Fruit Cultivation Research Articles

Ефективність застосування мікродобрив в інтенсивному саду яблуні ТОВ «Харківська фруктова компанія»

The use of biostimulating microfertilizers during foliar feeding makes it possible to reduce the introduction of mineral fertilizers into the soil. This method of fertilization is safe for the environment because the nutrients are applied in controlled amounts. The purpose of our research was to evaluate the effect of foliar fertilization of apple trees on productivity, commercial quality of fruits and economic efficiency. As a result of the research, a positive effect of the use of biostimulants in intensive apple plantations of Gala, Pinova, Fuji, Red Jonaprinz varieties was established. In the course of research, biological preparations of the company "Timak Agro Ukraine" of the brands Maxifruit, Fertileader Elite, Fertileader Axis were used. Application of these drugs was carried out according to the scheme: when the average size of the fruits was 30 mm, foliar treatment with biostimulants at the rate of 3 l/ha was carried out, followed by repetition after 10 days. To assess the effect of the biological preparation, apples were sorted into fractions according to the diameter of the fruit - less than 60 mm, 60-69 mm, 70-75 mm, more than 75 mm. They also calculated the yield and evaluated the marketable quality of the harvested fruits. It has been proven that foliar treatment of trees with biological preparations helps to increase the size of fruits, which in turn reduces the number of non-standard products (fruits with a diameter of less than 60 mm) and significantly increases the share of fruits larger than 70 mm. Due to their anti-stress properties, biological preparations had the maximum effect on the fruits of the Pinova variety, which is not sufficiently resistant to high temperatures and low air humidity, increasing the share of fruits larger than 70 mm by 21.4 % compared to the control and the small-fruited Gala variety, for which this increase was equal to 12.9 %. It was established that as a result of increasing yield, improving the size, and therefore the marketability of fruits, the average sale price increased, which in turn increased the economic efficiency of fruit cultivation. Key words: apple tree, variety, foliar fertilization, product quality, yield, economic efficiency.

Prouzrokovač čađave pegavosti lista i krastavosti ploda kruške Venturia pirina (Aderh.)

Pear is one the most important cultivated fruit species in Serbia, after plum and apple with high-quality fruits. Pear scab is an economically important disease of pears all over the world where pears are grown, including Serbia. Knowledge on the life cycle is of key importance for the forecasting and control of this disease. Mills' table is used in the forecasting of the disease, similar to the case of apple scab. The control of this pathogen relies mostly on preventive measures. Challenges in contemporary agricultural production trigger a necessity to find new ways to control this disease, to introduce an integrated approach to the cultivation of this crop, in order to simplify protection, reduce production costs and preserve the environment to make production sustainable.

Natural parasitism in fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) and interaction with wild hosts surrounding apple orchards adjacent to Atlantic Forest fragments in Paraná State, Brazil.

The South American fruit fly, Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is an important pest in the subtropical region of Brazil. This insect has tritrophic relation between wild fruits and parasitoids and is associated with apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) orchards adjacent to the Atlantic Forest in Paraná. We thus investigated the degree of infestation of the fruit fly and natural parasitism in wild and cultivated fruits surrounding apple orchards. For this purpose, we collected fruits of Acca sellowiana (Berg.) Burret, Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Mart), Eugenia uniflora L., Eugenia pyriformis Cambessèdes, Psidium cattleianum Sabine, Psidium guajava (L.), Annona neosericea Rainer and Eriobotrya japonica (Thumb) in apple orchards adjacent to the Atlantic Forest located in Campo do Tenente, Lapa and Porto Amazonas counties. In total, we collected 18,289 fruits during four growing years. The occurrence of A. fraterculus depends on the susceptible period of apple fruits. A. sellowiana and P. cattleianum were considered primary fruit fly multipliers and P. guajava was secondary, all occurring after the apple harvest (IS period). The group of parasitoids with A. fraterculus was Aganaspis pelleranoi (Brèthes, 1924) (Hymenoptera: Figitidae), Opius bellus (Gahan, 1930), Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti, 1911) and Doryctobracon brasiliensis (Szépligeti, 1911) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) all of which are first records in the Atlantic Forest in Paraná. First record of O. bellus occurring in the State of Paraná, as well as, first record of the tritrophic association between host plant A. neosericea, parasitoids D. areolatus and O. bellus and fruit fly A. fraterculus. The host P. cattleianum stood out among the Myrtaceae species in regard to the high diversity of parasitoid species (81% of parasitoids). The total number of Figitidae species (76.5%) was higher than that of Braconidae species. The influence of climatic events in southern Brazil on wild fruit production should be further studied to understand the association of A. fraterculus with the tritrophic relationship.

