Characteristics Of Cultivars Research Articles

Influence of weather conditions in Central Polissia, Ukraine, on the expression of quality indicators in potato cultivars of different maturity groups

For Ukrainians, potatoes are a key foodstuff and the most important strategic crop in the vegetable segment, and therefore it is vital to investigate the quality characteristics of potato tubers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of various meteorological factors on the taste and starch content of tubers of different potato cultivars. The study employed laboratory, analytical, mathematical, and statistical methods. Both positive and negative correlation between starch content in tubers, taste, average monthly temperature, and precipitation were found in cultivars of different ripeness groups. For some potato cultivars, the positive effect on the starch content in tubers was due to the synergistic interaction of temperatures in August and precipitation in July, while for other cultivars this effect was determined by temperature and precipitation in August. It was found that an increase in temperature in August contributed to the improvement of the taste characteristics of early-ripening cultivars, while for middle early and mid-ripening genotypes, increased temperatures in June and August were key factors, and middle-late cultivars responded to increased precipitation in August. For each of the 19 cultivars studied, periods with a positive effect of average monthly temperature and precipitation on the improvement of taste were identified. The cluster analysis helped to identify potato cultivars with high starch content – Lietana, Opillia, Vzirets, and Oleksandryt, with high taste qualities – Lietana, Mezhyrichka 11, Vzirets, Avanhard, Partner, Oleksandryt, Fanatka, Rostavytsia, and Opillia. The findings of this study can serve as a scientific basis for the formulation of policies aimed at mitigating the effects of climate change and adapting existing cultivars to support sustainable potato production in a particular region and creating new plastic potato genotypes with sustainable quality characteristics

Water stress affect water relations, photosynthesis and oxidative defense mechanism in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Water stress is a major obstacle to agricultural production, significantly impacting both yield and quality. During the 2017–18 crop year in Shahriar region near Tehran, Iran, known for its dry and cold climate, a study was conducted to examine the influence of different irrigation levels on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of various wheat cultivars. The experiment involved three irrigation levels: normal irrigation (control), withholding irrigation at the flowering stage, and withholding irrigation at the seed-filling stage as primary factors, with 21 different cultivars as secondary factors. The analysis showed that irrigation, cultivar type, and their interactions had a significant effect on grain yield, proline, total chlorophyll, carbohydrate content in the first and second internodes during flowering and ripening, as well as on SOD, CAT, GPX, MDA, DT, and D-OH-dG levels at a one percent significance level. Withholding irrigation at the flowering stage had a more severe impact compared to the seed-filling stage. The Rakhshan and Sivand cultivars yielded the highest and lowest grain yields under normal irrigation conditions, while the drought-tolerant Ofogh cultivar showed lower yields when irrigation was withheld at the flowering stage. Water stress led to increased proline levels and higher levels of SOD, CAT, MDA, DT, and D-OH-dG in wheat cultivars. The Rakhshan and Sivand cultivars were identified as drought-tolerant in this region.

Optimization of nutrient management improves productivity, quality and sustainability of albino tea cultivar Baiye-1.

Proper nutrient management is crucially important to the sustainable development of tea production. Compared to normal green-leaf cultivars, albino tea cultivars produce green tea of superior quality characterized by high contents of amino acids as a result of the hydrolysis of chloroplast proteins at albinism. However, the advantage of albino tea cultivars was offset by inferior growth and yield performance because of low contents of chlorophylls and limited photosynthesis capacity. Our understanding about the nutrition characteristics of albino tea cultivars was very limited. A four-year field experiment was conducted to develop proper nutrient management for Baiye-1 to overcome its weakness of low productivity without a tradeoff in tea quality and environmental risks. The nutrient management schemes were formulated by optimizing the rate and ratio of nitrogen (N), phosphorus, potassium and magnesium together with substitution of chemical fertilizers with organic manures. The total amounts of nutrients in the optimized schemes were reduced by 25% compared to the local farmers' practice (FP). Results showed that optimized rates and ratio of nutrients together with partial substitution of chemical fertilizers with rapeseed cake manure more considerably improved albino tea yield, the contents of free amino acids, total polyphenol and catechins relative to FP. Partial substitution of chemical fertilizers with commercial livestock manure decreased tea quality, which was likely caused by a dilution effect of increasing tea yield and decreasing N status of tea plants. Full organic substitution of chemical fertilizers by rapeseed cake manure improved tea yield and quality but had relatively low agronomic efficiency and profit. The effect of optimized nutrient management schemes was associated with the improvement of nutritional status in tea plants. The present work demonstrated that the optimization of nutrient management considerably improved albino tea yield, quality and profit while decreased the application rate of fertilizers and the intensity of greenhouse gas emissions.

