Banana Research Articles

An Analysis of Banana Cultivation in Wayanad District, Kerala

Objective: analyse area and production, to examine the production, cost performance and socio-economic problems of banana cultivation in Wayanad district in Kerala. Methods/statistical analysis: This study relies completely primary information obtained from the banana cultivators from the selected study area. The research design of the present study included in selection of study areas, selection of sample farmers, collection of data, analysis of data and presenting findings selection of study area purposive sampling procedure was followed for the selection of the study area. First the data of Krishi bhavan under all four blocks of Wayanad were selected, through Krishi bhavan officers, information about banana cultivators was selected. Then 100 farmers were randomly selected from among them. Findings: From the income analysis it seen that majority of the cultivators are earn 1lakh to 3 lakhs. Nendran variety is more profitable than other varieties followed by robusta variety. Among the main problem faced by the banana cultivators most of the respondents are reported natural calamities are main reason. high cost of production is the second most problem faced by banana cultivators. Many of those who had previously taken crop insurance are not now willing to take insurance because of the amount due is not received on time. When the price of bananas falls, farmers incur higher costs to get them to VFPCK stores to get the support price given by the government. Application/improvement: It is suggested that casuarina may be planted around the banana’s place of cultivation as a windbreaker to save the banana plants from lodging due to heavy wind. The banks and co-operatives should make necessary arrangements to increase the loan amount to meet the requirement of the cultivators. set up more VFPCK stores where banana farmers can easily access them.

Effect of Curcuma Zanthorrhiza on Population and Infectivity of Pentalonia Nigronervosa as A Vector of Banana Bunchy Top Virus Disease

BBTV (Banana Bunchy Top Virus) is a viral disease that attacks cultivated banana plants and can cause stunting. The symptoms of BBTV disease attack on banana plants are narrowed, piled up leaves and stunted plants. The disease is caused by an insect vector. Pentalonia nigronervosa is the vector insect that transmits BBTV disease. The purpose of the research was to see the java turmeric plant as an alternative host for population growth and BBTV disease vector. The method in the study used a Randomized Group Design. This treatment consists of two treatments with 10 replications. Based on the results of research conducted on the population of P. nigronervosa experienced fluctuations, but high growth in water media. BBTV disease that attacks banana plants in each treatment has the highest incidence in the control treatment, namely, 73.33% dan the lowest disease incidence the turmeric treatment was 6.67%. The highest intensity of BBTV disease attack in the control treatment was 42.06%, while the lowest in the Javanese turmeric treatment was 1.50%. P. nigronervosa inoculated on Javanese turmeric for 72 days can suppress BBTV disease transmission. However, based on the analysis of each treatment, no significant differences were found. P. nigronervosa has the highest population in the soil medium 95.4 individuals and water medium 86.7 individuals. The population of P. nigronervosa has a good development in turmeric plants.

Chitosan induces salicylic acid and methyl salicylate in banana plants and reduces colonisation by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense TR4

Chitosan induces salicylic acid and methyl salicylate in banana plants and reduces colonisation by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense TR4

Delayed environmental pollution caused by transient landscape storage - An example from the Lesser Antilles.

The strong pest pressure on intensive banana cultivation in the French West Indies led to the intensive use of chlordecone (an organochlorine insecticide) between 1972 and 1993. Due to its high toxicity for the population and the environment, many studies were conducted on the transfer of chlordecone over the last 20 years. However, most studies focused on the dissolved fraction of chlordecone, while the particle-bound fraction was understudied. Therefore, this study reconstructs pluri-decadal erosion rates (i.e. 1980-2023) and associated chlordecone particle-bound transfers from soil and sediment cores sampled in a cultivated headwater catchment (Saint-Esprit, Martinique). Based on sediment accumulation analyses in an agricultural reservoir, high erosion rates (i.e. 10 t ha-1 yr-1) were found in the investigated catchment during the study period, with values exceeding the estimated tolerable soil loss rate in tropical contexts (i.e. 2.2 t ha-1 yr-1). Based on the analysis of soil cores sampled along a banana plantation hillslope, this study highlights the formation of colluvial deposits with high levels of chlordecone contamination. When these areas are affected by erosion processes, this leads to massive remobilization of particle-bound chlordecone to water bodies. Indeed, in sediment sampled in the downstream reservoir, we observed a drastic increase in these transfers since 2006, synchronous with changes in agricultural practices. This study therefore highlighted the occurrence of legacy contamination at toeslope positions, which was estimated to potentially persist for 4000 to 11,000 years. Such a residence time highlights the need to implement changes in land management to effectively reduce erosion of agricultural soils, particularly in areas identified as "temporary deposition zones" for chlordecone contamination, in order to protect downstream water bodies from chlordecone transfer. To achieve this, agricultural practices that may increase soil erosion, such as herbicide application or intensive ploughing, should be minimized. Overall, this study improved our understanding of erosion and associated chlordecone transfers in tropical environments.

