Cultivation Of Medicinal Plants Research Articles

Direct and Indirect Effects of Essential Oils for Sustainable Crop Protection.

Plant essential oils (EOs) are gaining interest as biopesticides for crop protection. EOs have been recognized as important ingredients of plant protection products including insecticidal, acaricidal, fungicidal, and nematicidal agents. Considering the growing importance of EOs as active ingredients, the domestication and cultivation of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAPs) to produce chemically stable EOs contributes to species conservation, provides the sustainability of production, and decreases the variations in the active ingredients. In addition to these direct effects on plant pests and diseases, EOs can induce plant defenses (priming effects) resulting in better protection. This aspect is of relevance considering that the EU framework aims to achieve the sustainable use of new plant protection products (PPPs), and since 2020, the use of contaminant PPPs has been prohibited. In this paper, we review the most updated information on the direct plant protection effects of EOs, focusing on their modes of action against insects, fungi, and nematodes, as well as the information available on EOs with plant defense priming effects.

Inventarisasi Tumbuhan Berkhasiat Obat Sebagai Kandidat Elemen lansekap di Area Terdampak Inisiasi Bandara Kediri di Desa Bulusari

The initiation of the Kediri airport has had a direct impact on the availability of space in Bulusari village. Bulusari Village has a variety of medicinal plants which are still widely used by the community in their daily lives. However, the initiation of Kediri Airport has reduced the ecosystem space for medicinal plants. Conservation efforts need to be made to protect endemic species that can be synergized with the existence of Kediri Airport through the cultivation of medicinal plants as landscape elements. Inventory is the first step in conserving the diversity of medicinal plants in Bulusari village. The purpose of this study to conduct an inventory of medicinal plants that can be used as landscape elements in areas affected by the initiation of Kediri Airport in Bulusari Village. The method used is literature study, survey, observation and identification of medicinal plant names. Determination of the research location was done by purposive random sampling. Observations were made at three types of locations, namely telajakan, gardens and fields. Each sampling plot has an area of ​​10 x 10 m2. The inventory is focused on medicinal plants that just grow in nature or are not directly cultivated by humans. The results showed that there are 45 species of medicinal plants that have the potential as landscape elements with details of the functions as follows; 1) sunscreen, 2) pollutant absorber 3) privacy barrier, 4) wall, 5) space builder, 6) animal habitat, 7) erosion control, 8) aesthetic value, 9) physical barrier to movement of organisms and 10) ground cover.

Non-Target Metabolomics Revealed the Differences Between Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying Growing in Two Different Environments

Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying is a precious traditional herb medicine, which is used to treat rheumatism, bruises, menstrual irregularities, dysmenorrhea, abdominal pain, cough and other symptoms. It is also one of the raw materials for synthetic of anti-cancer drugs, thus has high value. However, few studies have focused on the influence of different environments on S. hexandrum, especially the differences in metabolites. In this study, the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-four-stage rod mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) was used to detect the difference in chemical components of S. hexandrum roots growing in shrubland and canopy environments. The differential metabolites of S. hexandrum were obtained by multivariate statistical analysis methods using orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The results indicated that, S. hexandrum developed into two distinct ecotypes under different environment conditions, and their metabolism also changed accordingly. In both positive and negative modes, total 1003 compounds were detected, of which 136 compounds had significantly changes. In shrubland and canopy environments, the content of Agremonine, esculetin-7-quinic acid, 5-methoxysalicylic acid, 5-(2-hydroxythyl)-2-O-glucosylohenol, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol-glucopyranoside, 2-(3-D-glucopyranosyloxy-4-hydroxyphenyl) ethanol-glucopyranoside, 6-prenylapigenin, 13-hydroperoxy-otadecadienoic acid, saccharic acid were the most significant up-regulated metabolites. Moreover, there were 20 most enriched KEGG pathways including the biosynthesis of flavonoid, flavone, flavonol, phenylpropanoid, and secondary metabolites; and the metabolism of ascorbate and aldarate. Overall, the results of this study will provide ideas for the cultivation of medicinal plants and the development and utilization of resources, and provide a new research approach for improving the content of target.