Optimizing Apricot Yield and Quality with Biostimulant Interventions: A Comprehensive Analysis

Biostimulant products are recognized for their ability to improve the agronomic parameters of plants and the qualitative and nutraceutical parameters of fruits and confer greater resistance to plants under abiotic and biotic stress conditions. In our study, we tested three different biostimulants on cultivar “Lady Cot” apricot plants: animal-derived protein hydrolysate, plant-derived protein hydrolysate, and one based on algae to evaluate their effects on improving the agronomic parameters of plants and fruit quality. The product that stood out for providing positive effects was the protein hydrolysate-based product, which increased plant production by 53.80% and yield efficiency by 56.38%. At the same time, it also increased the fruit’s diameter growth by approximately 8.3%, showing positive effects on fruit weight as well. The animal-derived protein hydrolysate also reduced acidity by 13.8% and showed a significant increase compared to the control in terms of total polyphenols. Additional research is scheduled to validate these results and ascertain which categories of biostimulant products are most effective in enhancing the agronomic, qualitative, and sensory characteristics of other apricot cultivars.

IMPACTS OF WATER STRESS ON Urochloa brizantha FORAGE CULTIVARS

Water deficit during the dry season is one of the main factors affecting the productivity and quality of pastures. The present work aims at evaluating the effects of water deficit on the morphological and productive characteristics of Urochloa brizantha cultivars grown in Quartzarenic Neosol. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse under a completely randomized design with a 4×2 factorial arrangement, with four cultivars (Marandu, MG4, MG13 Braúna and MG5 Vitória), two water availability conditions (50% or 100% of field capacity) and six repetitions. Structural, morphogenic and productive variables were evaluated 15, 25 and 35 days after the beginning of treatment application. For all productive characteristics evaluated during 35 days of water stress, it was observed that a 50% reduction in water availability significantly (P<0.05) reduced total fresh and dry mass production and leaf production of Marandu, MG13 Braúna and MG5 Vitória. Except for MG13 Braúna, the leaf/stem ratio of these cultivars was impaired. Regardless of water availability, when comparing forages during 35 days, lower cumulative leaf length and higher fresh and dry mass production of stems were observed in the Marandu cultivar. Regarding the response of productive characteristics, the MG4 cultivar showed the best results under water deficit when grown in Quartzarenic Neosol.

Unveiling the transformations in phytochemicals and grape features: a thorough examination of 'Italia' and 'Bronx Seedless' cultivars throughout multiple berry development stages

Understanding the physical and phytochemical characteristics of grape cultivars across different berry development stages is crucial for optimizing grape production and quality in the agricultural and viticultural industries. The study, therefore, investigated the physical characteristics and phytochemical composition of 'Italia' and 'Bronx Seedless' grape cultivars harvested across six distinct periods. In grape cultivars displayed an intriguing journey in terms of resveratrol, ranging from 5.96 mg/kg in Period I to 11.59 mg/kg in Period VI. These vital compounds known for contributing to grape color and potential health benefits showed substantial variation across the grape cultivars and harvest periods. In addition, significant variations in phytochemical compositions were observed between 'Italia' and 'Bronx Seedless' grape cultivars, with 'Italia' generally exhibiting higher concentrations of key compounds such as resveratrol, pterostilbene, anthocyanidins, and flavonoids. The longitudinal analysis across six berry developmental periods highlighted a progressive increase in the concentrations of these phytochemicals in cultivar, indicating a dynamic evolution of grape biochemistry over time. Particularly, delphinidin-3-O-glycoside, cyanidin-3-O-glycoside, and petunidin-3-O-glycoside showed marked increases, indicating significant growth in anthocyanin content from Period I to Period VI. Utilizing PCA biplots and a hierarchical clustering heatmap, the study visually represented the relationships and variances among various phytochemical components. The insights revealed how certain compounds clustered together, suggesting similarities and dissimilarities. The positioning of compounds on these plots indicated their significance in characterizing grape cultivars and their maturation over time. In summary, the data underlined the strong influence of berry development time on phytochemical composition, emphasizing the importance of strategic grape harvesting to attain desired phytochemical profiles for wine or other grape products. The findings provide valuable insights for grape growers, winemakers, and researchers aiming to exploit the full potential of these compounds in grape-based products and for those interested in understanding the dynamics of grape phytochemistry.

