Oyster Mushroom Cultivation Research Articles

The Effect of Different Lignocellulose Biomass-Based Substrates on the Enhancement of Growth, Yield, and Nutritional Composition of Grey Oyster Mushrooms

The local agricultural industry has produced a lot of biomass waste from agro-based materials, which contain much lignocellulose that can be used as substrates for oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) cultivation. This study aims to compare the effect of different lignocellulose biomass-based substrates on oyster mushrooms’ growth, yield, and nutritional composition. Three different substrates (cassava peel, sugarcane bagasse, and sawdust) were prepared, and the growth response was observed and measured. The fastest mycelial colonization was achieved from sugarcane bagasse after 29 days of cultivation. Oyster mushrooms grown with sugarcane bagasse substrate showed the highest carbohydrate, fiber, and energy content with 10.70%, 7.70%, and 52.00 kcal, respectively, compared to mushrooms grown with other substrates. The biological efficiency of sugarcane bagasse is also comparable to sawdust. Thus, it can be concluded that sugarcane bagasse has a high potential to be used as an alternative biomass-based substrate for cultivating P. ostreatus with enhancement on the growth, yield, and nutritional composition.

THE TRAINING IN TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY CONDITIONING EQUIPMENT UTILIZATION FOR THE OYSTER MUSHROOM CULTIVATION BUSINESS AT PONGANGAN GUNUNGPATI

Oyster mushroom farming is a business practice for six SMEs in the Pongangan Gunungpati region. The fact that the production tools still in use are basic presents one of the main challenges to oyster mushroom cultivation. The production scale for fresh oyster mushrooms is still quite limited, and it has not been able to satisfy market demand. Additionally, production standards and good crop management have not been adopted. Among MSME members, production management and marketing management are still conducted independently, so that the circulation of fresh mushroom production and marketing is not optimal. Changes in climate and seasons are difficult to foresee and have a propensity to occur, and the popular perception that mushroom cultivation is difficult and can only be done in the highlands contributes to the low level of interest in mushroom farming. The inability of mushroom farmers to condition the mushroom house in accordance with applicable regulations and the absence of technology capable of maintaining stable temperature and humidity in the mushroom house area. Currently, mushroom growers in the Pongangan subdistrict still utilize a rudimentary irrigation mechanism and manually water their crops each morning and evening. The objective of the performed service activities is to use appropriate technology to condition the air’s temperature and humidity to match the natural circumstances of oyster mushrooms.

Adaptive Fuzzy in Agriculture System

Industrial Revolution 4.0 focuses all elements of industry to enter the digital era of governance with a variety of systems, which have been created to provide easy management support, consistency of production, maintain product quality and so on. In agriculture and plantations, the collaborative utilization of detection systems from sensors such as temperature, humidity and light intensity, as well as fuzzy logic algorithm approaches, is expected to produce adaptive operational auxiliary systems. Study for the conditioning of oyster mushroom cultivation room, with research environmental data in the form of temperatures ranging from 15-33 Celsius which will be used for hot and cold classification, humidity 47-99 %RH for classification of high and low humidity conditions and light intensity in the range of values of 80-800 lumens for the classification of dark and bright conditions. The process approaches a combination of rules in forming inference and defuzzification machines that are close to the expected real value. Tsukamoto's method, which was tested in this system research, was able to strengthen the form of fuzzy inference machines to assist in adaptive management of modern cultivation.

Study on nutrients, non-volatile compounds, volatile compounds and antioxidant capacity of oyster mushroom cultivated with corn distillers’ grains

Although corn dried distillers' grains (DDG) can be used as a supplement for oyster mushroom cultivation, there are few relevant researches. In this study, oyster mushroom cultivated with different proportions of DDG and corncob mixes was investigated. Based on the cultivation parameters, nutrients, non-volatile compounds, volatile compounds, and in vitro antioxidant capacity of oyster mushrooms were analyzed and compared. The results suggested that the biological efficiency of oyster mushrooms cultivated with 25% and 50% DDG was increased by 33.05% and 26.93%, respectively, and that the protein content was increased by 6.27% and 8.28%, respectively. LC-MS analysis indicated that gallic acid, caffeic acid, erucic acid, linoleic acid and stearic acid were notably increased (p < 0.05). GC-MS analysis revealed that the increment of 1-Octen-3-ol, hexanal, nonanal and azulene offered sweet, grassy, meaty, fatty odor in the oyster mushroom. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging rate of oyster mushrooms cultivated on 25% DDG and 50% DDG mixture was higher, and the FRAP of the oyster mushrooms cultivated on 25% DDG mixture was better than the control. Moreover, this study also offers a theoretical basis and application significance for the cultivation of edible fungi with the DDG.

