Mango Cultivars Research Articles

Identification of suitable coloured mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars for Bihar conditions

An experiment was conducted on 15 coloured mango cultivars at Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bihar during the year 2020-2021 to identify suitable coloured mango cultivars for Bihar conditions. Arunika and Kingphon were found early in panicle emergence and anthesis while much delayed panicle emergence and anthesis were observed in Sabri. The maximum length of the panicle was measured in Kingphon (43.22 cm) whereas; the minimum was in Sabri (17.76 cm). The minimum flowering duration was recorded in Kent (9.20 days) with statistically at par value in Sensation, Osteen and Sabri. While the longest flowering duration was observed in Arunika (22 days). Maya was topped (86.50 %) in the list for the flowering intensity which was found statistically at par with Kensington (72.50 %). Maximum number of fruit set per panicle was counted in Tommy Atkins (21.10) which was statistically at par with Sensation (20.60). Early fruit maturity and the highest number of fruits per plant at the maturity stage were found in Pusa Pratibha. The highest fruit weight, volume, pulp percentages and pulp/stone ratio were observed in Osteen (505.71g, 500.05 ml, 73.40% and 6.98 respectively) followed by Lily. Pusa Pitambar yielded the highest number of fruits per m3 canopy volume (2.34) with statistically at par results in Kent (1.77). The maximum TSS/Acid blend was assessed in Sensation (99.25). The total sugar content (16.48%) was found in Pusa Pratibha which was statistically at par with Pusa Surya (15.90%) and Sabri (15.47%). The total carotenoid content was estimated at maximum in Pusa Pitambar (7.19 mg 100-1 g FW). In Ambika, the highest ascorbic acid was estimated (55.00 mg 100-1 g pulp). The cultivars like Pusa Shrestha, Pusa Pratibha, Pusa Surya, Lily, Ambika and Arunika had shown delightful colour with higher yields, especially in Pusa Pitambar.

Overexpression of mango MiMFT inhibits seed germination and enhances abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis

Mother of FT and TFL1 (MFT) is a member of the phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein (PEBP) family, which plays important roles in seed development, the stress response, and flowering time regulation. In the present study, the MFT homologous gene MiMFT was identified in mango cultivar ‘SiJiMi’. The promoter of MiMFT contained phytohormone-, plant growth-, plant development-, and abiotic stress-responsive elements. MiMFT was significantly highly expressed in the seeds, and its expression strongly increased in response to polyethylene glycol (PEG) and NaCl treatment. Overexpression of MiMFT in Arabidopsis adversely affected seed germination and upregulated seed germination-related gene expression, but it did not affect flowering. Additionally, the salt and drought tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis lines overexpressing MiMFT considerably increased, and these plants presented decreased sensitivity to abscisic acid (ABA), with significantly increased expression of stress-related and ABA signaling pathway genes. Subcellular localization analysis showed that MiMFT strongly localizes in the nucleus, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays showed that MiMFT proteins interact with Mi14–3–3D2. In summary, MiMFT was determined to be involved in seed germination as well as in the response to abiotic stress.

Response of mango (Mangifera indica) Cultivars to agro-chemicals for growth and flowering

Response of mango (Mangifera indica) Cultivars to agro-chemicals for growth and flowering

Response of mango (Mangifera indica) cultivars to agro-chemicals for growth and flowering

An experiment was conducted during 2015-16 and 2016-17 at Agricultural Research Station, Banswara district of Rajasthan (Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture & Technology, Udaipur) to study the response of different agro-chemicals for growth and flowering of mango (Mangifera indica). The plants were planted in a square system of planting with a 10m x 10m spacing. Agro-chemicals, calcium chloride, potassium nitrate, paclobutrazol and sorbitol were used. The treatment combinations were applied as control (water spray), calcium chloride (0.3, 0.6 and 0.9%), potassium nitrate (1, 2 and 3%), paclobutrazol (500, 1000 and 1500 ppm) and sorbitol (1.5, 2.0 and 2.5%). Application of different agro-chemicals were applied at different stages and time. Effect of agro-chemicals was found significant for growth and flowering parameters. Paclobutrazol (1500 ppm) was found better for shoot length and diameter, tree spread, canopy volume and days of fruit setting from flower initiation and flowering characters viz. date of flower initiation, per cent fruit setting and retention, days to harvest from fruit setting and first flush after fruiting.