Responses of Canola Cultivars to Application of Micronutrients upon Late-season Drought Stress

ABSTRACT There are different climate classes in Iran where about 85% of the agricultural lands are located in arid and semi-arid regions. To mitigate or compensate effects of drought stress and increase crop fitting and yield, effects of micronutrient application have been studied by several researchers. Field experiments were conducted during the 2021–2022 and 2022–2023 crop seasons to investigate the effect of micronutrients on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of canola cultivars under late-season drought stress conditions. The experiments were arranged in a factorial split-plot design, with two irrigation treatments – normal irrigation (control) or restricted irrigation at flowering stage – and four foliar applications of Zn and Mn after rosette stage (F1: Water, F2: ZnSO4, F3: MnSO4 and F4: ZnSO4 + MnSO4) as the main factor. Winter canola cultivars, including Okapy, Hyola401 and Hyola308, as sub-factor. The results showed that limited irrigation at flowering reduced seed yield, oil percentage and fatty acids content in different canola cultivars. Most of the canola oil is composed of unsaturated fatty acids, and the occurrence of drought stress at the reproductive stage reduced oil quality. By contrast, the minimum yield loss was obtained from Hylon401 cultivar, an early mature cultivar. Overall, it is recommended Hylon401 cultivar for normal irrigation and Hylon308 cultivar for a drought environment when considered the acceptable seed yield in canola. In general, it is suggested that a suitable performance of canola seeds is achieved by foliar application of manganese and zinc.

Manganese and zinc effect on yield, fatty acid ratio, and maternal seeds germination of canola cultivars upon late-season drought stress

To mitigate the effects of drought stress on fatty acid compositions and seed germination, various hypothesis have been studied by researchers. In this study, the field experiments were conducted in two cropping seasons (2020–2021) to investigate the effect of micronutrients on some characteristics of canola cultivars under late-season drought stress conditions. The experiments were arranged in a factorial split-plot design with three replications. The main factors included irrigation regimes (regular irrigation and irrigation interruption at the flowering stage) and foliar applications of Zn and Mn after rosette stage (F1: none application, F2: ZnSO4, F3: MnSO4, and F4: ZnSO4+MnSO4). The third factor included three cultivars, including Nima, R15 and KS7, as subfactor. Limited irrigation at flowering stage reduced length of seedling (25% and 17%), weight of seedling (30% and 14%), and seed yield (42% and 29) in first and second year, respectively. Irrigation withholding at flowering stage reduced seed yield by 37, 27, and 42% in R15, Nima and KS7 cultivars, respectively. Based on the current experimental data, irrigation withholding at flowering stage caused severe stress to the plants, especially those with long-term growth periods such as R15 and KS7. By contrast, the minimum yield loss was obtained from Nima cultivar, an early mature cultivar. Overall, it is recommended R15 cultivar for normal irrigation and Nima cultivar for a drought environment when considered the acceptable seed yield in new plants. In general, it is suggested that a suitable performance of canola seeds is achieved by foliar application of manganese and zinc.