The Effect of Reeds and Washed Rice Water on The Growth and Production of White Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus Ostreatus)

This study aims to determine the effect of reeds as a planting medium and washed rice water on the growth and production of white oyster mushroom. The research was conducted in April-July 2021 in Polopadang, Kapala Pitu District, North Toraja Regency.The research was carried out in the form of a factorial experiment with 2 different factors arranged in a randomized block design (RBD), namely: As the treatment used Imperata and washed rice water. Imperata (reeds) as 1st factor consists of three treatment levels, namely R0 = control, R1 = 10% Reeds, R2 = 20% reeds, while washed rice water as 2nd factor consists of five treatment levels, namely W0 = control, W1 = 10 ml of washed rice water, W2 = 20 ml of washed rice water, W3 = 30 washed rice water, W4 = 40 ml of washed rice water. The results showed that the treatment of 10% Imperata (L1) and 10 ml water leri (L2) gave the best results on the growth and production of white oyster mushrooms in this case, namely: number of mushroom pin head, fresh fruit body weight, and mushroom diameter. Number of pin head and diameter of mushroom hood have a positive and significant correlation to weight of mushroom, each with a correlation coefficient 0.799 and 0.807. This research implies that the use of reeds and rice washing water in the cultivation of white oyster mushrooms has promising potential. This combination can promote mold growth, reduce production costs, and contribute to financial sustainability.

Sistem Monitoring Suhu dan Kelembaban pada Budidaya Jamur Tiram Menggunakan ESP32

In order to get a good yield of oyster mushrooms, oyster mushroom farmers need to have good and correct knowledge of oyster mushroom cultivation, from seeding methods, mushroom fertilization, to maintenance of room conditions for oyster mushroom cultivation, farmers also need to maintain a room temperature of 28oC and 60% humidity. RH. In this final project, a tool is designed that can make it easier for oyster mushroom cultivators in places where oyster mushrooms are not supposed to be cultivated, such as in the city of Sidoarjo or anywhere that has hot weather, a temperature of 28oC and humidity of 60% RH is needed to produce maximum yields. . This tool is designed with a DHT 22 sensor which functions as a temperature and humidity detector for oyster mushroom cultivation which will later send a digital signal to the ESP32 microcontroller to process display data in the blink application, to provide command processes through the blynk application to turn on the exhaust and water pump. With this research, through the integration of monitoring the blynk application, the ESP32 microcontroller, Exhaust, and water pump can be useful for field users. This tool can help mushroom farmers remotely monitor and control temperature and humidity in hot cities.

Design of a Smart Portable Farming Kit for Indoor Cultivation Using the Raspberry Pi Platform

The global crisis and climate change have resulted in severe food shortages worldwide. One of the solutions is self-farming by using smart farming technology. Smart and efficient agricultural production or smart farming using IoT sensors, big data, and cloud service has proven its value for a decade, but the effect depends on the agricultural environment of the country or society. Hence self-farming is likely the most feasible solution to avoid food scarcity. The smart farming system monitors and maintains essential growth parameters like light, temperature, and humidity to ensure maximum yield. In this paper, we propose a Smart Portable Farming Kit design, which is simple, lightweight, and durable to be placed indoors in an urban area. This prototype design uses the Internet of Things (IoT) based system for cultivating short-duration vegetables and mushrooms in an urban area with minimal user attention. The proposed design proved better than the traditional setup by increasing the mushroom yield. With Smart Portable Farming Kit, urban farming becomes a more viable alternative to increase food security, making oyster mushroom cultivation in the urban area easier and more profitable.

Automatic Mist Sprayer for Oyster Mushroom Cultivation Using Thingspeak IoT Platform and R Analytical Tool

In mushroom greenhouses at IKM Simbang Maros, watering is currently done manually using a hose and scheduled twice daily, without considering the optimal temperature and humidity for mushroom growth. This study aims to develop an automatic watering system for oyster mushroom cultivation using a DHT22 sensor to monitor temperature and humidity. The system is equipped with a NodeMCU ESP32 microcontroller and a mist sprayer, triggered by a relay to activate the water pump. An IoT platform using Thingspeak allows farmers to monitor temperature and humidity data in real-time on their smartphones. In a real case study, the device effectively maintained optimal humidity levels for mushroom growth, with the pump activating when humidity was below 85%. Data from 10 observations showed that the pump was active for 7 times. Data processing using R Studio showed the system's ability to stabilize humidity levels. The proposed system could help farmers optimize mushroom growth and reduce the labor required for manual watering.