PRODUCTION, MARKETING AND ECONOMIC DYNAMICS OF MANGO AT BHERIGANGA MUNICIPALITY, SURKHET, NEPAL

The present study was carried out to assess the production, marketing and economic dynamics of mango in Bheriganga Municipality of Surkhet district in 2022. Purposefully, 81 mango growers having minimum mango orchards of 1 hectare in size and 10 to 15 years old were selected. A pre-tested and standard interview schedule was employed for a household survey to collect primary data. The findings of the study revealed that mango farming has a major contribution to household income. Dashari variety of mango was very popular among farmers and gradually changed the production system from subsistence to market oriented. The mango growers in the study area contributed an average NRs 189286.4 in cost of production/ha with average productivity of 11383.2 kg/ha. Gross revenue and net incomes were 628352.64 Rs/ha and 439066.24 Rs/ha respectively. BC ratio, profit-to-revenue ratio and input-output ratio were 2.32, 69.88 and 3.32 respectively. However, all the findings revealed with mango production were significant, but marketing is not well-organized, and the prices offered by each channel vary. In addition, farmers were more likely to exclude from market information due to long value chains, a lack of transparency and the presence of too many players. Despite serious irrigation, disease and insect problems, farmers were still able to produce a significant number of mangoes. However, due to the monopolized market system of middlemen and negligible efforts for value-addition practices, farmers were forced to accept lower farm gate prices while retail prices of those products were high. It was necessary to strengthen the marketing system, establish processing industries, and mobilize resources to give more negotiating power to the farmers because there was so much potential for value addition.

Assessment of weather parameters effect and phenology of mango cultivars in south Gujarat of India

Assessment of weather parameters effect and phenology of mango cultivars in south Gujarat of India

Chemical Studies of Exotic Mango Cultivars under South Gujarat Agro-Climatic Conditions

The present investigation entitled “Performance of exotic mango cultivars under South Gujarat agro-climatic conditions” was conducted during 2018-19 at Agriculture Experimental Station, NAU, Paria and Center of Excellence on Post Harvest Technology, Department of Post Harvest Technology, ASPEE College of Horticulture and Forestry, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari. The experiment was taken on 15 year old exotic mango cultivars planted at 8 m spacing in square system and laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) repeated thrice with nine treatments. Among these cultivar Maya was found to be superior with respect to TSS, ascorbic acid, reducing sugar, total sugar and overall acceptability

Field Infestation and Seasonality Range of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendle) in Major Host Mango Cultivars of Sindh, Pakistan

Field Infestation and Seasonality Range of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendle) in Major Host Mango Cultivars of Sindh, Pakistan

Assessing the relative preference of mango varieties through Paired Comparison Method in Murshidabad district of West Bengal

Assessing the relative preference of mango varieties through Paired Comparison Method in Murshidabad district of West Bengal

Solar drying study of mango (Mangifera indica) and determination of glucose content in dehydrated samples

Today, the food industry processes are increasing both the costs and the consumption of energy through fossil fuels. The dehydration process to preserve food is increasingly used worldwide to safeguard both its organoleptic and nutritional properties, so it is essential to use renewable energies to replace conventional technologies. Mexico is a great producer and exporter of different mango varieties, with excellent culinary quality and nutritional properties. In the present work, direct cabinet-type solar dryers were used, and drying times between 420 and 540 min were obtained in fresh samples with 74.5% and 7.5% of initial and final humidity, respectively. Compared to its new mango content, glucose decreased in the dry samples.