STRUCTURAL DIAGRAM OF A SYSTEM FOR REMOTE MONITORING OF A HOUSEHOLD PLOT AND CONTROL OF ITS EQUIPMENT

Providing remote monitoring of homestead, suburban areas allows you to reduce the number of trips for their maintenance, to receive timely information about the overgrowth of the territory, the ripening of cultivated fruits, unauthorized visits to the site. The management of the site equipment makes it possible to monitor the watering of plants, turn on and off outdoor lighting, and perform other operations. Based on the analysis of existing solutions, their advantages and disadvantages, a block diagram of a system for remote monitoring of the territory of a household plot and management of its equipment has been developed. (Research purpose) The research purpose is developing a block diagram of a system for remote monitoring of a household plot and control of its equipment with the use of a photovoltaic installation. (Materials and methods) Analyzed literature sources, available methods and devices for monitoring household plots and managing their energy supply systems. We used general scientific methods, methods of developing structural schemes. (Results and discussion) We proposed the structure of a system for remote monitoring of the territory of a household plot and management of its equipment with the use of a photovoltaic installation in it, which allows for remote monitoring and management in automatic mode and using an application for a phone, computer. It was determined that the implementation of the structural scheme of the system allows to reduce the maintenance costs of the infield, increases the efficiency of its use. (Conclusions) It was revealed that the existing methods and technical means of remote monitoring of the territory of the household plot and management of its equipment are of a disparate nature and do not combine into a single system. We have developed a block diagram of a system for remote monitoring of the territory of a household plot and control of its equipment with the use of a photovoltaic installation in it. It was shown that new monitoring methods are being implemented in the system, a neural network is used to process the information received.

Ecotone effect on the fruit fly assemblages (Diptera: Tephritidae) in natural and anthropized environments.

Various species of fruit flies are important pests of fruit cultures and in some crop of vegetables worldwide. Studies of their population patterns, ecological processes and mechanisms that influence their sampling and distribution in the ecosystems, provides important information to support researches on species diversity and ecologically based pest control programs. The aims of this paper were to analyze the patterns of fruit fly species: diversity, abundance and composition in the margin and inside of a fragment of native forest (35 ha); on the margin and in the inside a commercial orchard (2.5 ha). This research was carried out in transects in a fragment of semideciduous forest and in a commercial orchard in the region of Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. A total of 1,918 adult fruit flies: 1,350 Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (♂♂+♀♀) and 568 of the genus Anastrepha Schiner (275♂♂ + 293♀♀) from six infrageneric groups and 12 different species were captured. C. capitata (80%), and Anastrepha sororcula Zucchi were the most abundant species, being this last one representing 50.68% of individuals in the genus Anastrepha. There are significant differences in species diversity of fruit flies caught in the traps installed in the edge and inside of both environments: traps installed in the forest edge had higher diversity index (H' = 2.13) in compare to the inside of forest (H' = 1.67), with the same pattern repeated in the orchard: edge (H' = 0.55) and inside (H' = 0.41). The results in this paper corroborate with the prediction that in ecotonal areas between environments there are higher diversity in compare with the inside of each of the confronting ecosystems. The technique proposed here saves time, effort and resources in rapid inventories for sampling fruit fly species richness in natural forests and large fruit tree orchards.

Comparative analysis of peel extract and juice obtained from wild and cultivated pomegranate fruits

Comparative analysis of peel extract and juice obtained from wild and cultivated pomegranate fruits

Volatile compound profile and sensory features of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana Linnaeus): comparative study between cultivated and wild fruits

Volatile compound profile and sensory features of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana Linnaeus): comparative study between cultivated and wild fruits

Penanganan Virus pada Buah Naga dan Desain Atap Otomatis Kebun Buah Naga di Jl. Soekarno Hatta KM 25 Balikpapan

