Corn Cultivation Research Articles

PENGARUH MODAL SOSIAL TERHADAP KAPASITAS MANAJERIAL PETANI JAGUNG DI DESA UMBA KECAMATAN NAPANO KUSAMBI KABUPATEN MUNA BARAT

This study aims to ascertain the social capital and managerial capacity of farmers, as well as to determine the influence of the social model on the managerial capacity of corn farmers in Umba Village, Napano Kusambi Subdistrict, West Muna Regency. The research population comprises all individuals engaged in the cultivation of corn in Umba Village, amounting to a total of 32 individuals. The sample was selected using the census method, resulting in a sample size of 32 respondents for this study. Data were collected through observation, surveys, and structured interviews, with the use of a questionnaire. This study employed a quantitative approach. The variables under investigation are divided into two categories: social capital and managerial capacity among farmers. The data were subjected to two distinct forms of analysis. Initially, a quantitative descriptive analysis was conducted utilising the class interval formula to delineate the prevailing conditions pertaining to social capital and managerial capacity among maize farmers. Subsequently, a multiple linear regression analysis was employed to ascertain the influence of social capital on the managerial capacity of maize farmers. The multiple linear regression analysis is comprised of three tests: the T-test, F-test, and determination test. The findings indicate that the utilization of social capital among corn farmers in Umba Village is classified as favorable. This is evidenced by the presence of a robust level of trust, a commendable application of norms, and a relatively strong network of social connections. The managerial capacity of maize farmers is categorized as good, as evidenced by their effective maize farm planning and organization. However, there are areas for improvement, particularly in the dimensions of maize farming implementation and supervision, which remain in the poor category. Social capital has a significant positive effect on the managerial capacity of maize farmers, amounting to 29.1%, with 70.9% influenced by other factors.

The Impact of Winter Cover Crops on Soil Nematode Communities and Food Web Stability in Corn and Soybean Cultivation.

There is increasing adoption of winter cover crops (WCCs) in corn and soybean production in Canada, primarily to reduce erosion and increase soil organic matter content. WCCs have the potential to influence nematode communities by increasing free-living nematodes and decreasing plant-parasitic nematodes or vice versa. However, the mechanism by which WCCs change nematode community assemblages still remains a key question in soil food web ecology. We tested the hypothesis that the long-term use of rye (Secale cereale), barley (Hordeum vulgare) and oat (Avena sativa) as monocultures or mixtures promotes nematode communities and improves overall soil health conditions compared to winter fallow. The results from this study revealed that the use of WCCs generally promoted a higher abundance and diversity of nematode communities, whereas plant parasitic nematodes were the most abundant in winter fallow. Moreover, the mixtures of WCCs had more similar nematode communities compared to rye alone and winter fallow. The structure and enrichment indices were higher with WCCs, indicating higher nutrient cycling and soil suppressiveness, which are signs of healthy soil conditions. Furthermore, WCCs significantly reduced the populations of root lesion nematode Pratylenchus, although their numbers recovered and increased during the main crop stages. Additionally, mixtures of WCCs promoted the highest abundance of the stunt nematode Tylenchorhynchus, whereas winter fallow had a higher abundance of the spiral nematode Helicotylenchus during the fallow period and the main crop stages. The results show that the long-term use of cover crops can have a positive impact on nematode communities and the soil food web, but these changes depend on the type of WCCs and how they are used.

Effects of organic materials on dry matter econohic benefits of corn accumulation yield

Field experiments were conducted using "Zhengdan 958" as the experimental material to study the effects of returning two different organic materials to the field on the dry matter accumulation, yield, and economic benefits of corn cultivation. Results indicate that straw and pig manure as organic materials both contribute to increasing the accumulation of dry matter and yield of corn. Comparatively, the effect of pig manure is more significant. At maturity, returning pig manure to the field can increase the accumulation of mature corn dry matter by 15.85%, yield by 21.93%, and economic benefits by 23.41%. Bangladesh J. Bot. 53(3): 697-701, 2024 (September) Special

Micronutrients concentration and content in corn as affected by nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilization

AbstractThe interaction between nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizers significantly impacts the uptake of micronutrients in corn, influencing their availability in soil and uptake by plants. Understanding the interaction of macro‐ and micronutrients is a prerequisite to targeting nutrient balance in crop production. Therefore, a 2‐year field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of NPK fertilization on micronutrient uptake of rain‐fed corn (Zea mays L.). A randomized complete block design was employed with 12 treatments replicated three times. Different combinations of N, P, and K fertilizer rates were investigated for micronutrient concentration and uptake in rain‐fed corn. Findings revealed the order of nutrient accumulation in corn plants: iron (Fe) > manganese (Mn) > zinc (Zn) > copper (Cu). Nitrogen application influenced nutrient concentrations and uptake. Increasing N rates increased micronutrient concentrations in corn grain, except for Cu. Interestingly, Cu content in grains exhibited no correlation with nutrient supply, biomass, or other concentrations. As the N application rate increased, micronutrient content increased at early growth stage and physiological maturity. Phosphorus application showed negligible impact on grain micronutrient concentration and uptake. However, K application notably increased Mn, Fe, and Cu uptake in grains. This study underscores the need to consider not only grain yield but also nutritional quality when determining optimal NPK rates in rain‐fed corn cultivation.

Agricultural Productivity and Multidimensional Poverty Reduction in Colombia: An Analysis of Coffee, Plantain, and Corn Crops

This article presents the correlation between the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) and the area planted, production in tons, and productive yield for various crops in Colombia from 2018 to 2021. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between agricultural productivity and multidimensional poverty in Colombia, focusing on the cultivation of coffee, plantain, and corn. The methodology employed included a literature review through a bibliometric analysis to understand the relationships between the MPI and agricultural production. In the second stage, the agricultural sector statistics for the years 2018 to 2021 and the MPI by regions and departments of Colombia during the same period was systematized. Finally, a quantitative statistical analysis was conducted to establish the correlation of the MPI with the area planted, production in tons, and productive yield for coffee, plantain, and corn crops in Colombia. The MPI identifies those who are deprived in 50% or more of the index’s dimensions as living in extreme poverty. The results show that higher productive yields in the crops analyzed correspond to a lower MPI. Coffee crops have an MPI below 50%; plantain crops have an MPI between 20% and 50%, and for mechanized corn crops, the data show an MPI between 20% and 30%. This demonstrates that coffee, plantain, and corn crops represent an alternative for reducing the MPI in Colombia.

Delimitation of Differentiated Management Units (DMUs) based on productivity maps, slope maps and vegetation indices

According to several projections, the planet's demographic density will continue to increase in the coming decades, a fact that makes it necessary to increase food production to meet population demand. However, there are factors that can make it difficult to achieve production goals, such as the high cost of inputs. Therefore, aiming to increase productivity and reduce costs through optimizing the use of resources and the area available for production, it is necessary to implement alternatives to traditional production control methods. In this aspect, precision agriculture stands out. For precision agriculture to be applied to crops, it is first necessary to observe the spatial and temporal variability of the area, through georeferenced data on the attributes that involve the production system. The correlation of these attributes can indicate sub-regions within the production areas that can receive homogeneous treatment; these fractions of the area can also be called Differentiated Management Units (DMUs). Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the viability of DMU delimitations using data on productivity, slope and vegetation indices, referring to the 2020 harvest for corn cultivation. To this end, geoprocessing of the data obtained using the QGIS software was carried out, so that 3 DMUs were generated for the area evaluated in the study. Thus, the DMUs were compared with the 2021 corn harvest. The results show that the DMUs, produced with data from the 2020 corn harvest, delimited regions with different productivity data in the 2021 harvest, indicating that the possibility of obtaining better parameters in production if differentiated management were carried out in the field, and such planning can be carried out based on the assessments that DMUs allow to be carried out.

Strategies for managing corn crop residue in the context of greenhouse gas emissions.

Food production is one of the most important sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, both in primary production and in processing and the logistics chain. The most problematic and risky is the optimization of environmental effects in the stage of primary production. This is due to the significant influence of factors related to climate and soil that are difficult to predict. The scientific literature offers much information on the impact of crop residue management, but the context for assessing the impact of crop residue management in corn production on the carbon footprint is still unclear. The effectiveness of using organic additives like biochar, compost, corn, or straw to maintain soil productivity is well acknowledged. Information about the effects of particular crop residue management strategies on soil carbon sequestration, soil quality, and crop yield in corn cultivation is currently scarce. The research aimed to assess the potential for optimizing corn production through modifications in crop residue management, with a focus on the efficiency indicator being the level of greenhouse gas emissions per functional unit of the product. A 3-year growing experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of different corn crop residue management strategies. The modifications of the corn cultivation technology in terms of the crop residue management strategy had a significant impact on the yield of plants and the amount of GHG emissions. The conversion of corn straw to biochar and its introduction into the soil reduced the GHG emissions from corn cultivation per functional unit, despite the energy expenditure related to straw transport and biochar production. From a 3-year time perspective, a beneficial effect of biochar addition on the size of the commercial yield of plants was observed. In variants with biochar and a reduced level of nitrogen fertilization, no reduction in yields was observed. This confirmed the hypothesis that biochar could be a useful material for the production of slow-acting fertilizers.