Comparison of leaf volatile aroma constituents and phenolic acid profiles of the seedling originated polyembryonic mango (Mangifera indica L.) genotypes

In mango, leaf and fruit volatile aroma profiles are variety specific which can be used as fingerprint of a variety. Such biochemical markers can also discriminate the nucellar and zygotic seedlings in polyembryonic mango varieties. In order to validate the applicability of volatile as well as phenolic acid profiles as biomarkers, the open pollinated seedlings of three polyembryonic varieties of mango were compared with their mother trees. Leaf volatile and phenol acid profiling were done using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) and Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (LCMS) methods respectively. The sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were the most abundant in all the genotypes studied. Monoterpenoids were the major compounds in cultivars Vellaikolumban and Olour, while the sesquiterpenoids were the major compounds in cv. Turpentine. While terpinolene was the major monoterpenoid compound in Vellaikolumban and limonene in cv. Olour, the sesquiterpene á-gurjunene was the major compound in cv. Turpentine. Volatile profiling showed clear differences between the varieties but was similar within a variety. Among the 15 phenolic acids quantified in the leaves, P-coumaric acid, gallic acid, and ferulic acids were predominant whereas, vanillic acid, syringic acid, gentisic acid, benzoic acid, and sinapic acids were low in quantity. Phenolic acid profile did not show significant diversity among the varieties and therefore cannot be used for identification of varieties. The volatile profiling can be used for the identification and differentiation of polyembryonic mango genotypes.

Composition and Functional Effect of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Almond Flours on Wheat Dough Rheology.

Composition and technofunctional properties of the almond flours of 12 mango varieties from savannah zones of Cameroon (Central Africa) are assessed in order to highlight their potential use in breadmaking, through their effect on dough rheology. The compositions of almonds display starch as the major constituent (60-65%) with more than 80% of amylopectin and a significant presence of phenolic compounds (1-7%), lipids (7-13%), and proteins (4-7%), depending on mango varieties, with local varieties showing the highest polyphenol and lipid contents. Almond flours are characterized by high WAC (water absorption capacity) and OAC (oil absorption capacity) and pasting properties influenced by starch lipid and starch protein complexes. In wheat-mango almond composite flours, the pasting properties are mango variety and almond flour treatment (native or delipidated) dependent, with a substitution threshold effect variable from one variety to another. Alveographic profiles of the composite flours result in dough characterized by high tenacity (P) but low swelling index (G) and baking strength (W). These effects are intensified with increasing substitution of wheat. However, up to 10% wheat substitution, the composite flours seem acceptable in breadmaking, with 9 mango varieties hypothetically convenient for the reduction of bread staling.

Advances in Physiological, Transcriptomic, Proteomic, Metabolomic, and Molecular Genetic Approaches for Enhancing Mango Fruit Quality.

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is a nutritionally important fruit of high nutritive value, delicious in taste with an attractive aroma. Due to their antioxidant and therapeutic potential, mango fruits are receiving special attention in biochemical and pharmacognosy-based studies. Fruit quality determines consumer's acceptance, and hence, understanding the physiological, biochemical, and molecular basis of fruit development, maturity, ripening, and storage is essential. Transcriptomic, metabolomic, proteomic, and molecular genetic approaches have led to the identification of key genes, metabolites, protein candidates, and quantitative trait loci that are associated with enhanced mango fruit quality. The major pathways that determine the fruit quality include amino acid metabolism, plant hormone signaling, carbohydrate metabolism and transport, cell wall biosynthesis and degradation, flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis, and carotenoid metabolism. Expression of the polygalacturonase, cutin synthase, pectin methyl esterase, pectate lyase, β-galactosidase, and ethylene biosynthesis enzymes are related to mango fruit ripening, flavor, firmness, softening, and other quality processes, while genes involved in the MAPK signaling pathway, heat shock proteins, hormone signaling, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis are associated with diseases. Metabolomics identified volatiles, organic acids, amino acids, and various other compounds that determine the characteristic flavor and aroma of the mango fruit. Molecular markers differentiate the mango cultivars based on their geographical origins. Genetic linkage maps and quantitative trait loci studies identified regions in the genome that are associated with economically important traits. The review summarizes the applications of omics techniques and their potential applications toward understanding mango fruit physiology and their usefulness in future mango breeding.