Dragon fruit is one type of fruit that can grow in tropical and subtropical areas such as Indonesia. Especially East Kalimantan Province, dragon fruit cultivation one of the people's livelihoods. In Karang Joang Village, KM 25 Balikpapan, there are dragon fruit farmers who experience problems related to dragon fruit plants growing in their gardens. Dragon fruit plants in the garden were attacked by diseases caused by viruses due to frequent exposure to rain. Handling the virus with herbal medicines that are easily available, making it easier for the operational costs of dragon fruit planting to be affordable. Spraying of herbal medicine is carried out on dragon fruit about 3 times a week with a garden area of 3-4 hectares. In addition, innovation is also given in making prototypes of automatic roofs in order to protect plants from extreme weather that can affect soil and plant conditions. Through the manufacture of this automatic roof prototype, it is hoped that it can help protect dragon fruit trees when they are in a season with high rainfall.

Urban Farming dengan Budidaya Tabulampot Jambu Air di Dusun Bener, Tegalrejo, D.I Yogyakarta

Limited space in the city is a problem in the agricultural sector. Urban farming is one of the strategies undertaken to deal with these problems. Several studies have reported that urban farming is considered to be able to increase food security in urban areas, especially the types of food that can be produced on limited space. The utilization of limited space to develop agriculture has been widely carried out, such as fruit cultivation in pots. This method has several advantages, including easy maintenance, cheap, and can be an alternative to produce healthy food for the family. Community service activities in agriculture and animal husbandry are one of the efforts to develop potential in the community. This activity aims to make people in Bener village, Tegalrejo, Yogyakarta know about urban farming and can apply it in their environment. The implementation of activities includes urban farming socialization and fruit cultivation in pots, planting media preparation, introduction of various varieties of guava fruit, transplanting and maintenance practices. The practice of planting and direct mentoring is effective in attracting people to try to implement urban farming in their environment.

The rediscovery of characteristic rural landscapes. An opportunity to create new activities?

For some years now, researchers in many geographical and other disciplinary fields have believed that historical rural landscapes contain an educational value for the landscapes of the future, in terms of analysis as well as protection in general and geo-economic aspects in particular, as an identity expression of the territory and as a preponderant element for the recovery of the same. In fact, in landscape studies the idea is widespread that historical and characteristic rural landscapes are not only the elements of a cultural heritage capable of preserving the memory of the past but also the bearers of a rational perspective for the future of European agriculture. The COVID-19 pandemic caused social and economic changes; critical issues highlight the need for a more integrated approach, taking into account the rediscovery of rural landscapes to practice open-air activities. Through a review of the international literature and the analysis of case studies, the paper aims to highlight the renewal processes of some cultural practices abandoned over the years but which today are an integral part of the local economy. In particular, the paper analyses the cases of two characteristic citrus groves in Apulia and Sicily, in the south of Italy. They demonstrate how the renewal of ancient practices such as the cultivation of citrus fruits together with the value of landscapes can represent an opportunity for an economic development of territories.

GENETIC DIVERSITY ANALYSIS AMONG SEVERAL APPLE GENOTYPES USING ISSR MARKERS

Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) is one of the most cultivated fruit trees species worldwide, its fruits being consumed not only for their organoleptic attributes, but also for their nutraceutical properties. Therefore, the genetic variability of the species is extremely important to insure a large enough pool of cultivars to accommodate consumer demands for various fruit traits, such as taste, flavor, color, shape, etc., as well as to preserve cultivars that have less desirable organoleptic properties but are resistant/tolerant to biotic and/or abiotic stress and could be good genitors for these traits. The current study presents the use of ISSR method to assess the genetic variability among seven Romanian apple cultivars from the orchard collection of University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Romania: ‘Florina’, ‘Remar’, ‘Ciprian’, ‘Iris’, ‘Rebra’, ‘Generos’, and ‘Redix’. In addition, the method proved to be useful in identifying closely related individual genotypes, allowing the identification and elimination of duplicates from collections, without compromising the collection’s genetic variability.

A Comparative Study on Ascorbic Acid Concentration, Total Phenol, and Flavonoid Content in Citrus Species Grown in a Different Region of Western Nepal.