Implementation Of Monitoring and Control Temperature and Humidity Based on IoT in The Oyster Mushroom Cultivation Room

Implementation Of Monitoring and Control Temperature and Humidity Based on IoT in The Oyster Mushroom Cultivation Room

The Water Footprint of Oyster mushroom (&lt;em&gt;Pleurotus ostreatus&lt;/em&gt;) Cultivation under Small-scale Polybag Farming Conditions in Sri Lanka

Purpose: Water footprint (WFP) is a widely used environmental indicator to compare and identify the strategies for better water use efficiency. The Objectives of the present study were to calculate and analyze the WFP of Oyster mushroom cultivation under small-scale farming conditions in Sri Lanka. Research Method: Water footprint was estimated as the sum of water used for preparing the mushroom growing substrate and the on-farm water requirement for the production of a ton of mushrooms. Production parameters and on-farm water usage of three small-scale Oyster mushroom farms were recorded. Findings: WFPs of growing substrates were low (591 - 642 m3/ton) and varied within a narrow range. The main on-farm water-consuming activities were the preparation of growing media, water for sterilization of media, spraying of water during the growing cycle, floor cleaning, and laborer’s water consumption. WFP of mushroom cultivation under the conditions specified in this study was 1181 m3/ton. Being the largest component, mushroom growing media accounted for 95% of the WFP. On-farm water requirement was found to be as low as 4.4 L/kg. WFP of mushrooms was lower than those reported for eggs, broiler meat, pork, beef, lentil, and soy meat. Nevertheless, the WFP of mushrooms, when expressed per unit of calorie or protein was higher than that of egg and soy meat. Originality/ Value: As the first reported WFP calculation for mushrooms in Sri Lanka, this study identified mushrooms as a water-efficient food item. Improvement in yield and shortening of the growing cycle were identified as the means of reducing the WFP of mushroom cultivation in Sri Lanka.

Increasing Productivity Of Oyster Mushroom Harvest By Applying Kumbung Cultivation Sanitation

Limau Manis Village is one of the villages in Pauh District, Padang City. Oyster mushroom cultivation can be carried out by farmer groups because the technology used is appropriate technology. Oyster mushroom cultivation can use equipment that is very familiar to the community and easy to obtain. Another advantage of oyster mushroom cultivation is that land use is not too large and there are not many pest attacks on oyster mushrooms. Oyster mushroom has a very broad market. the importance of kumbung sanitation to the members of the Sejahtera Limau Manis Oyster Mushroom Cultivation Group and making improvements to the kumbung of one of the members as a pilot for an ideal kumbung design

Kultivasi Jamur Tiram Putih (Pleurotus ostreatus) Pada Kayu Berat Dan Kayu Ringan Indonesia

Waste high fells form a log and twig wood type Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala), rubber (Hevea brasiliensis), randu (Ceiba pentandra), and balsa (Ochroma bicolor) can be used as a medium cultivation of Oyster Mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) to increase the value added of these four types of wood. The research aims to analyze the potential for the cultivation of Oyster Mushrooms white on media log and twig four types of wood, the nutrient content of mushrooms, and the appropriateness of business. The reserch used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 9 single factorial on media treatment of logs and twigs of four kindsdifferent wood; and baglog from sawdust as control. The results showed the average wet weight of fruiting bodies on rubber wood and lamtoro (heavy wood) in both the media logs and twigs , reaching 213 grams and is not significantly different from the control (262 grams) , but it is larger than other types of wood cottonwoods and balsa(light wood) which is, reaching only 130 grams. The efficiency of biological media from all kinds of wood twigs higher (29.6-36 %) and significantly different than logs (11-20.5 %). Vegetative phase on media of logs and twigs randu is faster (14 days) than other media and not significantly different. Generative phase (reproductive) kapok’s logs (62 days) and the branches (44 days) is longer and significantly different than other treatments. White Oyster Mushrooms nutritional content of all media types are quite good and worthy of consumption. White oyster mushroom cultivation using media log and twig are fit enough developed. &#x0D; Keywords: heavy wood, light wood, cultivation of white oyster mushroom, nutritional content

Identification and morpho-molecular characterization of low spore strain in oyster mushroom