Molecular evaluation of selected mango genotypes grown in Egypt using SCoT and ISSR markers

The mango (Mangifera indica L.) is a common tropical and subtropical fruit and the second main fruit crop in Egypt. In this work, start codon targeted (SCoT) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were employed to study the genetic relationship among twenty-three mango genotypes grown under the El-Giza district conditions. These genotypes consist of four newly introduced cultivars, six new progenies and thirteen closely related mango cultivars which were included as cultivar references for the best definition. Based on the overall SCoT and ISSR data, a total of 52 bands were generated (18 for SCoT and 34 for ISSR) with a total polymorphic percentage equal to 53.84% (44.44% for SCoT and 58.82% for ISSR). Based on the whole set of SCoT and ISSR marker data, the genetic similarity coefficients ranged from 80 to 97% with a mean equal to 88.5% and the first two principal axes explained about 31% of the total genetic variation among the mango accessions. The SCoT and ISSR data revealed that the four newly introduced mango genotypes, namely ‘Aya’, ‘Kasturi’, ‘Maya’ and ‘Omer’, are novel genetic resources based on their genetic profiles, which can be used for future breeding programmes in Egypt.

Characterization of Fruit Quality Traits and Biochemical Properties in Different Myanmar Mango Cultivars during Ripening Stages

Here, we characterized the changes in fruit quality and biochemical parameters in four Myanmar mango cultivars from ripening stage 1 to 4 at ambient temperature. Total soluble solids, total sugars, and reducing and non-reducing sugar content increased, whereas titratable acidity decreased with increasing storage time in all cultivars. ‘Sein Ta Lone’ showed the highest consumer acceptability, with maximum sensory quality scores owing to its unique characteristics. ‘Hin Thar’ and ‘Ma Chit Su’ also had better quality and sensory attributes than ‘Yin Kwae’. Sugar/acid ratios in all cultivars ranged from 23 to 50, the standard sugar/acid ratios in high-quality mango fruits. The total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity among cultivars ranged from 8.20 to 14.96 mg gallic acid equivalents and 19.52 to 26.79 mg vitamin C equivalents antioxidant capacity, respectively, per 100 g of fruit extract throughout the storage. ‘Hin Thar’ was the richest in phytochemical compounds. A significant positive correlation was found between total phenolic activity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl free radical scavenging activity of fruits, showing that TPC exhibited linear relationships with the antioxidant activities of each mango variety during the different stages of ripening.

Effect of postharvest treatments on the shelf life of two mango cultivars

Effect of postharvest treatments on the shelf life of two mango cultivars

Histological Studies in Vegetative and Reproductive Mango Buds

The present study was conducted on ten mango cultivars namely Alphonso, Bangalora, Kalepad, Himayuddin, Sendura, Mulgoa, Neelum, Rumani, Banganapalli and Swarnarekha and seasons are main and off-season at Kanyakumari and Tenkasi. The stem along with bud sample was collected during the month of October and November and conducted to examine the relation between internal structure of leafy and reproductive bud. During main season. Among ten mango cultivars, Bangalora and Swarnarekha have well developed at kanyakumar during main season for stage I, whereas Tenkasi, Alphonso and Bangalora well developed buds during the main season in stage I was observed. During off-season observed at kanyakumari Neelum and Alphonso had well developed for vegetative bud in stage I. At Tenkasi cultivars Kalapad and Bangalora had well developed for vegetative bud in stage I. The climatic factors prevailing at Kanyakumari during the main and off seasons for the months of August to September low temperature (190C to 210C) and high humidity (85 to 90%) and main season for the month of October to November, low temperature (210C to 230C) and humidity (80 to 85%). Whereas reproductive stage observed mango cultivars, Alphonso, Bangalora, Kalapad, Neelum and Swarnarekha had well developed reproductive buds in stage II & III during main season at kanyakumari. During off-season, cultivars of Himampasand, Kalapad, Alphoso, Neelum and Swarnarekha had well developed reproductive bud for stag II & III was favoured different stages of bud differentiation in the ten cultivars of mango.