Different genetic and environmental factors like altitude, temperature, light radiation, etc. affect the production of phytoconstituents like ascorbic acid, phenol, flavonoid, tannin, etc. So, it is necessary to evaluate phytoconstituents quantitatively and qualitatively because of their different medicinal values. This study is aimed at evaluating and comparing ascorbic acid concentration, total phenol, and flavonoid content in citrus species grown in different places in Western Nepal. For this, fruit collected from Lamjung and Nawalparasi was peeled, and collected juice was extracted with ethanol. Ascorbic acid was estimated using titration with dichlorophenolindophenol dye, and total phenol was estimated using Folin reagent; whereas, flavonoid content was determined by aluminum chloride colorimetric assay. The result showed the maximum ascorbic acid concentration in the fruit juice of Citrus maxima collected from Lamjung, i.e., 2.98 ± 0.161 mg/100 ml, and the least concentration was recorded on extract of Citrus limon collected from Nawalparasi, i.e., 1.005 ± 0.205 mg/100 ml. The total phenol content was comparatively higher in Citrus maxima and Citrus aurantifolia collected from Lamjung, i.e., 12.48 ± 0.40 mg GAE/gm, respectively. Flavonoid content was comparatively higher in Citrus maxima collected from Nawalparasi, i.e., 484.466 ± 3.055 mg QE/gm. This study showed a variation in the concentration of chemical constituents between different places in Western Nepal. This might be due to differences in climatic conditions, environmental factors, altitude, temperature, etc. This study helps to reflect the best-suited altitude for commercial cultivation of the citrus species as these phytochemicals have different medicinal values. Also, this study can help the food industry to use an alternative source of synthetic antioxidant such as ascorbic acid, phenol, and flavonoid. And local people will economically benefit by the commercial cultivation of citrus fruits.

Strategi Rintisan Pariwisata Terintegrasi dan Berkelanjutan di Kota Semarang

Gunungpati District has an ex-JSDF land area of 73.2 ha consisting of 67 parcels of land spread across 12 Sub-Districts. The ex-JSDF land area was originally a poverty alleviation program and critical land conservation in the City of Semarang in collaboration with the JSDF (Japanese Social Development Fund), Worldbank and the City Government of Semarang. The development of several ex-JSDF land locations has developed into agro-tourism areas such as those managed by the Agriculture Service in Cepoko Village. However, several other locations managed by farmer groups were abandoned and then experienced land conversion. So that the potential of the ex-JSDF in the region was identified to obtain a pilot strategy for sustainable tourism in the city of Semarang. The research was carried out by identifying tourist attractions and tourism development factors so that directions for developing integrated and sustainable tourism areas in Gunungpati District could be obtained. the results of the analysis of the suitability of cultivated land in the former JSDF land locations spread across 12 sub-districts, 11 of which have an S1 suitability class, namely its use is very suitable for cultivating fruit crops. Meanwhile, one other location, namely Sumurrejo Village, has a Masters degree of suitability (quite appropriate). In general, the limiting factors in the heavy research sites were soil texture and fertility which were in class S3. Another mild limiting factor is temperature and groundwater productivity which are in class S2. Sustainability analysis found that the level of sustainability of fruit cultivation on ex-JSDF land in the Gunungpati District area was in a less sustainable status, the resulting index value only reached 58.94. Integrated tourism development area in Kec. Gunungpati with the main tourism zones covering, 1) Agroeduwisata Kandri Tourism Village, 2) Kreo Cave & Jatibarang Reservoir, 3) Kandri Boat Tourism, 4) Ngrembel Asri, and 5) Firdaus Fatimah Zahra.

Characteristics of development and damage of Stictocephala bubalus f. in Verishen community of Syunik marz

The geographical location of the Syunik region of the Republic of Armenia, the global warming of the climate, the presence of fodder plants have ensured the survival, reproduction and territorial settlement of Stictocephala bubalus F., in new, more southern settlements. As a result of our research in 2019-2021, in the orchards of Verishen community of Syunik marz, we have registered the harmfulness of Stictocephala bubalus F., which is located at an altitude of 1645- 1650 m. At the initial stage damage was observed on several cultivated fruit species, and later to wild species.The pest damages the trees both during feeding and during spawning, causing cuts. In Vernashen Stictocephala bubalus F. mostly damages pears and apples from fruit trees.