Genome identification and diversity analysis of banana (Musa spp.) from Jember based on morphological characters

Introduction: Banana plants are easy to find and grow in Indonesia, including in Jember. Banana production in Jember in 2020 increased by 50% and has the potential to be inventoried and developed. Information regarding the characteristics of various banana cultivars is needed for future banana breeding. This research was conducted to identify and classify the genome of bananas growing in Jember and determine the level of banana diversity. Methods: The banana exploration using a purposive sampling method. The observation of 15 morphological characters followed the method of Simmonds and Shepherd. Determination of the genome followed the method of Silayoi & Chamchalow and Singh & Uma. The kinship analysis uses cluster analysis using the average linkage method and Gower distance, by R Studio software. Results: There were 23 banana cultivars obtained in this research, consisting of 35% dessert bananas and 65% plantain types. Genome identification results in four genome groups, namely AA/AAA, AAB, ABB, and BB. Cluster analysis produces three main groups, where its branch is generally consistent with the genome grouping. The closest relationship is between Rayap and Seribu bananas (0.96), while the furthest is between Gaje and Agung bananas (0.38). The dissimilarity value for 23 banana cultivars is 0.36, or the similarity is 0.64. Conclusion: The 23 banana cultivars are closely related or have low diversity based on the 15 morphological characters observed. Further identification can be carried out with a greater number of morphological characters, accompanied by molecular identification.

Rubisco and sucrose synthesis and translocation are involved in the regulation of photosynthesis in wheat with different source-sink relationships.

Source-sink relationships influence photosynthesis. So far, the limiting factors for photosynthesis of wheat cultivars with different source-sink relationships have not been determined. We aimed to determine the variation patterns of photosynthetic characteristics of wheat cultivars with different source-sink relationships. In this study, two wheat cultivars with different source-sink relationships were selected for photosynthetic physiological analyses. The results showed that YM25 (source-limited cultivar) had higher photosynthetic efficiency compared to YM1 (sink-limited cultivar). This is mainly due to a stronger photochemical efficiency, electron transfer capacity, and Rubisco carboxylation capacity of YM25. YM25 accumulated less soluble carbohydrates in flag leaves than YM1. This is mainly due to the stronger sucrose synthesis and transport capacity of YM25 by presenting higher sucrose-related enzyme activities and gene expression. A PCA analysis showed that Rubisco was the main factor limiting the photosynthetic capacity of YM25. The soluble sugar accumulation in flag leaves and sink limitation decreased the photosynthetic activity of YM1. Increased N application improved source-sink relationships and increased grain yield and source leaf photosynthetic capacity in both two wheat cultivars. Taken together, our findings suggest that Rubisco and sucrose synthesis and translocation are involved in the regulation of photosynthesis of wheat cultivars with different source-sink relationships and that source and sink limitation effects should be considered in photosynthesis.

Study on Rachis Characters of Different Cultivars of Banana

Banana is one of the most important staple food around tropics. Bananas can be eaten as green when it is starchy. These crops are the most important components for food security around world by providing income to the farming community through local trade. This experiment was conducted to study the rachis behaviour and male bud characteristics of ABB genomic group and AAB genomic group banana cultivars. Here 5 cultivars under ABB genomic group (Behula, Bara Beglo, Bluggoe, Green Bombay, Pantharaj) and 5 cultivars of AAB genomic group (Dudhsagar, Martaman, Manohar, Desi Malbhog, Kalibhog) were observed. All of these 10 cultivars showed different characteristics in case of male bud, like male bud shape, male bud size, colour of the bract (external face), male bract lifting, wax on the bract, male flower behaviour, compound tepal basic colour, anther colour, stigma colour, ovary shape and dominant colour of male flower, all these were explained in details in this study.

Change in the Physiological Aspects of Soybean Caused by Infestation by Bemisia tabaci MEAM1

Whiteflies cause significant crop losses through direct sap feeding, inducing plant physiological disorders and promoting the growth of sooty mold. Moreover, whiteflies can indirectly harm plants by transmitting plant viruses, particularly begomoviruses and criniviruses, resulting in severe viral disease epidemics. This study aimed to evaluate the physiological characteristics of susceptible and resistant soybean cultivars to B. tabaci. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse. Eleven soybean cultivars were selected and infested with 100 adults of B. tabaci at the V3 stage. The evaluation of photosynthetic parameters, such as photosynthetic rate, leaf transpiration, stomatal conductance, and internal CO2 concentration, revealed that B. tabaci infestation influenced gas exchange in soybean plants. The photosynthetic rate was higher in cultivars AS3810 and M8349 during the V6 stage. Infestations caused alterations in photosynthetic parameters, suggesting increased energy demand to maintain photosynthetic activity. However, the response to infestation varied among the different cultivars, indicating varying levels of resistance and tolerance to the whitefly’s damage. Furthermore, the infestation had a more notable impact during the vegetative phenological stage. In summary, infestation by B. tabaci has a discernible impact on the physiology of soybean plants, resulting in alterations in gas exchange parameters and water use efficiency. The reaction to infestation exhibited variations among different soybean cultivars, indicating potential differences in resistance to the pest. This study underscores the significance of assessing the physiological consequences of whitefly infestations on soybean crops.