Screening of Antimicrobial and Antidiabetic Activities of Native and Cultivated Medicinal Plants of India

Screening of Antimicrobial and Antidiabetic Activities of Native and Cultivated Medicinal Plants of India

Pendampingan penerapan teknologi sistem monitoring dan penyiraman berbasis IoT pada budidaya tanaman obat keluarga

Assistance in the application of IoT-based monitoring and watering system technology in the cultivation of family medicinal plants (Toga) for the PKK group managing the Tosabu garden, Kramas Sub-district, Tembalang District, Semarang, aims to assist park managers, namely the Kramas Village PKK administrator, in caring for and cultivating various types of medicinal plants in a mini greenhouse with an area of 40 m2. Watering plants is a significant problem during the dry season. In addition, the restrictions on activities during the COVID-19 pandemic have also become an obstacle for park managers to take care of plants intensively. This happens because there is no regular system for watering plants due to the busyness of the gardeners. The implementation method in service starts from site surveys and problem inventory, system design and manufacture, installation, training for managers, and evaluation. Technology was designed and built using Arduino Uno and Nodemcu ESP8266 as the central controller and the Blynk application to monitor and control the system using a smartphone. The system is equipped with several sensors, including DHT11 as a temperature and humidity sensor, a soil moisture sensor, and a rain sensor. Twenty-four mini sprinkler sprayer nozzles are used as plant sprinklers installed on each side and top of the greenhouse. The sprinkler and plant monitoring system that has been made has been successfully tested and works well. The plant watering system created can operate automatically using a smartphone and manual operation. The results of the application of this technology can be used by partners and can overcome the problems faced in treating and cultivating family medicinal plants efficiently

Cultivation and conservation of underutilized medicinal and agricultural plants in India.

In the current era, the increased demand of healthy food rich in antioxidants, vitamins and minerals and those having therapeutic value has led to over-exploitation of major agricultural and medicinal plants. This overburden can be reduced by an efficient utilization of underutilized plants with nutritional and medicinal importance. These underutilized plants are neglected or undervalued ‘minor’ crops having low production and sale. These less documented and less studied group of underutilized plants are considered as a rich source of various phytochemicals and secondary metabolites having bioactive compounds. These underutilized wild herbs that have not gained much attention from commercial as well as scientific community were selected for the present study. The present review elucidates the significance of these plants and recent biotechnological methods to conserve them. The present study on such food and medically important herbs would contribute in a wide recognition of their benefits for our society.

Higher Temperature had Positive Effects on Seed Germination of Glycyrrhiza glabra under NaCl Stress

Background: Agricultural soils are affected by secondary salinization due to the fragile ecological environment and lack of scientific management. It is of interest to utilize the germplasm resources of salt-tolerant plants and improve their salinity stress resistance. Seed germination of the medicinal halophyte Glycyrrhiza glabra is affected by soil salt content and temperature during seeding. This study determined the favourable soil temperature for G. glabra seed germination in salinised soil. Methods: Four sodium chloride concentration gradients (control, hyposaline, medium-saline and hypersaline) and 3 temperatures (low- medium- and high temperature) were used for a total of 12 treatments; 30 seeds were utilised in each treatment and each treatment was repeated 3 times. Result: G. glabra seed germination indexes significantly decreased with increased salt concentration. Interestingly, higher temperature could improve the salt tolerance of seeds. Seed germination percentages of hyposaline, medium-saline and hypersaline treatments were higher at elevated temperature than those at low temperature by 33.53%, 127.1% and 41.7%, respectively and were higher than those at medium temperature by 14.1%, 121.6% and 54.6% respectively. Therefore, G. glabra seeds growing in saline habitats should be sown in summer. This study provided a scientific basis for medicinal plant cultivation in salinised soil.

Medicinal plant cultivation for sustainable use and commercialisation of high-value crops

Many traditional healing systems are based on natural biological resources, and there is a general shift in most parts of the world towards natural medicine, with direct implications on the demand and supply of medicinal plants. This review highlights the economic importance of medicinal plants, their contribution to healthcare systems, and potential opportunities for rural economic development through cultivation. A systematic literature review with specific search terms related to medicinal plants was used to collect scientific and non-scientific information from peer-reviewed literature and grey literature databases. The findings indicate that trade in medicinal plants is increasing, and although they are considered minor crops compared to major food crops, their value is among the highest in the list of traded plants globally. The trade also serves as a revenue source for many rural livelihoods, with women playing a significant role. Medicinal plants contribute to primary health care in many developing countries, and they are also an essential source of modern drug discovery. Cultivation of medicinal plants offers emerging rural farmers an opportunity to grow these plants as new and alternative crops, thus reducing unsustainable wild harvesting and competition with established commercial farmers who mostly focus on food crops. Furthermore, medicinal plant cultivation should be promoted as one of the options for local economic development and sustainability through job creation, the revival of the rural economy, and income generation for small businesses, such as the transport businesses, involved in the value chain. Land accessibility, financial resources, and direct market access for rural communities can elevate their contribution to the industry. Formalisation of the lower levels of the medicinal plant trade is also recommended. Significance: Cultivation is a viable option for biodiversity conservation of medicinal plants and ensuring a goodquality supply of plant materials. Cultivation of medicinal plants – a source of natural products used in product development – can contribute to job creation, income generation, and rural economies in developing countries. This review underlines the importance of medicinal plants in product development, the contribution of the industry to economies of different countries, and the potential for cultivation.