Alfalfa Increases the Soil N Utilization Efficiency in Degraded Black Soil Farmland and Alleviates Nutrient Limitations in Soil Microbes

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) can fix N naturally within soils, which makes alfalfa cultivation useful for enhancing soil fertility while minimizing environmental impacts from pesticides, fertilizers, and soil pollution. To assess the influence of alfalfa cropping on degraded black soil, we determined the nutrient stoichiometry of the soil and soil microbial biomass under four corn cultivation systems at the Harbin Corn Demonstration Base (Heilongjiang, China), which is located in Wujia (126°23′ E, 45°31′ N), Shuangcheng district, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province. The cultivation systems included continuous corn cultivation for more than 30 years (CK), 2 years of alfalfa–corn rotation (AC), three years of alfalfa cropping (TA), and four years of alfalfa cropping (FA). Overall, AC, TA, and FA treatment increased the soil pH, reduced the soil salinity, and increased the organic matter content of the 0–15 cm soil layer. TA and FA presented soil nutrient levels comparable to those of degraded cornfields that were fertilized annually. The TA and FA treatments increased the soil available N:P, soil N:P, and soil C:P ratios. Moreover, TA significantly increased the soil microbial biomass P (SMBP) in the 0–15 cm (surface) soil layer and reduced the soil microbial biomass C (SMBC):SMBP ratio. AC, TA, and FA increased the storage and mineralization rates of soil N and alleviated the microbial P limitations in degraded black soil farmland. Compared with FA, TA resulted in greater improvements in the quality of degraded black soil farmland. The ability of alfalfa to enhance soil fertility makes an important component of sustainable agricultural practices aimed at rehabilitating degraded soils.

Design and Experimentation of Targeted Deep Fertilization Device for Corn Cultivation

Design and Experimentation of Targeted Deep Fertilization Device for Corn Cultivation

Effects of liquid urea rates on nitrogen dynamics, growth, and yield of corn (Zea mays L.)

Arbitrary use of urea fertilizer reduces nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and increases the risk of environmental pollution. An experiment was conducted at the Universiti Putra Malaysia from November 2019 to March 2020 to evaluate the application methods and rates of liquid urea (LU) on the yield performance of corn. The treatments were, U0 = control, GU100 = Granular urea (GU) 100%, LU100 = LU 100%, LU50 = LU 50% and LU33 = LU 33%, in two equal splits at 10th and 28th days after sowing (DAS) in randomized completely block design, replicates four. Results showed that plant height (206.99 cm, 216.92 cm, 214.61 cm), ear height (88.13 cm, 88.63 cm, 86.00 cm), days of maturity (88.75, 89.00, 86.75 days), number of grains per kernel row (32.25, 34.50, 33.75), fresh cob weight (10,886.60 kg ha−1, 10,946.60 kg ha−1, 10,927.93 kg ha−1) and 100-grain weight (20.51 g, 22.50 g, 21.39 g) of corn were not different significantly (p ≤ 0.05) in GU100, LU100 and LU50 treatments, respectively. The highest yield of corn was found with LU100 (6249.03 kg ha−1) treatment whereas the yield in LU50 (5666.50 kg ha−1) and GU100 (5746.64 kg ha−1) were not different significantly. Nitrogen (%) in plants was the highest in LU100 followed by LU50 treatment which was significantly higher than GU100 treatment. The total N content was also the highest in LU100 (102.83 kg ha−1) though the total N content was not different significantly in LU50 (77.62 kg ha−1) and GU100 (83.84 kg ha−1) treatments. The NUE was the highest in LU50 (66.92%) treatment followed by LU100 (51.47%) treatment. The results of the study suggested that LU was superior to GU and the LU100 was the best application rate while LU50 treatment was comparable to GU100 in corn cultivation.