Sporocarps of oyster mushroom liberate enormous spores and cause allergic reactions to workers involved in its cultivation. These spore-related allergies include stiffness or pain in the forearms, limbs, itchy throat, grogginess, and respiratory problems and are major problems during oyster mushroom cultivation. In this study, we have generated seven hybrids using single-spore isolates (SSIs) of Pleurotus ostreatus var. florida (DMRP-49) and P. ostreatus (DMRP-30). Chimera was observed during cultivation trial of these hybrids and led to the development of low spore-producing/sporeless strain (DMRP-395) as evident from spore print and microscopic analysis. Further, the cultivation trial of this sporeless strain revealed a bunchy fruiting pattern and required 20-24°C temperature for fruiting. At par yield was observed in sporeless strain. Notably, a prominent infundibuliform-shaped pileus along with central attachment of stipe was observed in the sporeless strain. Moreover, genetic diversity and principal component biplot analysis revealed resemblance of sporeless strain with one of the parental strain, i.e., P. ostreatus var. florida (DMRP-49). The developed sporeless strain (DMRP-395) contains high protein and at par yield as compared with the control (DMRP-136). This sporeless strain will be helpful to reduce spore-related allergic responses in mushroom growers.

Changes in nutrient and heavy metal content after vermicomposting of water hyacinth-based spent mushroom substrate

The spent biomass of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) after oyster mushroom cultivation is not much suitable for application as soil amendment. As a means to avoid environmental pollution and to decrease waste to landfill, the spent biomass was primarily composted with cow dung and then feed to red wiggler earthworm (Eisenia fetida) to transform it into vermicompost. The produced vermicompost showed significant reduction in salt concentration, electrical conductivity, available K concentration, C/N ratio and increase in pH, available N and P. The representative heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd) detected in the spent biomass of water hyacinth were derived from the initial plant biomass. Among these metals, concentration of Fe increased and that of Zn decreased significantly in the vermicompost, while the other metals did not show significant change. When applied as amendment to control soil for growth of radish plants, the vermicompost treatment resulted in significantly higher shoot and root biomass. Also, the amendment decreased the bioavailability of metals (especially Cd) and their accumulation in radish plants. The metal concentrations in the vermicompost and in the radish plants were found to fall within the permissible limits for compost and the normal range present in plants, respectively, indicating the suitability of the vermicompost for use as organic fertilizer. Utilization of the water hyacinth as substrate for oyster mushroom cultivation and recycling the spent mushroom substrate through vermicomposting could therefore provide food and fertilizer with no waste to landfill, changing the status of the invasive aquatic weed from a prolific pest to a potentially usable product.

Application of Internet of Things (IoT) Technology to KWT “Sido Makmur” Oyster Mushroom Cultivation

Ngaran Hamlet, an area in Gilangharjo Village, Pandak District, Bantul Regency, DIY, has a Women Farmers Group (KWT), "Sido Makmur," which is engaged in oyster mushroom cultivation. One of the challenges KWT "Sido Makmur" faces is the fluctuation and instability of oyster mushroom production due to environmental conditions around the mushroom barn, which are not always ideal. To overcome this, the Community Service Team from Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta (UMY), in collaboration with Singapore Polytechnic (SP), carried out Community Service activities under the Community Partnership (PKM) scheme. This service aims to assist KWT "Sido Makmur" in facing the challenges of oyster mushroom production by designing and implementing Appropriate Technology in the form of a temperature and humidity monitoring system in mushroom barns based on the Internet of Things (IoT). The service team's programs and activities include planning, designing, implementing, testing, and analyzing the IoT technology-based mushroom monitoring system for temperature and humidity. This system allows oyster mushroom farmers in Ngaran Hamlet to monitor the condition of the mushroom coop in real-time and remotely via the IoT platform to increase the productivity of oyster mushrooms optimally. The results of the implementation and testing of the system show that the monitoring tool for temperature and humidity in the IoT-based mushroom barn has been proven to function properly in accordance with the design planning and expectations of oyster mushroom farmers in Ngaran Hamlet.

