Cuban Republic Research Articles

The problem of Citharexylum spinosum (Verbenaceae) in the Antilles

Méndez, I.: The problem of Citharexylum spinosum (Verbenaceae) in the Antilles. — Willdenowia 31: 419–424. 2001. — ISSN 0511-9618.As part of the revision of the genus Citharexylum for the projects “Flora of the Cuban Republic” and “Flora of the Greater Antilles”, conspecificity of C. spinosum and plants assigned by many authors to a different species, misnamed “C. fruticosum” (an illegitimate name), is demonstrated. Infraspecific classification of C. spinosum is critically reconsidered, resulting in five new combinations, three of them at a new rank.

The Cuba Company and the Expansion of American Business in Cuba, 1898–1915

The Cuba Company was the largest single foreign investment in Cuba during the first two decades of the twentieth century and remained one of the largest corporations. This article presents a detailed history of the commercial networks forged between political officials and North American and Cuban businessmen through the development of the company. These networks proved crucial to the success of the Cuba Company and subsequently shaped the development of the new Cuban Republic.

A New Species of Lantana (Verbenaceae) from Cuba

Summary. A new species of Lantana from Cuba, L. elenievskii I. E. Mendez, is described, and a key provided to the small-leaved species from the Bahamas and the Greater Antilles. During revision of the genus Lantana L. for the Flora of the Cuban Republic project, a group of specimens was found in HAJB and HIPC, whose characters differ from all the species hitherto described. Studies of the natural populations and comparison with similar taxa from the Greater Antilles and Bahamas, described by Desfontaines (1829), Britton (1905), Urban (1912) and Moldenke (1948), lead me to propose a new species: Lantana elenievskii L E. Mendez sp. nov. ad sectionem Callioreas (Cham.) Schauer, seriem Involucratae Briq. pertinens; L. ciferrianae Ekman ex Moldenke similis sed foliis subtus fere glabris non valde pubescentibus, bracteolis spathulatis non orbicularibus facile distinguenda. Typus: Cuba, Province of Guantanamo, San Antonio del Sur, camino de Mina de Yeso a Baitiquirf, 200 - 400 m, 13 May 1980, Alvarez, Bisse, Gutierrez & Meyer 43147 (holotypus HAJB; isotypi B, JE). Erect shrubs, 1 m tall, much-branched; younger branches with sessile glands. Leaves opposite, 2 - 4 x 1 - 4 mm, elliptic to oblong or ovate, oblanceolate or almost orbicular; apex rounded, rarely obtuse; base cuneate, sometimes decurrent at petiole; upper surface conspicuously bullate-reticulate, glabrous to glabrescent, with scattered sessile glands; lower surface white-tomentose, with densely scattered sessile glands; primary, secondary and tertiary veins depressed on the upper surface, prominent beneath; margins crenate to lobulate. Small head pauciflorous (2- 4 flowers), axillary, 3- 5 mm diameter; peduncles 1.5- 5 mm long; bractoles spathulate, lax-imbricated, glandular, 2 x 1 mm, the outer ones somewhat broader (up to 2 mm); calyx 2.5 mm long, pubescent, 1 mm diameter, 4-dentate, one tooth 2 mm long, the rest 1.5 mm long; corolla hypocrateriform, mauve-pink or white, tube up to 2 - 3 mm long, limb bilabiate, anterior lip entire or emarginate, posterior lip 3-lobate; stamens 4, didynamous; ovary 2-locular, style 1 mm long; drupe globose or subglobose, 1.8 x 1.5 mm, apiculate, apiculus 0.2 mm long. (Fig. 1). HABITAT. Xeromorphic coastal and subcoastal heath, on skeletal soil or rendzinas derived from limestones, Province of Guantinamo, Cuba.