Determination and comparison of morpho-physiological characteristics of Turkish sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) grown in Afyonkarahisar: local cultivars and genotypes

The research focused on analyzing qualitative and quantitative morpho-physiological characteristics of local sweet cherry cultivars and genotypes. Quantitative and qualitative characteristics (fruit weight, fruit length, fruit width, fruit shape, fruit pistil end, fruit suture, fruit skin colour, fruit flesh colour, length of fruit stalk, thickness of fruit stalk, weight of fruit stalk, colour of fruit juice, fruit juiciness, eating quality, fruit sweetness, stone weight, stone shape, TA, pH, L*, a*, b*, H, croma, cracking index, sensitivity class) with UPOV descriptors were used in the evaluation. The findings revealed a significant variation among local cultivars and genotypes. It was determined that there was a low-level negative correlation between cracking index and fruit weight, fruit length, stone weight, TA, pH and L*; and a low-level positive correlation between fruit width, fruit stem length, thickness and weight, SCC, a*, b*, H and croma. The heat map and clustering analysis classified local cultivars and genotypes into two main clusters, each containing several secondary sub-clusters. This classification indicates a significant potential within the characterized sweet cherry collection for targeted breeding purposes. In particular, local sweet cherry cultivars and genotypes classified into several clusters show promise as potential parental candidates for hybridization in breeding. As a result of the research, local cultivars and genotypes with high fruit weight and cracking resistance were identified. The dendrogram showing the examined characteristics visually expresses the differentiation between local cultivars and genotypes, thus indicating clear distinctions. We believe these genotypes can be employed in breeding and breeding research.

Exploration of cross-cultivar group characteristics of a new cultivar of Prunus mume 'Zhizhang Guhong Chongcui'

'Zhizhang Guhong Chongcui' is a new cultivar of Prunus mume with cross-cultivar group characteristics. It has typical characteristics of cinnabar purple cultivar group and green calyx cultivar group. It has green calyx, white flower, and light purple xylem, but the mechanism remains unclear. In order to clarify the causes of its cross-cultivar group traits, the color phenotype, anthocyanin content and the expression levels of genes related to anthocyanin synthesis pathway of 'Zhizhang Guhong Chongcui', 'Yuxi Zhusha' and 'Yuxi Bian Lü'e' were determined. It was found that the red degree of petals, sepals and fresh xylem in branches was positively correlated with the total anthocyanin content. MYBɑ1, MYB1, and bHLH3 were the key transcription factor genes that affected the redness of the three cultivars of flowers and xylem. The transcription factors further promoted the high expression of structural genes F3'H, DFR, ANS and UFGT, thereby promoting the production of red traits. Combined with phenotype, anthocyanin content and qRT-PCR results, it was speculated that the white color of petals of 'Zhizhang Guhong Chongcui' were derived from the high expression of FLS, F3'5'H, LAR and ANR genes in other branches of cyanidin synthesis pathway, and the low expression of GST gene. The green color of sepals might be originated from the relatively low expression of F3'H, DFR and ANS genes. The red color of xylem might be derived from the high expression of ANS and UFGT genes. This study made a preliminary explanation for the characteristics of the cross-cultivar group of 'Zhizhang Guhong Chongcui', and provided a reference for molecular breeding of flower color and xylem color of Prunus mume.

Changes in Photosynthetic Characteristics between Green-Leaf Poplar Linn. "2025" and Its Bud-Sporting Colored-Leaf Cultivars.