Determining Consumptive Water Use for Corn Cultivation at High Altitudes: A Comparative Study of Three Methods

A desirable water supply in agriculture requires quantitative methods to determine crop requirements. De-termination of hydric request of maize Var INIAP 102 is promising, mainly at altitudes over 2000 meters above sea level. This study analyzed three methods (lysimeter, evaporimeter tank, and empiric formula FAO) to determine Chimborazo province's hydric requirements for Var INIAP 102. Vegetative and yield variables were recorded, and the effect of different water films on the vegetative growth of maize was de-termined. When water was more available in the soil, the vegetative growth, yield, and pod weight per plant of maize Var INIAP 102 were higher. This study is of great importance because determining the hydric requirement of maize Var INIAP 102 was done for the first time in Chimborazo province and will support farmers in better water use for irrigation. Keywords: irrigation sheet, lysimeter, sweet corn, water requirements, evaporation tank

Determining Consumptive Water Use for Corn Cultivation at High Altitudes: A Comparative Study of Three Methods.

A desirable water supply in agriculture requires quantitative methods to determine crop requirements. De-termination of hydric request of maize Var INIAP 102 is promising, mainly at altitudes over 2000 meters above sea level. This study analyzed three methods (lysimeter, evaporimeter tank, and empiric formula FAO) to determine Chimborazo province's hydric requirements for Var INIAP 102. Vegetative and yield variables were recorded, and the effect of different water films on the vegetative growth of maize was de-termined. When water was more available in the soil, the vegetative growth, yield, and pod weight per plant of maize Var INIAP 102 were higher. This study is of great importance because determining the hydric requirement of maize Var INIAP 102 was done for the first time in Chimborazo province and will support farmers in better water use for irrigation. Keywords: irrigation sheet, lysimeter, sweet corn, water requirements, evaporation tank

Residues of Symbiont Cover Crops Improving Corn Growth and Soil-Dependent Health Parameters

Cover crops have emerged as a crucial tool in promoting sustainable agricultural practices, particularly in improving soil quality and soil–plant health. This study investigates the impact of single cover crop plants each with varying fungal and/or bacterial symbiosis capacities in a pot experiment. The growth of non-symbiont Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata), the associative bacterium symbiont black oat (Avena strigosa) and the double (fungus–bacterium) endosymbiont broad bean (Vicia faba) was studied on three distinct soil types, namely a less-fertile sandy soil (Arenosol), an average value of loam soil (Luvisol) and a more productive chernozem soil (Chernozem). Beside the biomass production, nitrogen content and frequency of AM fungi symbiosis (MYCO%) of cover crops, the main soil health characteristics of electrical conductivity (EC), labile carbon (POXC) and fluorescein diacetate enzyme activity (FDA) were assessed and evaluated by detailed statistical analysis. Among the used soil types, the greatest biomass production was found on Chernozem soil with the relatively highest soil organic matter (2.81%) content and productivity. Double symbiotic activity, assessed by soil nitrogen content and mycorrhiza frequency (MYCO%), were significantly improved on the lowest-quality Arenosols (SOM 1.16%). In that slightly humous sandy soil, MYCO% was enhanced by 45%, indicating that symbiosis was crucial for plant growth in the less-fertile soil investigated. After the initial cover crop phase, the accumulated biomass was incorporated into the Luvisol (SOM 1.64%) soil, followed by the cultivation of corn (Zea mays, DK 3972) as the main crop. The results indicate that incorporating cover crop residues enhanced labile carbon (POXC) by 20% and significantly increased the FDA microbial activity in the soil, which positively correlated with the nutrient availability and growth of the maize crop. This study emphasizes the importance of selecting suitable cover crops based on their symbiotic characteristics to improve soil quality and enhance soil–plant health in sustainable agricultural systems.

Major impacts of the US Renewable Fuel Standard on corn and soybean cultivation

AbstractWe use rich spatial data on observed crop choices and ethanol production to estimate the local impacts of ethanol plants and the overall impact of the 2007 US Renewable Fuel Standard (the RFS2) on crop patterns. We find that the RFS2 increased total corn area by 9.7%, corn monoculture by 16.8%, and soybean area by 6.7%, with notable spatial heterogeneity in both the overall impact and the local effects of ethanol plants. The results indicate an RFS2‐induced shift in the geography of corn and soybean cultivation within the Corn Belt—intensification in the core, and significant expansion near the periphery.