The role and position of informal street vendors in the Onderberg district banana value chain

ABSTRACT The banana value chain is a key driver of socio-economic development in South Africa, supporting food security, job creation, income generation, and rural development. The Onderberg District, located in the Mpumalanga Province, is one of South Africa's six main banana production areas, contributing 35 per cent of the country's total banana cultivation. As such, street vendors play a crucial role in banana retailing, yet they are systematically excluded from the formal banana value chains. The purpose of this article is to map the informal economy banana value chains in the Onderberg District, emphasising the role of street vendors and documenting their value-adding activities. To achieve this, a combination of data collection tools within a cross-sectional time frame, including surveys and interviews, was employed. A total of 119 street vendors were surveyed, and 11 key informants participated in in-depth interviews. Banana value chains were mapped using functional analysis. The value chain analysis reveals the imbalances and challenges faced by street vendors within the banana market. There is a need to enhance the inclusivity of street vendors at every stage of the banana value chain. As members of vulnerable socio-economic groups, street vendors play a crucial role, particularly in informal markets. Analysing banana value chains in these settings can significantly improve economic livelihoods, especially for women, who are often not compensated for the work they do. This study addresses a critical knowledge gap by focusing on street vendors, offering valuable insights for future research, policy development, and practical interventions in similar contexts.

Development of Triple Component Aqueous Blend Derived from <i>Stevia rebaudiana, Musa acuminata</i> and <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>

Background: Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni leaves give similar satiety as that of sucrose. These have the additional benefit of diminished calorie intake and cause a reduction in body weight. Bananas have vital nutrients and high potassium content. Tomato is a rich source of water-soluble antioxidants. Aim: Stevia leaves, banana fruits and tomato fruits are processed in search of an extract equipped with antioxidant activity mainly due to water-soluble constituents. Methods: Ripe and unripe fruit extracts were mixed in various ratios and screened for DPPH inhibition. The dual component fruit extracts possessing the highest free radical scavenging (banana extract consisting of ripe banana extract: unripe banana extract in a ratio of 2:1 while tomato extract consisted of ripe tomato extract: unripe tomato extract in a ratio of 1:2) were further intermingled with stevia extract. Results: The triple component extract consisting of stevia extract: tomato extract: and banana extract in a ratio of 7:3:3 exhibited the highest total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and superior DPPH inhibition activity. The composition of the aqueous extract was stevia leaves: ripe banana fruit: unripe banana fruit: ripe tomato fruit: unripe tomato fruit in the ratios of 7: 2: 1: 1: 2. Conclusion: The mingling of aqueous extracts of stevia, ripe/unripe banana and ripe/unripe tomato may be a suitable strategy in free radical-mediated disorders such as diabetes. This paves the path for further phytochemical and pharmacological screening for stevia leaves, banana fruits and tomato fruits-based prophylactic/therapeutic options. Major Findings: The intermingling of the water-soluble secondary metabolites from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni leaves, Musa acuminata Colla. fruits and Solanum lycopersicum L. fruits result in enhanced antioxidant activity.

Influence of Growth Location and Extraction Method on the Properties of Cameroonian Musa acuminata Leaf Vein Fibers

ABSTRACT Banana plants form an abundant source of agricultural waste, which can be exploited to extract fibers. Whereas the trunk and pseudo-stem are currently exploited, leaf ribs, which are several meters long, could form a valuable source of fibers for use in structural composite materials, if their properties, reproducibility across locations, and extraction methods are well adapted. Thus, leaf ribs of the Grande Naine cultivar of Musa acuminata were collected in Cameroon in High Penja plantation in the Littoral Region, and a rural plantation in the Centre Region. Fibers were extracted using water retting, water boiling and caustic soda to assess the role of extraction on properties. The fibers had a density, appearance, chemical composition, and thermal degradation close to those of other banana fibers, an average length over 2 m, and 125–150 µm range diameters. Water boiling and soda treatment led to increased tensile properties, in the 15 GPa range for Young’s modulus and 350–400 MPa failure strength. A Weibull statistical analysis of the fiber failure revealed a slight influence of the growth location, and a major influence of the fiber extraction method, with the water boiling method showing a good balance between properties and ease of extraction.