Colored-leaf poplar is increasingly popular due to its great ornamental values and application prospects. However, the photosynthetic characteristics of these colored-leaf cultivars have not been well understood. In this study, the photosynthetic differences between green-leaf poplar Populus deltoids Linn. "2025" (L2025) and colored-leaf cultivars 'Zhonghong poplar' (ZHP), 'Quanhong poplar' (QHP), and 'Caihong poplar' (CHP) were investigated on several levels, including chloroplast ultrastructure observation, photosynthetic physiological characteristics, and expression analysis of key genes. The results showed that the photosynthetic performance of ZHP was basically consistent with that of L2025, while the ranges of light energy absorption and efficiency of light energy utilization decreased to different degrees in CHP and QHP. A relatively low water use efficiency and high dark respiration rate were observed in QHP, suggesting a relatively weak environmental adaptability. The differences in chloroplast structure in different colored-leaf poplars were further observed by transmission electron microscopy. The disorganization of thylakoid in CHP was considered an important reason, resulting in a significant decrease in chlorophyll content compared with other poplar cultivars. Interestingly, CHP exhibited extremely high photosynthetic electron transport activity and photochemical efficiency, which were conductive to maintaining its relatively high photosynthetic performance. The actual quantum yield of PSII photochemistry of ZHP was basically the same as that of QHP, while the relatively high photosynthetic performance indexes in ZHP suggested a more optimized photosynthetic apparatus, which was crucial for the improvement of photosynthetic efficiency. The differential expressions of a series of key genes in different colored-leaf poplars provided a reasonable explanation for anthocyanin accumulation and specific photosynthetic processes.

Evaluation of oat (Avena sativa L.) populations for autumn sowing production in Southwest China

AbstractMuch of Chinese animal husbandry relies on the continuous availability of forage crops, but climactic constraints in production regions cause seasonal shortages which threaten the industry. This study compares the major characteristics of different forage oat lines and cultivars to evaluate their suitability for cultivation in the winter fallow fields of southwest China. To achieve this goal, six oat populations (2 cultivars and 4 lines) were sown in autumn in three locations in southwest China. Yield‐related traits such as dry matter yield (DMY) and plant height (PH), as well as nutritional traits such as crude protein (CP), crude ash (ASH), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), and relative feed value (RFV) were measured during two consecutive growing seasons. Our results indicate that all measured traits, with the exception of CP, were significantly influenced by environment, genotype, year and their interaction (p < .05). Forage yield (DMY) had a positive correlation with PH and RFV, but a strong negative one with nutritional values, suggesting a trade‐off between yield and quality. Among the six oat populations, ‘WC109’ consistently displayed the highest DMY, PH, and CP mean values as well as lower ASH, NDF, and ADF compared to all the other cultivars/lines. Based on these findings, ‘WC109’ was selected as the ideal candidate for autumn‐sown forage oat in southwest China.

Sensory profiling of pears from the Pacific Northwest: Consumers' perspective and descriptive analysis.

This study used data from consumer testing, descriptive analysis (DA), and preference mapping to determine the sensory characteristics of pear cultivars from two harvest seasons in the Pacific Northwest (PNW). A trained sensory panel (n=10) used generic DA to evaluate multiple sensory modalities of 22 pear cultivars. Six pears from summer and six from winter season were evaluated by consumers (n=219) to assess their liking of different attributes. Results of the DA showed the trained panel significantly discriminated the summer and winter pears on most of the sensory modalities. To identify the attributes driving consumer acceptability, external preference mapping was applied. Attributes such as pear aroma, pear flavor, sweet, sour, and juicy were the most contributory attributes to the liking of the summer pears. Conversely, fermented aroma, stemmy-woody aroma, fermented flavor, stemmy-woody flavor, and grainy-gritty attributes were associated with a reduction in consumer liking. Summer cultivars, "Bartlett," coded pear 573, and "Seckel" had the broadest preference, satisfying 60% to 80% of the consumers. Seventy-five percent of the consumers identified winter cultivars "Comice" and "Paragon" as the most appealing. Overall, cluster analysis showed that different pears appeal to different types of consumers; however, summer cultivars like "Bartlett" and "Seckel" and winter cultivars like "Comice" and "Paragon" would appeal to the greatest number of consumers in the PNW market. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Sensory attributes like pear flavor, sweet, and juicy, were important drivers of liking for pear consumers in the Pacific Northwest. These results should prove useful to pear growers and marketers to increase pear consumption in the United States.