Constraints in Cultivation of Medicinal Plants in Nagaur District of Rajasthan

The practice of growing herbs is a very ancient trend, and several studies have been conducted and are still being conducted in this field. It is terrible that we do not seem embarrassed to admit this, even when we are just beginning this practise. It is true that there has never been a complete standardisation of this agricultural certification. Herbs are a good option during this transitional time. It is imperative that you proceed with extreme caution if you plan to engage in agriculture. The present study deals with the problems and prospects in cultivation of Medicinal Plants. The study was conducted in Nagaur district of Rajasthan. A sample study of 11 villages out of ten tehsils of Nagaur district has been done. By selecting 11 sample villages from different tehsils of Nagaur district as primary sources, an attempt has been made to collect data and information and analyse various aspects of problems related to the cultivation of medicinal plants in the area. In the past years, the surprising changes in the general cropping pattern and the facts related to it have been studied and various dimensions of cultivation of medicinal plants have been studied considering tehsil wise level as the regional base unit. The problem of saline water, lack of surface water resources and problems in propagation of medicinal plants are the major problems faced by the farmers in the study area.

Profitability options of medicinal plants production under risk: Understanding from Aloe vera, Bombax ceiba root and Withania somnifera cultivation in North-West Region, Bangladesh

Medicinal plants (MPs) cultivation are an integral part of agricultural diversification, sustainable livelihoods, and profitable options for farmers in Bangladesh. The study is conducted to examine the profitability scenarios of MPs under different risks, i.e. price, yield and market absorption. Primary data were collected from 196 MPs growers of Aloe vera, Bombax ceiba root and Withania somnifera from Natore and Bogura districts of Bangladesh. Monte-Carlo simulation method is applied with considering the embedded risks. Results show that MPs production is profitable alternative to traditional crops in the study area. A. vera production is more profitable compared with B. ceiba root and W. somnifera. The lion share of cost is for human labor followed by seedlings for the selected MPs. Results from Monte-Carlo simulation indicate that there is a significant negative impact on growers’ profits taking into consideration of price, yield and market absorption risks, however, there is a greater possibility of making a profit from A. vera, B. ceiba and W. somnifera production by addressing these risks. The policy should be triggered on taking risk reduction strategies emphasizing more prices and market absorption of MPs by the farmers through establishing contract farming. Farmers should exploit more efficient marketing channels by contracting upstream market actors and avoid traditional long channels that they solely rely on.

Effects of LED supplemental lighting on the growth and metabolomic profile of Taxus baccata cultivated in a smart greenhouse.