Utilize banana fruit residue to mitigate the adverse effects of saline irrigation water on lemongrass herb planted in sandy soil

Utilize banana fruit residue to mitigate the adverse effects of saline irrigation water on lemongrass herb planted in sandy soil

Simplicia quality analysis and phytochemical screening of red bracts of Kepok banana flower (Musa paradisiaca L.)

Background: The Kepok banana plant (Musa paradisiaca L.) has been processed into food preparations, empirically used as medicine, and as a cosmetic for hair and skin care. Kepok banana flowers have bracts and male flowers contain nutritional content, namely carbohydrates, protein, low fat, high fiber and also minerals such as phosphorus, iron and calcium) as well as vitamins A, B1 and vitamin C. To determine the potential of the red bracts of Kepok banana flowers as an efficacious ingredient in medical and cosmetic preparations, simplicia characteristics testing was carried out to determine the quality of simplicial and phytochemical screening to determine secondary metabolite compounds in plant. Objective: The aim of this research was to identify the characteristics of simplicia and screen phytochemicals in the red bracts of Kepok banana flowers (Musa paradisiaca L.). Method: This research was carried out experimentally in the Pharmaceutical and Chemical Technology laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lincoln University College Malaysia. The red bracts of the Kepok banana flower (Musa paradisiaca L.) were dried by drying, protected from direct sunlight. Extract of the red bracts of the Kepok banana flower (Musa paradisiaca L.) was obtained using the Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction (UAE) method with 70% ethanol solvent. Results: Microscopic results of powder and fresh simplicia of red bracts of Kepok banana flowers (Musa paradisiaca L.) were obtained, epidermis fragments, xylem fibers, sclerenchyma fibers, anomocytic type stomata, endocarp and essential oil. The results of the simplicia quality inspection showed that the water soluble essence content was 37.15%, the ethanol soluble essence content was 16.57%, the water content was 5.31%, the total ash content was 9.04%. and the acid insoluble ash content was 2.42%. Phytochemical screening of the red bractea extract of Kepok banana flowers (Musa paradisiaca L.) obtained alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, tannins and triterpenoids/steroids. Conclusion: The results of the quality analysis of the simplicia red bracts of the Kepok banana flower (Musa paradisiaca L.) met the simplicia quality standards and the results of the phytochemical screening examination of the red bractea extract of the Kepok banana flower (Musa paradisiaca L.) contained alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, tannins and triterpenoids/steroids compounds.

An Analysis of Farmer Awareness for Banana Production from a Technological and Geographic Perspective in Indapur Tahsil of Pune District, India

The Indapur tehsil an arid climate region is gaining recognition as a prime location for banana cultivation. The identification of water sources, fertile soil, favourable climate, and income resulted in a shift towards cultivating bananas. This research identified a gap between the practices of farmers and modern agricultural techniques. The study is the first to survey farmers' understanding of geography, farming techniques, challenges faced, and factors for successful production in the region. Data was gathered from 270 banana farmers in various villages using qualitative and quantitative research methods, official documents, and on-site observations. The findings indicated that the farmers displayed a good understanding of drip irrigation and the use of liquid fertilizer through this method. Farmers showed a moderate understanding of soil quality, organic farming, tissue culture plantlets, banana variety selection, year-round farming, and crop protection. Factors such as land ownership, gender of the family head, family size, age, education, farming experience, subsidies, crop insurance, and access to information influence modern agricultural practices which is evident in the perception index. The perception index also highlights the necessity for focused attention on aspects such as application of agrochemicals to leaves, bunch feeding, the use of humidity sensors in irrigation, mulching, crop rotation, diseases caused by fungus, intercropping, cold storage, and ISO certification. Dry environments and the adoption of plantlets grown through tissue culture can reduce the risk of pest and disease issues. Rise in fertilizer and raw material cost, price fluctuations, commissions, middlemen’s dishonesty, domestic and export market support and labour costs are major issues. It is recommended to offer awareness programs and training on modern farming techniques and banana export, along with strengthening of farmers organizations and communication channels. The findings will provide important information to support sustainable banana farming for researchers, farmers, policymakers, and agricultural services.

Biofilm formation by the plant growth promoting bacterium Bacillus cereus (EB-40).

