Basis For Cultivation Research Articles

Zigbee Based Monitoring System for Shiitake Mushroom Growing Environment

In response to the complex terrain and climate, the wide distribution of shiitake mushroom greenhouses, and the difficulty in collecting data in Qingyuan, China Mushroom City, and considering the difficulty of wiring in cultivation bases, a zigbee based monitoring system for shiitake mushroom growing environment was designed. Combined with the advantages of Internet of Things technology, multi-sensor technology, computer processing technology, it can precisely measure and record environmental factors data in mushroom growing greenhouses, providing monitoring conditions for precise cultivation strategies of shiitake mushroom and effectively improving the intelligent and precise production process of edible mushroom factories.

Study on Distribution Characteristics of Mineral Nutrients in Fritillaria hubeiensis

The contents and correlation of various mineral elements in soil and roots, stems and leaves of Fritillaria hubeiensis were analyzed and evaluated to supply basis for diagnosis of soil mineral nutrition and rational fertilization of Fritillaria hubeiensis. The contents of Phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, manganese and copper were tested by the inductively coupled plasma, and the results were analyzed by SPSS11.5 software. The total contents of manganese, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium in soil and roots, leaves and stems of Fritillaria hubeiensis were different with different cultivation bases. The order of Fe and Cu contents was root > leaf > stem. The distribution of Zn showed a trend of “root > stem > leaf.” Between potassium content of soil and root, it was a significant positive correlation. But there was a significant negative correlation between Zinc content of soil and root. The total contents of calcium and iron were positively correlated between roots and stems. The total contents of Phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and copper were positively correlated among stems and leaves, while the contents of Mn were positively correlated. Therefore, Fritillaria hubeiensis mainly regulates the amount of mineral nutrients through selective absorption.

Phthalate Acid Esters in Soil, Plastic Shed Film, and Ginseng Tissues of Different Ages From Farmland: Concentration, Distribution, and Risk Assessment

Plastic shed film used in ginseng cultivation could increase phthalate acid esters (PAEs) residues in ginseng and its planting soil. This study recorded the situation of 19 PAEs in ginseng, soil, and plastic shed film samples from eight ginseng cultivation bases in Jilin Province, China. The results showed that 6 PAEs are omnipresent contaminants in ginseng cultivation bases. The Σ19 PAEs residue ranged from 0.69 to 3.30 mg kg−1 in the soil and from 32.40 to 96.20 mg kg−1 in the plastic shed film. Plastic shed film is possibly one source of PAEs in ginseng bases. In addition, PAEs concentrations in different ginseng tissues (roots, stems, and leaves) showed significant differences (p < 0.05). The residues of Σ19 PAEs in ginseng roots and stems were 0.71–2.10 mg kg−1 [dry weight (dw)] and 1.56–4.69 mg kg−1 (dw), respectively, lower than 2.37–6.82 mg kg−1 (dw) in leaves (p < 0.05). PAEs more readily accumulated in ginseng leaves than in roots and stems. Cultivation age also influenced PAEs accumulation in ginseng. PAEs residues in 3-year-old ginseng plants were higher than those in annual and biennial ginseng (p < 0.05). The noncancer and carcinogenic risk assessments of the target PAEs in ginseng indicated acceptable levels for adult intake. This study provides data for understanding the concentration, distribution, and potential risk of PAEs in ginseng and its cultivated soil.

THE POLICY IMPACT OF INCREASING CORN PRODUCTION AND PRODUCTIVITY ON FOREST AREA IN NTB PROVINCE

Increased production and productivity of maize is a strategy for agricultural development inmeeting food needs which is directly proportional to the increase in population. The expansionof agricultural land is a strategic choice to increase production and productivity, especially incorn. As a result of this expansion, farmers began to encroach on forest areas. Agriculturalactivities are still carried out on land with a slope of> 30º. Forest rehabilitation has increasedfrom 2013-2017 in West Nusa Tenggara Province, increasing production and productivity ofmaize plants should pay attention to land suitability as the basis for cultivation. This studyexamines how programs to increase production and productivity of maize have an impact onforest areas. This research used a qualitative descriptive method with data sources orinformants selected purposively (selected by researchers as key informants) and snowballsampling. Data collection techniques are how to approach subjects, ask questions, observe,read documents and observe the surrounding environment, with criteria of credibilityt,transferability, dependability and confirmabillity.