Morphological, Pomological, and Nutritional Value of Wild and Cultivated Rosehip (Rosa canina L.) Genotypes in Slavonia, Croatia

In this study, the morphological, pomological, and nutritional values of wild and cultivated rosehip fruits grown in the Slavonia region of eastern Croatia were studied. The results revealed significant differences in several morphological and pomological characteristics among the rosehip genotypes in terms of fruit weight, flesh weight, seed weight, and fruit flesh ratio, with no significant differences in fruit width, fruit length, fruit shape index, seed number per fruit, or seed length. The evaluated rosehip fruit genotypes differed significantly from each other in terms of hectoliter weight (kg), fruit bulk (cm3), and bulk density (kg/m3). For water–soluble extracts, ash, and pH, no statistical difference was found between naturally grown genotypes, but there was a significant difference between naturally grown and cultivated genotypes. Twenty-three major and trace elements were analyzed. The most abundant elements were K, Ca, Mg, and P in both cultivated and naturally grown fruits. The highest concentrations of microelements were Fe, Al, Mn, and Sr. The conventionally cultivated genotype L1 had the highest concentration of Fe and Na as essential elements for humans but also had the highest concentrations of Al, Sr, Ti, V, Cr, Pb, Co, Li, and As of all the genotypes studied. The naturally grown genotype L4 had the highest concentrations of S, Zn, Rb, and Cd and the lowest concentrations of Mg, K, and Ca among all studied genotypes. The data showed that the analyzed genotypes from eastern Croatia had good nutritional quality and variability, making them suitable as genetic resources and possibly leading to the detection of rosehip genotypes as potential sources of beneficial ingredients for human health.

Development of Hermaphrodite Salacca (Salacca zalacca) SNAP Marker: A Novel Conservation Tool

Salacca (Salacca zalacca) or snake fruit is a tropical fruit, which is considered to be originated from Indonesia. One of the challenges in salacca conservation is the wide genetic diversity of the plants due to their natural cross-breeding. Most S. zalacca are dioecious plants by having fertile female and male flowers on different individuals, except for Salak Bali which is regarded to be monoecious. Morphological and cytogenetic markers have failed to differentiate the salacca plants’ sex types during the vegetative phase, thus the molecular marker is an alternative. We explored the specific salacca gene sequence on various sex types of salacca plants to identify sex-related single nucleotide polymorphism. The SNAP markers were then developed using the chosen SNP and validated on a total of 30 salacca samples. Nine samples of salacca’s female, male, and hermaphrodites were amplified using designed primers. The produced bands were sequenced and analyzed using Geneious Prime software. The analysis implied 9 SNPs on the 446 bp of salacca’s specific partial sequences. The SNAP markers were designed based on SNP validation showed that the marker potentially used a hermaphrodite-specific marker. The development of molecular markers as an early salacca sex type detection tool may be helpful in fruit cultivation, accelerating the plant breeding program, as well as on conservation management.

System analysis and evaluation of the functioning of the fruit and vegetable subcomplex in the Republic of Belarus

One of the most important tasks facing the agroindustrial complex of Belarus is to increase the production of vegetables, fruits and berries in order to provide the population with high-quality fruits and vegetables, increase export potential, and increase the efficiency of processing industries. At present, due to the current foreign policy situation and in conditions exacerbated by the consequences of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic, this task is becoming increasingly relevant. Discusses the trends in the cultivation of fruits and vegetables in Belarus and proposes measures to increase the production of vegetables, fruits and berries.

Chemical, Technological, and Sensory Quality of Pasta and Bakery Products Made with the Addition of Grape Pomace Flour.

Grapes are one of the most cultivated fruits in the world. Concomitantly, a large amount of waste is generated from this product. Grape pomace (GP) flour can be used as an increment for making new food products. GP is rich in fibers and phenolic compounds, and in addition could be used to reduce agro-industrial residues. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the addition of different percentages of grape pomace (GP) on the chemical, technological, and sensory characteristics in pasta and bakery products. An integrative review was conducted. The selection of papers was carried out by searching studies in databases. An improvement in chemical quality with the addition of GP was observed, such as fiber, anthocyanin, and micronutrient content. Biscuits, cookies, cakes, breads, and pasta did not show any impairment in terms of acceptability. However, biscuits and cookies had the best global acceptance. The degree of acceptance still seems to be low for the use of GP to be included in high quantities in successful products. Samples with a maximum of 10% addition of GP flour seem to be accepted. On the other hand, the higher the percentage of GP flour, the healthier benefits they seem to promote.

First report of Neoscytalidium dimidiatum causing stem canker on yellow dragon fruit (Hylocereus megalantus) in Ecuador.