The objective of this work was to investigate the biofilm production capacity of the isolate EB-40 (Bacillus cereus) in a culture medium for the multiplication of microorganisms and in roots of in vitro grown banana explants. It was observed that the isolate was able to produce biofilms in tryptone, soy and agar (TSA) culture medium and in the roots of explants. The format, architecture and location of the biofilms in TSA culture medium presented an exopolymer matrix formed by EB-40 presented coccoid bacillary cells and fibrillar structures. In roots explants was verified the formation of microcolonies adhered to the root hairs. The information obtained in this experiment allowed inferring the ability of the isolate to produce biofilms and the colonization pattern shown when associated with banana tree roots.

Insights on Origins, Hosts, Impacts of Banana Anthracnose and its Management

Banana is a staple food of millions of people in almost all the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The most critical factors affecting banana production are post-harvest diseases, which generally originate from the flowering to fruit maturity or at the time of harvesting and subsequent storage of fruits. The primary sources of such infection include superficial wounds during handling, leading to enormous economic losses. One major post-harvest pathogen is Colletotrichum musae, causing anthracnose, a pretty significant disease on banana fruits and other plant parts. The pathogen overwinters in plant residues, such as mycelia or sclerotia, produce acervuli that generate primary conidia. Conidia disseminated by rain infect the plant and initiate secondary infection cycles. However, it was mentioned that the growth and pathogenicity of C. musae were highly affected by the following environmental factors: pH and temperature. Moreover, the susceptibility of banana cultivars to anthracnose is varied, with resistant to highly susceptible cultivars. Besides prevailing environmental conditions that favor growth, knowledge of the disease cycle of C. musae becomes essential in devising effective management strategies to reduce post-harvest losses with disease-free bananas.

In Silico Identification of Banana High-Confidence MicroRNA Binding Sites Targeting Banana Streak GF Virus

Banana streak GF virus (BSGFV) is the extremely dangerous monopartite badnavirus (genus, Badnavirus; family, Caulimoviridae) of banana (Musa acuminata AAA Group) that imposes a serious threat to global banana production. The BSGFV causes a devastating pandemic in banana crops, transmitted by deadly insect pest mealybug vectors and replicated through an RNA intermediate. The BSGFV is a reverse-transcribing DNA virus that has a monopartite open circular double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genome with a length of 7325 bp. RNA interference (RNAi) is a natural mechanism that has revolutionized the target gene regulation of various organisms to combat virus infection. The current study aims to locate the potential target binding sites of banana-encoded microRNAs (mac-miRNAs) on the BSGFV-dsDNA-encoded mRNAs based on three algorithms, RNA22, RNAhybrid and TAPIR. Mature banana (2n = 3x = 33) miRNAs (n = 32) were selected and hybridized to the BSGFV genome (MN296502). Among the 32 targeted mature locus-derived mac-miRNAs investigated, two banana mac-miRNA homologs (mac-miR162a and mac-miR172b) were identified as promising naturally occurring biomolecules to have binding affinity at nucleotide positions 5502 and 9 of the BSGFV genome. The in silico banana-genome-encoded mac-miRNA/mbg-miRNA-regulatory network was developed with the BSGFV—ORFs using Circos software (version 0.69-9) to identify potential therapeutic target proteins. Therefore, the current work provides useful biological material and opens a new range of opportunities for generating BSGFV-resistant banana plants through the genetic manipulation of the selected miRNAs.

Application of the JDL Model for Care and Management of Greenhouse Banana Cultivation

Rational management of scarce water resources is necessary. These resources are not utilised effectively. Therefore, the efficacy of irrigation management at the field level can be enhanced, and the irrigated areas can be expanded through rigorous irrigation management. By estimating water requirements in a straightforward, realistic, precise and feasible manner, achieving optimal water consumption for quality production and profitability is possible. In the context of the development of water resources in tropical and hot climates such as Ghana, estimating water demand assists farmers in planning and adjusting their requirements over time. This study assessed the water requirements of a greenhouse banana during the dry season to assure year-round cultivation, as Ghana has two primary seasons: wet and dry. The estimate was predicated using WSN and the JDL–Mivar data fusion model, which was dependent on the determination of perspiration. The results were contrasted with the existing literature, considering both climatic and biological data and other parameters during the cultivation period due to the model’s ability to fuse datasets. The study determined that the optimal indoor temperature for banana cultivation was 38.1 °C, while the minimum threshold was set at 21 °C. Significant differences and fluctuations in the maximal daily transpiration rates were observed in the water requirements for ‘WN’ values, which ranged from 25 to 50 m3/(ha·J). Banana plants require an intake of 10–20 litres of water per day during their growth season, according to the data collected from the WSN moisture sensor. The banana plants transpired between 100 and 600 kilogrammes of water for every kilogramme of dry matter produced during the humid climate, as indicated by the transpiration ratio, which ranged from 100 to 600. The Leaf Area Index (LAI) fluctuated from 3.3 in June to 4.89 in December. Our proposed method for monitoring bananas in a greenhouse will provide the cultivator with precise information about the bananas that are cultivated within the greenhouse environment. The optimal Leaf Area Index is between 3.6 and 4.5 for bananas to achieve their maximum yield potential. The relative humidity for bananas is typically around 80%, ranging from 65% to 75% during the night and approximately 80% during the day.