The Effects of Chinese Cultural Digital Product Consumption toward the Motivation to Learn Chinese Culture: A Study of Chinese TV Series Watching among Thai-teenage Users

The diffusion of Chinese communication channel and digital products is very rigorous in the era of media technological advancement. People absorb cultural attitude via cultural product consumption, along with digital online platform, accession is much more easily than before. In Thailand, majority of netizens spend a lot of time to video consumption in a huge amount of numbers confirmed by triple digit growth in digital platform and applications downloaded. In order to deepen our understanding about media effects, this research proposal aims to study how Chinese TV series consumption shapes Thai netizens cultural knowledge and attitude on the basis of cultivation and gratification theory. Both quantitative and qualitative paradigm are designed as methodology to study among netizens in Thailand.

Obtaining potato microtubers in a liquid nutrient medium

Obtaining virus-free potato seed material in Kazakhstan is mainly carried out using the method of isolation of apical meristems with the subsequent production of test-tube plants from them on an agar nutrient medium and the further formation of minitubers in greenhouse. Obtaining microtubers from meristem plants in production of potato seed material in vitro is not carried out, although this method is one of the most successful methods for increasing the potato material in vitro . Based on the above issue, we’ve set a goal to optimize the MS liquid nutrient medium for obtaining potato microtubers in vitro from meristem plants with the prospect of introducing this procedure into the process of obtaining seed material at seed farms. The paper presents new data applicable at the initial stages of potato seed production, for production of the first tuberous generation of healthy material, in particular, for replication of plants in vitro and production of microtubers. The results are presented on analysis of morphometric data of plant development in vitro obtained at cultivation of single-bud potato cuttings on ten variants of the Murashige-Skuga liquid medium with various combinations of sucrose concentrations (20 and 30 g/l), kinetin (0,2 and 4 mg/l), gibberellic acid (0, 0,5 and 1 mg/l) in 220 ml glass vessels. The perfect liquid nutrient medium for obtaining developed potato plants in vitro for further production of microtubers has been defined. Efficiency of liquid nutrient medium for obtaining potato microtubers has been determined when growing plants in vitro USING media with various combinations of concentrations of sucrose (60 and 90 g/l), kinetin (0 and 2 mg/l) and 6-benzylaminopurine (0 and 5 mg/l). The results of the study can form the basis for cultivation of plants in a bioreactor with the purpose of mass production of virus-free potato microtubers.

Fruit-setting rates in apricot accessions from different cultivation regions of China

Apricot (subgenus Armeniaca Mill.) is one of the oldest fruit species in China, belonging to the family Rosaceae, and subfamily Prunoideae. Nine of the ten known apricot species originated from China. The producing areas are divided into five regions according to the natural conditions, scale of production, and diversity of resources and utilization, including the temperate zone of north China, the arid region of northwest China, the frigid zone of northeast China, the highland region of southwest China, and tropical-subtropical regions. Apricot is a very popular fruit for its special taste, bright color, and nutrient content. However, most apricot cultivars in China suffer from low natural fruit-setting rates, which constitute a key basis for cultivation and breeding. In the present study, we investigated the fruit-setting rate of 187 accessions of apricots belonging to seven species in five cultivar regions collected by the National Germplasm Repository for Plums and Apricots in 2006 and 2007. We labeled the flower buds, and recorded the total flowering and fruit-setting rate 4 weeks after full blossom. We discovered cultivars with high fruit-setting rates that provide a basis for selecting apricot for cultivation and breeding.