Dragon fruit cultivation is an emerging industry in Ecuador. In August of 2020, yellow dragon fruit plants (Hylocereus megalantus) showing brown hardened scabs on cladodes and fruits were observed in a field in Guayas, a coastal province of Ecuador (Fig. 1A). Symptoms were observed in ~ 40% of the assessed plants (n=100) with damage varying from mild (necrotic spots) to severe (canker). Ten cladode sections of ~ 10 cm2 with signs of canker were collected from five affected plants (two from each plant). Symptomatic cladode sections were sliced, surface-sterilized with a solution of 1% sodium hypochlorite, rinsed with sterile water, transferred into potato dextrose agar (PDA) media, and incubated at 28°C for five days in the dark. Three fungal isolates recovered from the cladodes produced colonies with dense dark aerial mycelia that matched the morphological description for Neoscytalidium dimidiatum (Crous et al 2006) (Fig 1B, 1C). Arthric chains of cylindrical conidia were observed under the microscope and presented zero or one septum with sizes between 10.9 ± 0.27 x 4.97 ± 0.36 µm (n=50). Pycnidia produced ellipsoid-shaped conidia, and sizes ranged from 4.5 ± 0.3 x 11.02 ± 0.5 µm (n=50). Cultured isolates were subjected to DNA extractions using the fungal DNA mini kit (Omega, Bio-Tek, Inc) for molecular identification by amplifying the 5.8S rDNA and adjacent internal transcriber spacer (ITS) 1 and 2 regions using primers (ITS1 / ITS4) as described (White et al., 1990). In addition, the β-tubulin and elongation factor 1-α targets were amplified by primers Bt2a / Bt2b (Glass and Donaldson, 1995) and EF1-728 F / EF1-986R (Carbone and Kohn, 1999), respectively, following the recommended PCR conditions. Amplified products were cloned using a pGEMT-easy kit (Promega, USA) and sequenced. Sequence comparisons for each target revealed that the three isolates were 100% identical to each other. Sequences obtained from a single plant were submitted to NCBI Genbank and assigned acc. Numbers OP377444, OP381216, and OP381217, for the ITS, β-tubulin, and elongation factor, respectively. BLAST analyses of the three amplified targets confirmed homology to counterparts from N. dimitiatum, with 99-100 % identities to isolates from China (JX524168), United Arab Emirates (MN447201), and Israel (KF020895). To fulfill Koch´s postulates, thirteen 4-month-old healthy plants were inoculated either with the pathogen (n=10) or mock-inoculated (n=3). In addition, two detached yellow dragon fruits and a mock were inoculated following the same protocol as stems. Inoculation was performed by making small wounds on cladodes or fruits using a sterile needle and placing a 2-mm agar plug containing mycelia from a 7-day-old colony. For mock inoculations, 2-mm plugs with clean PDA media were used. The inoculated area was wrapped with black plastic film for seven days at 27 to 32°C. At ten days post-inoculation, brown scab lesions with an orange halo were observed in the inoculated plants but not in the mock-inoculated plants and fruit (Fig. 1D, 1E). N. dimidiatum was re-isolated from experimentally-induced canker lesions, and morphologically identified. Stem canker caused by N. dimidiatum is a severe disease affecting dragon fruit production worldwide (Chuang et al., 2021). In Ecuador, this pathogen was found affecting yellow dragon fruit (H. megalantus) under natural conditions; however, under experimental conditions, red dragon fruit (H. undatus), which is widely produced in several coastal provinces of the country, was also found to be susceptible. Further studies are needed to investigate epidemiological aspects of this important pathogen, which threatens dragon fruit production in Ecuador.

The complete chloroplast genome of ‘biasong’ (Citrus micrantha Wester), a native species from the Southern Philippines

‘Biasong’ (Citrus micrantha), native to the Southern Philippine Islands, is an important cultivated fruit tree but has no published plastome sequence. We assembled and characterized the C. micrantha chloroplast genome from accession in the germplasm collection of the Institute of Crop Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños. The complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence is 159,928-bp long with 128 coding genes comprising 83 mRNA genes, 37 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. Out of the mRNA genes, 45 genes code for photosynthesis, 30 genes code for self-replication, and five genes code for other functions. A phylogenetic analysis of the assembled genome, along with 24 Citrus species and three other Rutaceae species, identified Citrus aurantiifolia as its closest relative with available complete cpDNA sequence.