Light emitting diode (LED) lamps are increasingly being studied in cultivation of horticultural, ornamental and medicinal plants as means to increase yield, quality, stress resistance, and bioactive compounds content. Enhancing the production of metabolites for medicinal or pharmaceutical use by regulating LED intensity and spectra is a challenging subject, where promising results have been achieved. Nevertheless, some species have been poorly investigated, despite their interest as a source of medicinally active substances, with particular reference to LED effects at the plant cultivation level. This study evaluates the effects of supplementary top-light LED treatments on Taxus baccata, one of the main sources of taxane precursors. Blue, red and mixed red–and-blue spectra were tested at 100 μM m-2 s-1. Moreover, 50 and 150 μM m-2 s-1 intensities were tested for the mixed spectrum. All treatments were set for 14 hours a day and were tested against natural light as control treatment, in a controlled environment, from 19 August to 9 December 2019, this latter date representing 112 days after treatment (DAT) began. A smart monitoring and control system powered by environmental and proximal sensors was implemented to assure homogeneity of temperature, humidity, and base natural light for all the treatments. It resulted in negligible deviations from expected values and reliable exclusion of confusing factors. Biometric measurements and 1H-NMR based metabolomic analysis were performed to investigate growth and phytochemical profile throughout the trial. One-way ANOVA showed that supplemental LED lighting increased plant height and number of sprouts. Considering the mixed red–and-blue spectrum, plant height increased almost proportionally from control to 100 μM m-2 s-1 (+20% at 112 DAT), with no further increase at higher intensity. The number of sprouts was strongly enhanced by LED treatments only in the early phase (48.9 vs. 7.5 sprouts in the averaged 50, 100 and 150 μM m-2 s-1 vs. the control at 28 DAT), with no differences related to intensity in the very early stage, and more persisting effects (up to 56 DAT) for higher intensities. After the very early growth stages (28 DAT), plant vigor showed a modest although significant increase over time compared to the control, with no differences related to light intensity (0.81 vs. 0.74 of NDVI in the averaged 50, 100 and 150 μM m-2 s-1 vs. the control, across 56, 84 and 112 DAT). The different spectra tested at 100 μM m-2 s-1 showed no significant differences in growth parameters, except for a slight beneficial influence of blue (alone or with red) compared to only red for sprouting. According to the metabolomic analysis, treated plants at 28 DAT were characterized by the highest content of sucrose and aromatic compounds. Signals of a putative taxane were detected in the 1H NMR profiles of plants, which were compared to the spectrum of baccatin III standard. However, the intensity of these spectral signals was not affected by the treatment, while they increased only slightly during time. Light at 150 μM m-2 s-1 induced the strongest variation in the metabolome. Conversely, light composition did not induce significant differences in the metabolome.

Potential of Microbes Containing Formulations to Alter Growth and Phytochemicals of Medicinal Aromatic Plant- Foeniculum Vulgare

Sustainable plant production with the integration of eco-friendly agricultural practices, low chemical inputs, minimal deleterious effects on human health and low cost methods, is the need of the moment. In this direction, scientific/industrial community, continuously exploring novel and reliable methods. Plant growth promoting microbes are proving more promising to achieve eco-friendly and sustainable agricultural outcomes. In the present study, individuals of Foeniculum vulgare, a valuable aromatic plant species with potential medicinal value, were inoculated with different plant growth promoting microorganisms: (1) Arbuscular mycorrhizal like fungi (Sebacina vermifera) (2) Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens) (3) Azotobacter (Azotobacter chroococcum). Response of individual microorganism species was evaluated with reference to the emergence, plant growth and yield of essential oil along with qualitative effects on essential oil. Comparatively, significant response of Sebacina vermifera, in the stimulation of emergence of seeds, growth of plant and yield enhancement of essential oil was observed. An enhanced synthesis of anethole (major chemical constituent) was also recorded. Moreover, the enhancement in growth of plants was dependent on the extent of colonization percentage. A periodic study of growth parameters indicates plant’s health and vitality influenced by Sebacina vermifera. The enhanced essential oil of seeds along with enhanced synthesis of anethole was in agreement with the assumption that Sebacina vermifera trigger defensive responses and hence improve phytochemical production. A mechanistic insight is also illustrated. In conclusion Sebacina vermifera possesses immense potentials in the pursuit of agro-ecological attributes of medicinal plant cultivation and crop production. It exerts excellent growth effects and enhances phytochemical production in medicinal plants.

DOMESTICATION AND CONSERVATION OF ENDANGERED MEDICINAL FLORA AT TWO AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ZONES OF PAKISTAN.

Northern Pakistan is known for its rich medicinal flora however, more than 150 species are at a greater risk of becoming endangered, mainly due to natural disaster, climate change, nomadic grazing and over harvesting for its ethno-botanical use. Proper domestication and conservation measures is necessary to conserve the medicinal flora. Experimental trials to examine the growth of medicinal plants in the location: Swat and Chitral, wild habitats, fertilizer and control (no fertilizers). Data show that various treatments significantly effected plant Height (cm), plants density m-2, root yield kg ha-1, and Income Rs ha-1 in both the locations. The economical analysis of the data revealed that the maximum income for Glycyrrhiza glabra (840,000 PKR ha-1) and Trillium govanianum (481,325 PKR ha-1) was recorded in NPK applied plots. Simlalry, minimum (220,000 PKR ha-1) for Glycyrrhiza glabra and (104,854 PKR ha-1) recorded for Trillium govanianum in their wild habitat in both the locations. Likewise, maximum morphological growth, yield and income of medicinal plants in Swat valley was higher than Chitral. Furthermore, the production of the medicinal plants in wild habitat is comparatively lower and thus improved production technology is suggested to get higher yield. The findigs revealed that Swat valley is most suitable and productive for the cultivation of medicinal plants as compared to the location Chitral. In addition, growing medicinal plants will be popularized among the farming communities of Pakistan and the gerplasm of these endangered species will be conserved for future use.
 Key words: Medicinal plants, Endangered wild flora, domestication, cultivation, conservation.