FENOMENA INSOMNIA SEBAGAI RANGSANG PENCIPTAAN KARYA TARI TIDAK TIDUR

The concept chosen as the basis of cultivation in the form of abstraction from the movement of individuals and groups who experience insomnia and who do work at night and visualization of the movement that occurs continuously by human activities on the surface of the earth such as rotating. This work was inspired by the phenomenon of insomnia, worked on the theme of life and abstract type by cultivation method done through field observation, motion exploration, evaluation, and the manifestation of the work. The first part ignores the movement of individual and group activities that are experiencing insomnia. The second part describes the night activities of the workers at night. The third part is to visualize how the imagination of human activity that occurs constantly day and night is like rotating. Keywords: choreography, insomnia, night worker, time utilization

The sufficiency economy and people-centered development

Purpose – The purpose of this paper id to examine the successful community development by enabling people to help themselves so that they could increase their career opportunities and recover the fertile natural environment previously lost through overstraining the local ecosystem. Sustainability is of central importance for many countries in the world. Especially developing countries need to strive for sustainability and continuity in their economic, social and political systems. This paper aimed at identifying sustainable human resource development in relation to the Huay Sai Royal Development Project initiated by His Majesty the King Bhumipol Adulyadej of Thailand as a case study. Design/methodology/approach – This study was a case study. Data were collected from documents, interviews and project visits. Then, the analysis was made by document analysis and observation during the study visit, and the information from the interviewees was recorded and transcribed in the Thai language. Some information from the interviews was then added to the analysis to confirm the case that the project had generated sustainable development and encouraged a better life for the local people. Findings – It was found that the nature of people development for sustainability in the project was based on two central themes: people-centered development and whole system-focused development. People-centered development aims to make people succeed in their life. The latter theme aims at helping people become social beings that are willing to place societal concerns before personal interests. This reflected the eastern approach of people development, which puts people and their mindset at the center of development. Other findings pertaining to the methods of people development showed that action learning was a central method of development. Research limitations/implications – The Sufficiency Economy and people-centered development served as an alternative development path, pursuing balanced growth based on development from within and on the accumulation of knowledge. The main thrust emphasized development from within, self-protection, conservation, caution and moderation, which called for the sustainable use of resources and concern for the social and environmental impact of economic decisions. This contributed to the action learning approach that the success of the project was not only economic returns but also the learning process to which the people engaging in dialogue could share their problems and develop solutions for themselves and for each other. Practical implications – There were three key success factors that can be seen in the case. First, the development approach was aligned with the lifestyle and local wisdom of the people. Second, this project promoted step-by-step development, beginning with building a good basis for the people at the individual level. Lastly, the initiation of the project stemmed from an in-depth study of the problems in the area and action research, with a closely coupled monitoring system by which feedback was always fed into the study center. Social implications – It could be noted that the Sufficiency Economy and people-centered development served as an alternative development path, pursuing balanced growth based on development from within and on the accumulation of knowledge. The main thrust emphasized development from within, self-protection, conservation, caution and moderation, which called for the sustainable use of resources and concern for the social and environmental impact of economic decisions. Originality/value – The Sufficiency Economy strengthened sustainability as a goal and means of development; the ultimate goal of the development was to develop people to help themselves to become self-reliant. The means of this development were participatory development through a wide variety of methods and the use of local knowledge as a basis for cultivation. Sharing knowledge made people feel more empowered and encouraged them to change their basic attitudes and behaviors. Once people changed their mindset, they became able to enhance their potential. They also had the power to make choices in their life.

Study on quality evaluation of Panax ginseng based on effects for replenishing Qi and preventing exhaustion

Based on the effect for replenishing Qi and preventing exhaustion, this essay provides a method to rebuild the quality evaluation system of Panax ginseng. As an independent medical system, the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) science lacks enough credible evidences to support its theory and thereby wants more relevant studies. Current, it is a misunderstanding for experimental studies on TCM to prove TCM drugs from the angle of western medicine. Therefore, following study modes are recommended to researchers focusing on either the theory of the unique importance of class origin or the theory of the unique importance of techniques. Under the guidance of TCM theories, a new TCM assessment mode, consisting of clinical efficacy, pharmacological effect and effective components, is established in line with clinical application of TCMs. Studies on Chemical fingerprint or active ingredient are made on effective components. In-depth studies are worth to the viewpoint to rebuild the TCM quality reassessment system. On the basis of analysis on ancient herbal literatures and experience in clinical application of TCMs, the author proves the irreplaceable effect of P. ginseng. (pure ginseng decoction) is to replenish Qi and prevent exhaustion. Based on the major effect, a pharmacological model is established in combination with modern clinical efficacy to screen effective components of ginseng herbs and make a quality assessment on safety and efficiency of clinical application of P. ginseng, in order to provide theoretical and experimental basis for cultivation, development and utilization of P. ginseng resources on Changbai mountain.