Nationalism and Civil Rights in Cuba: A Comparative Perspective, 1930-1960

For most of the twentieth century U.S. history and Cuban history have been closely interconnected. African-Americans and Afro-Cubans in particular share common bonds of struggle for civil rights and equality in their respective countries. But individuals are products of their environments and African-Americans and Cubans shaped distinct civil rights platforms in accordance with their national, political and social institutions. African-Americans and Cubans learned to respond to their political systems through a series of historical experiences that reaped success or failure over time. Cuba's Hispanic colonial heritage that recognized miscegenation and mestizaje provided a different mode of action than African Americans who lived for most of their history under a segregated U.S. system.(1) This essay will examine the Cuban struggle for social, economic, political and cultural equality from 1930-1960, while comparing those events with the civil rights struggle in the United States during the same period. Citizen's rights, to be sure, are uniquely national, if not constitutional constructions. According to Hegel, right in society is that which the law wills. Those rights, defined by the state, theoretically represent the collective views of the individuals who rule the nation.(2) Civil Rights which often refer to freedom from discrimination based on nationality, race, gender, religious liberty, as well as immunity from brutality must be scrutinized within a national framework. Members of particular nations define civil rights as the rights of citizens to pursue civil liberties within that nation. United States Civil Rights, for example, are based on a constitution dating back to 1789, and which continues to be redefined for inclusively. Part of the U.S. Civil Rights Movements was bent on redefining and reelaborating on issues that would include African-Americans in the citizen's phrase We the people.(3) Owing to the historically weak Constitution in Cuban history and its political and economic underdevelopment, what Cubans have come to expect as their rights as citizens have tended to take on a nationalist focus. Moreover, while nationalism in the African-American community often meant black nationalism and implied racial solidarity, self sufficiency, black capitalism, and often separatism, among Afro-Cubans, nationalism was a patriotic call to bring all Cubans of all races together in pursuit of sovereignty, often against foreign threats. To this end, Cubans passed several nationalist laws which would shape Afro-Cubans' civil rights drive. In 1910, the Cuban Senate passed the Morua Amendment to an Electoral Reform Law which prohibited the organization of political parties based on one race only. The subsequent race war that followed in 1912 was an aberration in post-abolition history.(4) Cubans found a variety of non-political ways to pursue economic and social rights and to attain social mobility. In 1918, Jose Armando Pla explicated options available to Afro-Cubans. First, there was the individualist approach in which educated Afro-Cubans could attain high levels of achievement despite the obstacles of society; second, the collective approach called for Afro-Cubans to join together to affect the political process; third, politically influential men, such as Martin Moria Delgado argued that blacks should associate themselves with established political parties, promoting their interests within the party system.(5) Two decades after the race wars and the passage of the Morua Law, the collective option was limited to cultural and non-political activities which would not challenge the state. Moreover these options must be understood in terms of the new generation of Afro-Cubans. The Cuban Republic had just come of age. Created in 1902, by the 1930's, a new generation born after independence became increasingly interested in national sovereignty and advancement. Patriotism and nationalism ignited the passions of Cubans of all backgrounds, motivating them to seek solutions to pressing problems. …

Time scale lock-in using signals transmitted by Cuban television

In 1979 scientists of the USSR and the Cuban Republic devised a method of transmitting time signals through Cuban TV channels [i] whose distinctive feature is transmission of widthmodulated time pulses in the lOth line of the NTSC TV system. Experimental tests of the method proved that time signals with a repetition period of 1 msec once every second coincide with the 10th line interval allowed for transmission. The 10th line does not each time coincide with one and the same time signal as in the SECAM system but with each subsequent time pulse having a 1 msec repetition period. This means that i00 Hz signals are transmitted once every i0 sec and signals with a repetition frequency 1 Hz, once every i000 sec.

From Apóstol to Revolutionary: The Changing Image of José Martí

The influence of Jose Marti in the life of the Cuban Republic has been truly immense (as can be seen from the quantities of buildings, coins and postage stamps bearing Martťs name). It is therefore no exaggeration to claim that alguna medida Cuba es un pais en torno a un hombre. ' ' 1 It should be emphasised, however, that this deeply-emotional conception of Marti among the Cubans really began to manifest itself only some thirty years after his death in 1895. The total number of studies written on Marti between 1899 and 1933 corresponds to something less than one-tenth of the material written in the period from 1934 to 1953. 2 Marti may be said to have definitely ' 'arrived' ' as a national figure during this latter period, a process which culminated in the centennial of his birth in 1953.