Use of Intermediate Crops in the Establishment of Sown Parsley (Coriandrum Sativum L.) Plantations

The article states that the Coriandrum sativum L. plant can be used as an intermediate crop in the establishment of plantations. Experiments have shown that the use of intermediate crops in the cultivation of cashmere (Coriandrum sativum L.) on plantations has yielded effective results. In particular, in the cultivation of Coriandrum sativum L., the use of intermediate crops for one year increased the yield to 6%, and in the case of continuous crop rotation using intermediate crops, this figure increased to 12-14%. The use of intermediate crops in the cultivation of medicinal and spice plants is important not only to improve the structure of the soil, but also to increase its economic efficiency.

Budidaya Tanaman Sayuran dan Tanaman Obat Keluarga di Pekarangan Berbasis Pertanian Ramah Lingkungan di Kecamatan Sariwangi

The potential of agricultural resources is one of the great potentials possessed by Tasikmalaya Regency, especially Sariwangi District. Management of yard land by utilizing the role of women can be a solution in optimizing yard land to increase food yields. The objectives of the activity "Cultivation of Family Vegetables and Medicinal Plants in the Garden-Based on Environmentally Friendly Agriculture in Sariwangi District" are: 1) Cultivating family vegetables and medicinal plants, 2) Increasing the active role of women, especially members of women farmer groups in optimizing yard land, 3) With the selection of environmentally friendly-based agriculture, namely as an alternative to the production of healthy food. This system cultivates plants by minimizing the use of chemicals, which in the future will ensure the sustainability of farming. The implementation of Community Service for the Food Security Scheme was carried out in the Srikandi Tani Women Farmer Group (KWT) in Peundeuy Village, Sukaharja Village, Sariwangi District, and the Sukariksa III Farmer Women's Group (KWT) Benjan Village, Sukamulih Village, Sariwangi District. The methods of implementing this PbM-KP activity are: a) Conducting interviews with members of the Women Farmers Group (KWT) Srikandi Tani and Sukariksa III, b) Counseling and practice activities regarding the cultivation of vegetables and family-based medicinal plants that are environmentally friendly c) Evaluation to find out how much great success of the implementation of these activities. The evaluation results show that on average the KWTs have played an active role in optimizing their yards through the cultivation of family vegetables and medicinal plants. Several types of vegetables have been able to enjoy the results.

Pendampingan Kesehatan Masyarakat melalui Pembuatan Apotek Hidup Desa Dunggala, Kec. Batudaa, Kab. Gorontalo

This KKN-Thematic Activity Program aims as an effort to improve health in the village of Dunggala especially during the Covid-19 pandemic to minimize / reduce and break the chain of spread of Covid-19. In the current pandemic, sufficient and good immunity is needed. Traditional medicine plays a role in maintaining the body's immunity. When compared to chemical drugs, folk remedies tend to be safer because the active substances in folk remedies are lower than those of chemical drugs. Therefore, the cultivation of medicinal plants is considered important. The method used in the KKN-Thematic program is the provision of examples of making live pharmacies and community development through socialization. This activity was held in Dunggala Village, Batudaa Subdistrict, Gorontalo Regency, and was integrated with Real Work Lecture (KKN), Research and Community Service Institute (LPPM) of Gorontalo State University (UNG) in 2021. This activity is supported directly by the Dunggala Village apparatus, led by the Dunggala Village Chief as a partner in this program.