Palatability characteristics of recent local-brand-rice cultivars

ABSTRACT This study was carried out to clarify the actual eating quality of 33 recent cultivars of local-brand-rice and the relationship between overall eating-quality, physicochemical properties, and rice market prices. Furthermore, the local-brand-rice cultivars were grouped using principal component analysis. The overall eating-quality evaluation of the 33 LBR cultivars were at the same level or superior to that of the check cultivar Hinohikari, which is a highly palatable rice cultivar. Multiple regression analysis showed that taste contributed the most to overall eating-quality, followed by stickiness and appearance, and aroma contributed the least. No significant relationship was found between protein and amylose contents and eating quality. In contrast, moisture content showed a positive correlation with eating quality, suggesting that the improvement in eating quality with increasing moisture content was due to the decrease in the H/-H ratio of cooked rice. Although a significant positive correlation was observed between eating quality and the rice market price, the multiple correlation coefficient was 0.47, indicating that eating quality evaluation was not highly reflected in the rice market price. Principal component analysis, using the values of eating quality evaluation items in the sensory test as variables, classified the palatability characteristics of each LBR cultivars into four categories. Thus, the eating quality of the recent LBR cultivars are excellent, and the taste and moisture content are play a major role in the overall eating-quality, and the degree of reflection of the eating quality evaluation on the market price was not necessarily high.

Anatomia e fisiologia foliar de cultivares de alho relacionadas à tolerância a fatores ambientais

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological and anatomical characteristics of garlic cultivar leaves that indicate tolerance or susceptibility to environmental factors. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design, with eight treatments (cultivars). The evaluated cultivars were Amarantes, BRS Hozan, Caçador, Crespo, Chinês Folha Fina, Chonan, Gigante Roxo Escuro, and Ito. The following physiological variables were evaluated: net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance to water vapor, transpiration, internal and external carbon, and water use efficiency. The anatomical characteristics were analyzed with a microscope coupled to a camera. The Chinês Folha Fina, Chonan, Gigante Roxo Escuro, and Crespo cultivars showed higher mean photosynthetic rates and thicker photosynthetic tissues than the others. The Chonan and Crespo cultivars stood out for their higher photosynthetic rates, higher stomatal indices, thicker cuticle and epidermis, and larger mesophyll intercellular spaces, which are characteristics common to plants tolerant to water deficit. The characteristics of the Chonan and Crespo garlic cultivars are related to drought tolerance, and those of BRS Hozan, Ito, and Caçador to susceptibility.

Optimização do crescimento in vitro e composição de óleos essenciais de cultivares de manjericão

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the use of the Murashige & Skook (MS) and Linsmaer & Skoog (LS) media and of filter caps on culture flasks on the morphological and physiological characteristics of basil cultivars in vitro, as well as to determine the composition of the essential oil of plants acclimatized in pots. For the evaluation of the cultivation media, cultivars Anise, Cinnamon, Grecco a Palla, and Italian Large Leaf were used. The Anise, Cinnamon, Italian Large Leaf, and Maria Bonita cultivars were used for the evaluation of the use of filter caps. The composition of the essential oils of cultivars Anise, Cinnamon, and Italian Large Leaf was also evaluated. The basil seedlings showed a higher aerial-part dry mass and a lower hyperhydricity rate when grown in the MS medium. The flasks without filter caps produced seedlings with lower contamination rates. When acclimatized in pots, cultivars Limoncino and Anise presented the tallest plants with the largest crown diameters. In the composition of essential oils, methyl cinnamate and linalool stood out in cultivar Cinnamon, methyl chavicol in Anise, and linalool in Italian Large Leaf. In the in vitro cultivation, the evaluated cultivars present a higher aerial-part production in the MS medium and a lower contamination without the use of filters, whereas, in the pots, the composition of essential oils varies according to the cultivar.