Differential gene expression associated with flower development of mango (Mangifera indica L.) varieties with different shelf-life

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is one of the most important commercial fruit crop grown in many parts of the world. Major challenges affecting mango trade are short shelf-life, high susceptibility to chilling injury, post-harvest diseases and consumer demand for improved fruit quality. The objective of the present study was to reveal the key regulators present in bud and flower tissues during flower development stage, associated with fruit development and affect the shelf-life of the mango fruit. RNA-sequencing of contrasting genotypes having short and long shelf-life, was carried out. Comparative differential expression pathway studies of long shelf-life (Totapuri) and short shelf-life (Bombay Green) mango genotypes revealed a total of 177 highly differentially expressed genes. Out of 177 total genes, 101 genes from endoplasmic reticulum pathway and very few from gibberellins (3) and jasmonic acid (1) pathway were identified. Genes from endoplasmic reticulum pathway like hsp 90, SRC2, DFRA, CHS, BG3 and ASPG1 mainly up regulated in Bombay Green. Uniprotein B9R8D3 also shows up regulation in Bombay Green. Ethylene insensitive pathway gene EIL1 up regulated in Bombay Green. Gene CAD1 from phenylpropanoid pathway mainly up regulated in Bombay Green. A total of 4 SSRs and 227 SNPs were mined from these pathways specific to the shelf-life. Molecular studies of endoplasmic reticulum, phenylpropanoid, ethylene, polygalacturonase and hormone pathways at the time of bud and flower formation revealed key regulators that determine the shelf-life of mango fruit.

Biochemical Characterization of Mango Kernel (Mangifera indica) Grown in Côte d’Ivoire and Formulation of Butter for Cosmetic Use

Aims: The peel and the kernel of mangoes of KENT and KEIT varieties, although presenting enormous nutritive and technological potentialities, are considered as waste and, as a result, rejected in nature causing environmental pollution. This study therefore set itself the general objective of contributing to the development of mango by-products (Mangifera indica) by incorporating them into formulations of products for cosmetic use.
 Study Design: Almond butter was obtained from the fresh and dried almonds of two varieties of mangoes (KENT and KEIT).
 Place and Duration of Study: Fruits of mango (KENT and KEIT) varieties at commercial maturity used in this study came from Banco fruit market (Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire). The tests were carried out at the laboratory of food biochemistry of Nangui Abrogoua University, between May and July 2020.
 Methodology: The mango kernels (Mangifera indica) were extracted and the biochemical characterization of both fresh kernels and almond powders was carried out on parameters such as lipids, ash, fibers, etc. Then, mango kernel powder of KENT with good potential was used for the formulation of butter. Following the control formulation, different formulations were made by reducing volume of extraction solvent (sunflower oil) and varying the amount of beeswax used at 10% and 35% of the mass of macerate used. Finally, physicochemical properties of butter were determined.
 Results: The study showed that mango kernels produced in Côte d’Ivoire, specifically mango kernel powders, were rich in lipids (8-9%), proteins (2-7%), fiber (9-11%), carbohydrates (35-76%), ash (2.99-5.66%), vitamin C (35-104 mg/100g) and many other biomolecules, which made possible the production of butter. The physicochemical properties of butter gave results of acid numbers of 8.24 to 9.03 mg KOH/g oil and saponification of 189.45 to 212.09 mg KOH/g oil. These indices combined with pH (4.6 to 5.2), density (0.3 to 0.91) and color are indicators of the good quality of butter. Finally, the KE 1/3 formulation, with 35% beeswax added, gave the most satisfaction.
 Conclusion: These physical and chemical properties obtained would suggest a finished product of quality and good conservation and good scent pleasant and would have various applications in the cosmetic field in particular in the nutrition of the skin and the hair.

Impact of Soil Application of Farm Yard Manure, Pigeon Wilt and Humic Acid on Vegetative Growth, Yield and Fruit Quality of “Kiet” Mango Cultivar

Impact of Soil Application of Farm Yard Manure, Pigeon Wilt and Humic Acid on Vegetative Growth, Yield and Fruit Quality of “Kiet” Mango Cultivar