Short-term effect of biochar on the improvement of calcareous soil biological properties and marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) growth under greenhouse conditions in a Mediterranean climate

In the cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants may be possible to improve the biological properties of the soil and to grow plants with properties close to those in the natural environment by using the valuable organic matter resources obtained by special methods such as biochar in an economical. In this study, oak wood biochar (OBC) was used as fertilizing material for aromatic marjoram cultivation and applied to soil as follows: 0 t ha-1 OBC-control (OBC-0), 20 t ha-1 OBC (OBC-2), 40 t ha-1 OBC (OBC-4), 60 t ha-1 OBC (OBC-6), 0 t ha-1 OBC + chemical fertilizer (OBC-0+CF), 20 t ha-1 biochar + chemical fertilizer (OBC-2+CF), 40 t ha-1 biochar + chemical fertilizer (OBC-4+CF), 60 t ha-1 biochar + chemical fertilizer (OBC-6+CF). Afterwards, the effects of the applications on the biological properties of the soil where marjoram is grown and the physical properties of the plant, volatile oil yield and oil components were investigated. Accordingly, it was determined that the number of bacteria and enzyme activities (dehydrogenase, urease, alkaline phosphatase, β-glycosidase) of the soil reached ​​with the biochar applications alone. It was determined that the application that increased the green herb yield the most with the fresh and dry weight of marjoram was the application of the biochar with chemical fertilizer added. On the other hand, in contrast to the addition of chemical fertilizers, it was determined that the application of biochar alone increased the volatile oil rate and the amount of carvacrol and thymol in the plant.

Pemanfaatan Eco Enzyme Sebagai Pupuk Cair Di KWT Sekar Melati

The yard of the house can provide benefits for family life if it is managed properly, can be planted with various vegetables and family medicinal plants (aloe vera) and can be an important part in supporting food security. Household waste in the form of vegetable residues, fruit peels that have been considered waste can be converted into multipurpose eco-enzyme fluids. The purpose of the community service activity is to train and set an example for the Women Farmers Group (WFG)Sekar Melati in Sanggrahan, Plumbon, Banguntapan, Bantul, Yogyakarta, to make eco-enzymes from vegetable waste and fruit peels including aloe vera skin as liquid organic fertilizer for vegetable crops and as a disinfectant. Problems faced include WFG not knowing how to manufacture and benefiting from eco-enzyme (EE) from fruit peel waste and vegetable residue. The yard land has not been optimally utilized, does not know the correct plant cultivation techniques in polybags, especially the manufacture of planting media and plant maintenance. To find solutions to these problems, counseling and training on EE manufacturing technology were carried out. Transfer of technology for the cultivation of organic vegetables and family medicinal plants (aloe vera). The results of the WFG activities that have been carried out are that the partner group Sekar Melati is very enthusiastic in participating in all the community service activities provided. WFG Sekar Melati has been able to make eco enzyme, apply eco enzyme as liquid organic fertilizer and disinfectant. WFG Sekar Melati already knows how to make the right planting media for planting vegetable seeds and aloe vera for use in the yard.

AL MUBARAK SUDIANG ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL STUDENTS EMPOWERED IN THE CULTIVATION AND UTILIZATION OF MEDICINAL PLANTS

Based on interviews with a partner, the following community partner issues were lack of medicinal plants gardens around the Al Mubarak Sudiang Islamic boarding school, lack of knowledge and introduction to the types of plants with medicinal properties, and lack of knowledge about the health benefits of medicinal plants. Using traditional medicinal plants is the community's active participation in solving health problems. The community service partner were students in Al Mubarak boarding school. The solution to overcome the partner's problems was empowerment with a participatory learning approach emphasizing learning through consultation, training, coaching, and demonstration/simulation of medicinal plant cultivation and utilization. Then, the authors evaluated program implementation and sustainability before and after activities. The evaluation showed increased achievement levels in all success indicators. Thus, this community service had significant benefits for all participants. In conclusion, the empowerment of students in Al Mubarak Sudiang Islamic Boarding School can increase their knowledge in medicinal plants cultivation and utilization, skills in medicinal plants cultivation, and medicinal plants utilization. The local government should support and participate in the sustainability of this community service through small industries producing healthy drinks from medicinal plants.

Yield Studies of Withania somnifera (L. Dunal) in Reference to Vindhya Region

The purpose of cultivation of medicinal plants is to get good return from the crop. The yield of Root, in Ashwagandha is the main purpose of growing this crop. The results shown for all the three varieties were good and the Poshita variety showed the best Root yield Production in the Vindhyan Region. The Net return was estimated for JA 20 was 1, 24,100 Rs/ha. For JA 134 was 1, 19, 500 Rs/ha and for Poshita, it was 1, 65,400 Rs/ha.