Recent Advancement and Future Prospects of Plasma Technology for the Quality and Quantity Enhancement of Agricultural Production

An intercrop-based experiment was conducted for two consecutive years, 2020-21 to 2021-22, at a farmer’s field of MLT site, Madhupur, Tangail, to find a suitable intercrop combination of vegetables with bananas for higher productivity and profitability. There were three intercrop-based treatments, i.e., Banana + Potato, Banana +Cabbage+ Potato, and Banana + Cauliflower + Potato, along with Sole banana. A variety of bananas (Amrit Sagar), Cabbage (Parel), Cauliflower (Thirty-three), ranola) were used as Potatoes (G test material. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with six dispersed replications. The unit plot size was 400 m2. The results revealed that all the intercrops’ treatments produced a higher banana equivalent yield than the sole banana. However, among the intercrop combinations, Banana + Cauliflower + Potato provided the highest equivalent yield (101.89 tha-1 followed by Banana + cabbage + potato, which was 70.42 and 69.52 % higher than the sole crop. Sole banana cultivation produced the lowest banana yield (60.49 t ha-1). The higher gross margin (Tk.666898 ha-1) was also obtained from the Banana + cauliflower + Potato treatment and higher BCR (3.79) than other intercrop treatments.

Evaluation of the Performance of Information Competencies in the Fertilization and Trade Strategies of Small Banana Producers in Ecuador

The information perceived by producers plays a crucial role in the efficient management of the agricultural production chain, encompassing both the fertilization and marketing processes of the final product. The ability of farmers to make effective use of this information depends on their information behavior, the use of information technologies, and the adoption of up-to-date technical knowledge. However, small Ecuadorian producers face information gaps that limit their access to technical and commercial knowledge, which affects productivity and profitability. This study analyzed the informational competencies of small banana producers in the provinces of Guayas and Los Ríos, with the objective of identifying the causes of these gaps and their impact on fertilization and marketing. A structured survey was applied to small producers, evaluating five dimensions of information. In addition, soil analyses were conducted in 20 plantations to determine the correspondence between fertilization practices and banana nutritional requirements. The results showed that producers in Guayas presented more robust informational competencies, with greater recognition of information needs and active use of reliable sources. This was reflected in the fertilization practices more aligned with nutritional standards, where plantations in Guayas presented average values of 1.21 cmol(+)/L aluminum, 8.67 cmol(+)/L magnesium, and 0.87 cmol(+)/L potassium, largely complying with nutritional standards for banana cultivation. In contrast, growers in Los Ríos spent less time searching for information and evidenced deficiencies in soil nutrition. This study highlights the importance of strengthening knowledge transfer and improving agricultural communication systems as tools to close information gaps. It is recommended to implement inclusive public policies and training programs in the use of information technologies and sustainable practices. In addition, promoting the creation of collaborative platforms can optimize access to markets, facilitating the direct and efficient marketing of produce.

Phytochemical Test and Antioxidant Activity Of Various Organs Of The Golden Banana (Musa acuminata Colla)

The golden banana (Musa acuminata Colla) is a typical banana plant in Rokan Hilir. Some parts of the golden banana plant are generally used, however, various other banana organs such as fruit skin, stem midrib, bractea, and golden banana flowers in Rokan Hilir have not been used in medicine. This study aims to determine the content of secondary metabolites and antioxidant activity in various organs of the golden banana. Simplicia powder from the golden banana organ was extracted by maceration method using 96% ethanol. The extract was then tested for antioxidant activity with a spectrophotometer using the DPPH method at a wavelength of 520 nm. The results showed that the four organs had very weak antioxidant activity. The highest antioxidant activity was in bractea with an IC50 value of 225.98 ppm and the lowest in flowers with an IC50 value of more than 1000 ppm. The results of the phytochemical screening showed that the four organs of the golden banana from Rokan downstream contained flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, and saponins but did not contain alkaloids