Simulation of ambient temperature and humidity distribution in eight-span greenhouse under different wind conditions and corn height

The greenhouse environment suitable for crop growth usually depends on reasonable ventilation, and outdoor air flow state and indoor crop height are important factors affecting the ventilation effect. This study conducted simulation and experimental research on corn cultivation in an eight-span plastic greenhouse, analyzing the effects of outdoor wind speed, wind direction, and indoor crop height variations on the uniformity of temperature and relative humidity distribution as well as the air flow dynamics within the greenhouse. The study shows that as outdoor wind speed increases from 0.5 m/s to 2.5 m/s, for every 1 m/s increment, temperatures decrease by 2.2 °C and 0.9 °C, respectively. The increase in outdoor wind speed resulted in uniformity of greenhouse temperature and humidity along the vertical height, but exacerbated the degree of inhomogeneity in the east-west direction. The change in outdoor wind direction leads to differences in airflow direction and ventilation volume. On the south side of the greenhouse, while temperature is lower, the relative humidity is higher, with maximum differences in temperature and humidity between the north and south sides being 0.6 °C and 1.5 %, respectively, when the northeast wind blows. The east wind has the best cooling effect. The uneven degree of temperature and humidity distribution in the east and west direction of the greenhouse is positively correlated with crop height. This study can provide valuable insights for adjusting and optimizing natural ventilation strategies in large multi-span greenhouses.

Reclamation of abandoned cropland switches fungal community assembly from deterministic to stochastic processes

Soil microbial communities are major drivers of cycling of soil nutrients that sustain plant growth and productivity. Yet, a holistic understanding of the impact of abandoned agricultural land reclamation on the soil microbe is still poorly understood, especially for the microbial community assembly mechanisms. Here, we investigated the influence of reclamation on the relative importance of stochastic and deterministic processes in shaping microbial community assembly. After reclaiming abandoned cropland for corn and soybean cultivation, the fungal community assembly was shifted to stochastic processes, while bacterial communities remained predominantly influenced by stochastic processes. Our study revealed that reclamation did not significantly affect bacterial diversity, community niche breadth, and community similarity. In contrast, fungal communities exhibited lower alpha diversity, narrower niche breadths, greater niche overlap and higher community similarity in corn and soybean cultivation treatment in response to reclamation. Moreover, soil pH and soil available phosphorus were the most important environmental factors influencing fungal richness, niche breadths, community assembly processes, and community similarity. Together, the reclamation of abandoned cropland promoted the transformation of the fungal community assembly from deterministic process to a stochastic process, leading to decreased fungal diversity and broader ecological niche width, ultimately resulting in greater similarity among fungal communities. This finding provides insight into the varied responses of microbial diversity and ecological process to abandoned cropland reclamation, offering valuable guidance for the conservation and sustainable management of abandoned cropland in future land-use practices.

Investigating Spodoptera spp. diversity, percentage of attack, and control strategies in the West Java, Indonesia, corn cultivation

Abstract Corn, a crucial food crop in Indonesia, faces significant challenges from pests such as Spodoptera spp., impacting agricultural productivity and industrial applications. This study aimed to study the diversity and attack percentage of Spodoptera spp. on corn plants, along with the employed control techniques. The research was conducted using a survey method through field observation and farmer interviews. The insect sampling was carried out by purposive sampling, while the sampling of plants using the diagonal sampling method was done in three areas that were representative of the West Java province, Indonesia (Sumedang Regency, Cirebon Regency, and Bandung Regency). The results showed that Spodoptera frugiperda or fall armyworm has emerged as a dominant pest in all three areas. The diversity index (H′) of S. frugiperda across the Cirebon Regency, Bandung Regency, and Sumedang Regency was consistently low (<1). Varying infestation rates across districts, with the Cirebon Regency showing lower rates and Bandung and Sumedang Regencies exhibiting medium-level infestation. Farmers in Bandung and Sumedang Regencies are adopting a more diverse pest management strategy, including the regular monitoring and manual collection of larvae. In addition, the survey shows a positive relationship between the knowledge, skills, and attitude of farmers, suggesting that acquiring more information and understanding agricultural techniques contribute to effective task execution and foster positive mindsets. This comprehensive investigation sheds light on the regional variations in Spodoptera spp. dynamics, providing valuable insights for sustainable pest management in the corn cultivation of the West Java Province, Indonesia.

Stratified Effects of Tillage and Crop Rotations on Soil Microbes in Carbon and Nitrogen Cycles at Different Soil Depths in Long-Term Corn, Soybean, and Wheat Cultivation.