In vitro evaluation of a mammary gland specific expression vector encoding recombinant human lysozyme for development of transgenic dairy goat embryos

A vector expressing human lysozyme (pBC1-hLYZ-GFP-Neo) was evaluated for gene and protein expression following liposome-mediated transformation of C-127 mouse mammary cancer cells. Cultures of G418-resistant clones were harvested 24-72 h after induction with prolactin, insulin and hydrocortisone. Target gene expression was analyzed by RT-PCR and Western blot and recombinant human lysozyme (rhLYZ) bacteriostatic activity was also evaluated. The hLYZ gene was correctly transcribed and translated in C-127 cells and hLYZ inhibited gram-positive bacterial growth, indicating the potential of this expression vector for development of a mammary gland bioreactor in goats. Guanzhong dairy goat skin fibroblasts transfected with pBC1-hLYZ-GFP-Neo were used to construct a goat embryo transgenically expressing rhLYZ by somatic nuclear transplantation with a blastocyst rate of 9.0 ± 2.8 %. These data establish the basis for cultivation of mastitis-resistant hLYZ transgenic goats.

Effects of light radiation intensity on photosynthetic characteristics and water use efficiency of Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings

In order to offer a scientific basis for cultivation and management of forests, effects of light radiation intensity on photosynthetic characteristics and water use efficiency of Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabulaeformis were studied under different soil moisture contents. By adopting artificial control methods to soil moisture, and under simulated photosynthetic radiation (SPR), the net photosynthetic rate (P N), transpiration rate (T r), water use efficiency (WUE) and intercellular CO2 concentration (C i) of Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabulaeformis in the semi-arid region of the Loess Plateau, were studied. Results are as follows: within the photon range of 0–2,200 μmol/(m2·s), P N, T r and WUE were enhanced with an increase in SPR in both species. P N and WUE of Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabulaeformis, however, declined with continued increase in SPR. P N, T r, WUE and light saturation point (LSP) of Platycladus orientalis were higher than those of Pinus tabulaeformis, while light compensation point (LCP) of Platycladus orientalis was lower than that of Pinus tabulaeformis at the same soil moisture content. The efficiency of light energy utilization of Platycladus orientalis was higher than that of Pinus tabulaeformis; P N, T r and C i of Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabulaeformis were enhanced by increasing soil moisture content, whereas WUE declined. At soil moistures of 7.90%, 13.00% and 19.99%, LSP of Platycladus orientalis was 1,275, 1,450 and 1,675 μmol/(m2·s) respectively, and LCP was 42, 25 and 13 μmol/(m2·s) respectively, with corresponding maximal net CO2 photosynthetic rates (P max) of 3.04, 4.06 and 5.53 μmol/(m2·s). At soil moistures of 7.83%, 13.04% and 20.15%, the LSP of Pinus tabulaeformis was 1,100, 1,325 and 1,500 μmol/(m2·s) respectively, and LCP was 60, 30 and 23 μmol/(m2·s), with P max of 1.08, 3.35 and 4.36 μmol/(m2·s) respectively.

Advances in marine phycology on the basis of cultivation

1. Cultivation of marine algae under laboratory conditions represents an indispensable prerequisite in many fields of modern phycology. Primarily used for the elucidation of complete life histories, cultivation has proved useful for studies on growth and cell-division. 2. Algal genera of simple morphological structure often lack definite characteristics for species distinction. Culture experiments provide us with additional information which may serve as a basis for modern taxonomical research. 3. Additional knowledge obtained in culture research is likely to result in a better understanding of phylogenetic relationships. 4. The paper provides pertinent examples for each of the statements made under points 1 to 3 which are, to a great extent, based on the author's own work.