Utilization of Agro-Industrial Wastes and Organic Supplements for Cultivation of Blue Oyster Mushroom

Mushroom cultivation is a cost-effective biotechnological approach for converting diverse lignocellulosic wastes into nutritionally rich food. Hypsizygus ulmarius is a high yielding mushroom gaining popularity nowadays. In the present study the suitability of various available agro-industrial wastes and supplements for the cultivation of H. ulmarius was evaluated. Results indicated that among the seven locally available substrates, wheat straw substrate was found to be the best substrate as the highest yield (744.08 g/0.6 Kg dry substrate) and biological efficiency (124.00 %) were obtained. Number of sporophores was more in wheat straw substrate while stipe length was longest in pine needles and cap diameter was recorded maximum in maize straw. Moreover, yield was also recorded more in wheat straw supplemented with cotton seed hull significantly followed by the same substrate when added with gram flour and rice bran. However, lowest yield was obtained when no supplement was added in wheat straw. Bangladesh J. Bot. 52(1): 179-185, 2023 (March)

Upaya Petani Jamur Tiram Putih sebagai Alternatif Usaha dalam Meningkatkan Perekonomian Masyarakat Kecamatan Sako Kota Palembang

White oyster mushroom (Pleuratus Florida) is one of the types of mushrooms that has become an alternative due to its beneficial nutritional content for the body, making it a promising business opportunity and an alternative for the community. However, to achieve success in oyster mushroom cultivation and business, the right knowledge and the courage to try are needed. The objectives of this study are to: 1) understand the history of oyster mushroom cultivation, 2) understand community responses to oyster mushroom cultivation, and 3) identify factors inhibiting oyster mushroom cultivation. This study uses qualitative research, with the author acting as an observer, directly observing the phenomena and behaviors to be studied. The results of this study indicate that: 1) Oyster mushroom cultivation has been done in China for 1,000 years and is popular in Indonesia as an alternative source of income for communities, and is not too complicated; 2) White oyster mushroom cultivation can be an alternative business for communities facing economic crises. This business is suitable for urban communities, with high demand, low capital, and easy to do; 3) Inhibiting factors in oyster mushroom cultivation lie in the farmer's expertise and factors such as temperature, light, air, pH, and humidity should be considered. Oyster mushroom cultivation can help improve the community's economy and open up business opportunities.

Pelatihan Pengembangan Strategi Pemasaran Jamur Tiram Putih Desa Ngijo Kecamatan Tasikmadu Kabupaten Karanganyar

Pokoh Hamlet, Ngijo Village, Tasikmadu District, Karanganyar has various potentials, one of which is the cultivation of white oyster mushrooms. The main constraints on the marketing aspect and the tight competition of oyster mushroom craftsmen. The PKM team intends to help Partners provide marketing strategy development training. With this training, partners are expected to have better marketing skills. The PkM activity was held on Saturday 25 March 2023 with the aim of providing training in developing marketing strategies. This training activity received a positive response from Partners. From the results of the question and answer, Partners have understood the material related to marketing strategy development. The results of this training are expected to be a provision for Partners in developing their business and making a major contribution to sales and profits.

Volume Kerja dan Waktu Penggilingan Tongkol Jagung pada Ukuran Produk/ Morfologi dalam Proses Ball Mill

The use of corncob powder is very wide in various industrial fields, namely as a source of dietary fiber, the basic material for making bio-plastics, partial replacement of cement in the manufacture of concrete, functional chemicals, oyster mushroom cultivation media. The most efficient method in producing corncob powder is the Ball Mill Process. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of working volume and milling time on the characteristics of corn cob powder. The research procedures include specimen preparation (including cutting and drying processes) and milling processes. The results obtained were then characterized using a scanning laser microscope (LSM) to analyze the morphology and size of the product, lower working volume results in a smaller powder production with a needle-like sharp edge morphology and a higher work volume also results in a powder that has a blunt edge morphology. Although working volume can potentially be used to control particle size, this parameter has a direct effect on powder yield. As for the long milling time, it produces a smaller powder size than the faster milling time.Â

VALUE ADDED PROCESSING MUSHROOMS FLOUR INTO COOKIES AT CV ASSALAM CIANJUR WITH BUSINESS MODEL CANVAS (BMC) APPROACH

CV Assalam is a company engaged in the cultivation of oyster mushrooms and produces mushroom flour as one of its products. The most popular flour derivative products are cookies. This is an opportunity for CV Assalam to produce cookies in order to gain added value and increase the company's revenue. The objectives of the research are 1) to formulate and review a business plan for oyster mushroom cookies at CV Assalam with the BMC approach, 2) to analyze the financial impact of the oyster mushroom cookies business on CV Assalam. The research method was the data source using primary and secondary data and descriptive analysis using the BMC approach. The results showed that processing oyster mushrooms into mushroom cookies is the right thing to do because it will get added value from mushroom products. CV Assalam must maximize product promotion through e-commerce and social media so that it is better known to the public. Based on financial analysis, it was found that processing mushroom flour into cookies could increase CV Assalam's net income by IDR 5,156,906/month.