Understanding the soil bacterial communities involved in carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling can inform beneficial tillage and crop rotation practices for sustainability and crop production. This study evaluated soil bacterial diversity, compositional structure, and functions associated with C-N cycling at two soil depths (0-15 cm and 15-30 cm) under long-term tillage (conventional tillage [CT] and no-till [NT]) and crop rotation (monocultures of corn, soybean, and wheat and corn-soybean-wheat rotation) systems. The soil microbial communities were characterized by metabarcoding the 16S rRNA gene V4-V5 regions using Illumina MiSeq. The results showed that long-term NT reduced the soil bacterial diversity at 15-30 cm compared to CT, while no significant differences were found at 0-15 cm. The bacterial communities differed significantly at the two soil depths under NT but not under CT. Notably, over 70% of the tillage-responding KEGG orthologs (KOs) associated with C fixation (primarily in the reductive citric acid cycle) were more abundant under NT than under CT at both depths. The tillage practices significantly affected bacteria involved in biological nitrogen (N2) fixation at the 0-15 cm soil depth, as well as bacteria involved in denitrification at both soil depths. The crop type and rotation regimes had limited effects on bacterial diversity and structure but significantly affected specific C-N-cycling genes. For instance, three KOs associated with the Calvin-Benson cycle for C fixation and four KOs related to various N-cycling processes were more abundant in the soil of wheat than in that of corn or soybean. These findings indicate that the long-term tillage practices had a greater influence than crop rotation on the soil bacterial communities, particularly in the C- and N-cycling processes. Integrated management practices that consider the combined effects of tillage, crop rotation, and crop types on soil bacterial functional groups are essential for sustainable agriculture.

Neonicotinoids as emerging contaminants in China's environment: a review of current data.

Neonicotinoids (NEOs), the most widely used class of insecticides, are pervasive in the environment, eliciting concerns due to their hydrophilicity, persistence, and potential ecological risks. As the leading pesticide consumer, China shows significant regional disparities in NEO contamination. This review explores NEO distribution, sources, and toxic risks across China. The primary NEO pollutants identified in environmental samples include imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, and acetamiprid. In the north, corn cultivation represents the principal source of NEOs during wet seasons, while rice dominates in the south year-round. The high concentration levels of NEOs have been detected in the aquatic environment in the southern regions (130.25ng/L), the urban river Sects.(157.66ng/L), and the downstream sections of the Yangtze River (58.9ng/L), indicating that climate conditions and urban pollution emissions are important drivers of water pollution. Neonicotinoids were detected at higher levels in agricultural soils compared to other soil types, with southern agricultural areas showing higher concentrations (average 27.21ng/g) than northern regions (average 12.77ng/g). Atmospheric NEO levels were lower, with the highest concentration at 1560pg/m3. The levels of total neonicotinoid pesticides in aquatic environments across China predominantly exceed the chronic toxicity ecological threshold of 35ng/L, particularly in the regions of Beijing and the Qilu Lake Basin, where they likely exceed the acute toxicity ecological threshold of 200ng/L. In the future, efforts should focus on neonicotinoid distribution in agriculturally developed regions of Southwest China, while also emphasizing their usage in urban greening and household settings.

Pengembangan Potensi Petani Jagung Melalui Edukasi Budidaya Jagung Hibrida Di Desa Kesiut, Kabupaten Tabanan, Bali

Kesiut Village is located in the lowlands area of 266 hectares, with a population of 2,203 people. Most people in the village of Kesiut are corn farmer. The results of the conversation with the chief of the village of Kesiut on May 25, 2022, counseling and outreach were needed as well as direct demonstrations of how to cultivate hybrid corn to farmers in Kesiut Village. The activity was conducted for 3 months, from August 15 to November 17, 2022. The method of integrated community service activities is counseling. Activities carried out to educate how to grow hybrid corn, discuss problems and provide solutions related to hybrid corn cultivation. Initial interviews revealed that 60% of farmers rarely participated in agricultural training activities. Regarding crop failure experienced, 40% often experienced crop failure. The problem often faced by corn farmers in Kesiut Village is the management of downy mildew caused by Peronosclerospora spp. Based on questions by farmers in the activity, farmer in the village of Kesiut already have a basic understanding of hybrid corn cultivation. However, it is necessary to enrich their knowledge about good and correct cultivation techniques, especially seeds requirements, spacing, pest and disease control techniques. Farmers' response to this activity was very positive.