorization step before further recycling SSIA to reduce landfill requirements.

Effects of water stress on apoplastic barrier formation in soil grown roots differ from hydroponically grown roots: Histochemical, biochemical and molecular evidence.

In root research, hydroponic plant cultivation is commonly used and soil experiments are rare. We investigated the response of 12-day-old barley roots, cultivated in soil-filled rhizotrons, to different soil water potentials (SWP) comparing a modern cultivar (cv. Scarlett) with a wild accession ICB181243 from Pakistan. Water potentials were quantified in soils with different relative water contents. Root anatomy was studied using histochemistry and microscopy. Suberin and lignin amounts were quantified by analytical chemistry. Transcriptomic changes were observed by RNA-sequencing. Compared with control with decreasing SWP, total root length decreased, the onset of endodermal suberization occurred much closer towards the root tips, amounts of suberin and lignin increased, and corresponding biosynthesis genes were upregulated in response to decreasing SWP. We conclude that decreasing water potentials enhanced root suberization and lignification, like osmotic stress experiments in hydroponic cultivation. However, in soil endodermal cell suberization was initiated very close towards the root tip, and root length as well as suberin amounts were about twofold higher compared with hydroponic cultivation.

Impact of medicinal plants cultivation on rural livelihoods: the case of South Khorasan Province in Iran

Impact of medicinal plants cultivation on rural livelihoods: the case of South Khorasan Province in Iran

PENGETAHUAN PETANI DALAM BUDIDAYA CABAI RAWIT DI DESA LAPANDEWA MAKMUR KECAMATAN LAPANDEWA KABUPATEN BUTON SELATAN

Cayenne pepper cultivation represents one of the most promising agricultural enterprises in the region, offering significant potential for growth and development. The objective of this study was to assess the level of knowledge and expertise among farmers engaged in the cultivation of cayenne pepper plants in Lapandewa Makmur Village, Lapandewa District, South Buton Regency. The population of interest in this study was the total number of cayenne pepper farmers in Lapandewa Makmur Village, which was 22 farmers. The sample was determined using the census method, whereby the total population was used as a sample in the study, namely 22 respondents. Data collection techniques employed observation, interview, and documentation methods using media in the form of questionnaires. This research is quantitative in nature. Data were processed using quantitative descriptive analysis using the class interval formula. The results indicated that the level of knowledge of farmers in cayenne pepper cultivation activities in Lapandewa Makmur Village was at a high level of knowledge category. This level of knowledge encompasses the following areas: seed procurement, land processing, planting, maintenance, pest control, harvest, and post-harvest. The farmers demonstrated an adequate level of knowledge regarding the processes of seed procurement, land processing, planting, pest control, harvesting, and post-harvesting. However, they exhibited an insufficient level of knowledge regarding the maintenance of cayenne pepper plants.

OPTIMALISASI PEMANFAATAN SAYURAN HIDROPONIK MENJADI PRODUK COOKIES DAN MIE KERING KAYA GIZI OLEH KELOMPOK WANITA TANI (KWT) GUMUKREJO KABUPATEN PRINGSEWU

This activity was motivated by the main activity of the Kelompok Wanita Tani (KWT) Gumukrejo, Pagelaran Regency is hydroponic cultivation of vegetable plants. Hydroponics is a plant cultivation technique that uses water as a growing medium which contains certain levels of nutrients and oxygen. Several types of vegetable plants that have been cultivated by KWT Gumukrejo members are lettuce, bok choy, kale and red spinach. So far, the results of vegetableproduction have been processed without modification or in the form of processed food or products that have high selling value. This KWT has never received information related to the use of vegetable plants from hydroponiccultivation production into processed food or food products, namely noodles and cookies. Modification of this product is by substitution of cultivated vegetable plants. This food product is easy to make, has a longer shelf life, has high nutritional value and high economic value. The implementation stages include outreach and education activities to provide understanding to partners regarding the results of situation analysis regarding the use of hydroponic vegetables and training in making processed food products from hydroponic vegetable plants. The implementation time for this activity will be carried out for 1 month in December 2022 – January 2023. The target of this activity is all 15 members ofthe Kelompok Wanita Tani (KWT). Program evaluation for this activity was carried out by analyzing the level of knowledge and skills of all KWT members using pre-test and post-test instruments. The program sustainability plan withpartners is expected to be able to carry out product development independently by accepting orders from consumers, marketing using social media.

Monoterpenoid synergy: a new frontier in biological applications.

Monoterpenoids, compounds found in various organisms, have diverse applications in various industries. Their effectiveness is influenced by the oil's chemical composition, which in turn is influenced by plant genotype, environmental conditions, cultivation practices, and plant development stage. They are used in various industries due to their distinctive odor and taste, serving as ingredients, additives, insecticides, and repellents. These compounds have synergistic properties, resulting in superior combined effects over discrete ones, potentially beneficial for various health purposes. Many experimental studies have investigated their interactions with other ingredients and their antibacterial, insecticidal, antifungal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. This review discusses potential synergistic interactions between monoterpenoids and other compounds, their sources, and biological functions. It also emphasizes the urgent need for more research on their bioavailability and toxicity, underlining the importance and relevance of this comprehensive study in the current scientific landscape.

How Nano-ZnO Affect Tomato Fruits (Solanum lycopersicum L.)? Analysis of Selected Fruit Parameters.

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), as one of the most valuable horticulture crops, was chosen to investigate the effect of nanoparticles (NPs) in the form of nano-ZnO combined with conventional fertilizer on the quality of tomato fruits, including their antioxidant potential (total antioxidant activity, lycopene and β-carotene content), sugars content and allergenic potential (profilin and Bet v 1 content). Nano-ZnO was implemented during plant cultivation, applied by foliar spraying or directly via soil, at three different concentrations (50, 150 and 250 mg/L). The obtained results suggest that the usage of NPs during tomato plant cultivation had minor impacts on parameters such as total antioxidant activity or the content of selected allergens. Even though the total antioxidant activity was not affected by nano-ZnO, the malondialdehyde activity (MDA) content was notably decreased in fruits under nano-ZnO treatment. The content of lycopene and β-carotene was significantly affected by the use of nano-ZnO. Moreover, the usage of nano-ZnO significantly increased the total sugar content in fruits treated with nanoparticles via foliar spraying. Based on the obtained results, it can be stated that nano-ZnO, regardless of the method of application, significantly affected tomato fruits which can be beneficial for fruit production.