Trichoderma virens XZ11-1 producing siderophores inhibits the infection of Fusarium oxysporum and promotes plant growth in banana plants

BackgroundBanana Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense is a soil-borne fungal disease. Especially, tropical Race 4 (Foc TR4) can infect almost Cavendish subgroup and has a fatal threat to banana industry. Use of antagonistic microbes to manage soil-borne pathogen is viewed as a promising strategy.ResultsStrain XZ11-1 isolated from tropical rainforest has the production ability of high siderophore. By the analysis of physiological and biochemical profiles, construction of phylogenetic tree, and comparative results from the NR database, strain XZ11-1 was identified as Trichoderma virens. A relative content of 79.45% siderophores was produced in the optimized fermentation solution, including hydroxamate and carboxylate-type siderophores. Siderophores were key for inhibiting the growth of Foc TR4 by competing for environmental iron. Similarly, T. virens XZ11-1 also had antagonistic activities against 10 phytopathogenic fungi. Pot experiments demonstrated that T. virens XZ11-1 could colonize in the root system of banana plants. The symbiotic interaction not only improve plant resistance to Foc TR4, but also enhance iron absorption of roots to promote plant growth by secreting siderophores.ConclusionsT. virens XZ11-1 with the high-yield siderophores was isolated and identified. The strain could effectively inhibit the infection of Foc TR4 in banana roots and promote plant growth. It is a promising biocontrol agent for controlling fungal disease.

Effects of banana peel flour (Musa paradisiaca AAB (sub-group Pisang Nangka)) substitution on physicochemical and sensory properties of bun

This study focused on the utilisation of banana peel flour (BPF) as a potential substitute for wheat flour in buns, addressing both agriculture waste reduction and enhanced bun nutritional value. The widespread cultivation of bananas results in surplus by-products, particularly discarded peels, contributing to organic waste accumulation. Given the recognition of valuable compounds within banana peels and concerns surrounding wheat consumption, investigating BPF's feasibility as an alternative flour is paramount. The specific aims encompass assessing BPF's physicochemical attributes relative to wheat flour and evaluating sensory and physicochemical characteristics of BPF-incorporated buns compared to conventional wheat flour buns. Analysis of BPF revealed reduced moisture and water activity, and increased ash, minerals, crude fibre, and total soluble solids compared to wheat flour. The intensified red-yellow hues in BPF, attributed to the Maillard browning reaction, signify potential sensorial alterations. Upon substitution, bun hardness, gumminess, chewiness, mineral content, and crude fibre increased, while L* and b* values declined in both crumb and crust. The incorporation of 5% BPF had a milder impact on overall bun acceptance than a 10% substitution level. This gradual integration of BPF suggests a plausible way to replace wheat flour, effectively addressing waste reduction, enhancing environmental sustainability, and bolstering nutritional composition. Future research could delve into exploring the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of BPF, unlocking innovative possibilities for utilising agricultural by-products, thereby advancing sustainable and nutritionally enriched food production.

Pengaruh Substitusi Bubur Kulit Pisang Ambon Lumut (Musa accuminata Colla) pada Terigu terhadap Karakteristik Donat

Donuts are a food made from the main ingredients of flour, yeast, sugar and water and then decorated using various toppings so that this food is a favorite of almost all people. Ambon lumut banana fruit is a fruit that is often used as the main ingredient or filling material by some food entrepreneurs or communities in Indonesia, so that Ambon lumut banana peels accumulate into waste which pollutes the quality of the environment if handled improperly. One good form of processing is to utilize Ambon moss banana peels into products with economic value. Ambon moss banana peels are made into banana peel pulp as a substitute for wheat flour in the process of making donuts. The aim of the research was to produce the best substitute for Ambon Lumut banana peel porridge for wheat in terms of donut organoleptics, water content, carbohydrates and crude fiber. The method used was a Randomized Block Design (RAK), each substitution was repeated five times. Substitution of Ambon banana peel pulp for flour starts from 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. The best substitution was treatment P5 (20%) based on Duncan's multiple wine test and scoring test with average values ??of water content (24.05%), carbohydrate content (23.36%), and crude fiber (8.16%). Organoleptic test for color 2.68 (usual), taste 4.16 (like), aroma 4.28% (like) and tenderness 4.44 (like).