Scholarship and the State: Notes on A History of the Cuban Republic

IE CUBAN REVOLUTON placed deficiencies of American scholarship on Cuba in sharp relief. Fifty years of close diplomatic and economic relations rarely generated anything more than casual attention to the Cuban past, producing, for the most part, a rather meager and inauspicious corpus of scholarship. Rarely have modern historiographic antecedents been so ill prepared to receive an event of such transcendental magnitude as the Cuban Revolution. Older studies, previously out of print, reappeared to provide twentieth-century perspectives to the Revolution. One of the more important studies to enjoy a second printing was Charles E. Chapman's A History of the Cuban Republic, first published in 19271 and reissued in 1969.2 For a generation of Latin Americanists, A History of the Cuban Republic served as the standard reference work on twentieth century Cuba; for more than thirty years, Chapman's study provided the point of orientation for all subsequent inquiries into the history of the Republic. The reappearance of A History of the Cuban Republic in 1969 met the renewed interest and wider market demands generated by the Cuban Revolution. The original publication in 1927, however, was in response to and the result of American policy needs in Cuba. Inspiration for a history of Cuba originated with Ambassador Enoch H. Crowder. Originally appointed as Special Representative of the President in Cuba, General Crowder arrived in Havana in 1921 with instructions to overhaul Cuban national administration. During the

Scholarship and the State: Notes on A History of the Cuban Republic

Scholarship and the State: Notes on A History of the Cuban Republic

The Cuban Revolution and Latin America and The Growth and Decline of the Cuban Republic

The Cuban Revolution and Latin America and The Growth and Decline of the Cuban Republic

The Second Inter-American Congress of Radiology

At the combined meeting of the Radiological Society of North America and the American Roentgen Ray Society held in the fall of 1944, Dr. W. Edward Chamberlain, Dr. Pedro L. Farinas, and the writer were named as a committee to represent the Radiological Society of North America in cooperating with the Cuban Society of Radiology in arranging for the Second Inter-American Congress of Radiology. Committees were also named by the American Roentgen Ray Society and American College of Radiology. Because of the overlapping personnel of these committees, they were joined into one general committee for the United States, with the writer as Chairman and Mr. Mac F. Cahal as Secretary. The First Inter-American Congress of Radiology held in Buenos Aires in 1943, under the Presidency of Dr. José F. Merlo Gómez, had chosen Havana as the site of the Second Inter-American Congress of Radiology, and this automatically made the Cuban Society of Radiology the Committee of Arrangements. The Cuban society, under the Presidency of Dr. Pedro L. Fariñas, included Dr. R. Hernández Begueríe as Secretary-General, Dr. Ernesto Fonts as Treasurer, and Dr. Armando Cabrera and Dr. C. Rodríguez Remus as vocales. The Society elected Dr. Pedro L. Fariñas as President of the Second Inter-American Congress. Honorary Presidents included the Honorable President of the Republic of Cuba, Dr. Grau San Martin; the Minister of Health and Social Assistance; the Rector of the National University; the Dean of the School of Medicine, and the President of the First Inter-American Congress of Radiology, Dr. José F. Merlo Gómez. Honorary members included the presidents of the societies of radiology of the American continents, the presidents of the medical societies of Cuba, and the Professor of Radiology and Physiotherapy at the National University of Havana, Dr. Manuel Viamonte. The opening meeting was a picturesque and festive affair, which will be long remembered by all who were present. The Congress was inaugurated by the President of the Cuban Republic, Dr. Grau, in the presence of the diplomatic corps and the delegates to the Congress. Dr. J. F. Merlo Gómez, President of the First Inter-American Congress of Radiology, inducted the new President, Dr. Pedro L. Fariñas, of Havana. Both of these physicians spoke at some length on the international character of the science of radiology and the great satisfaction felt by all at the numerous representations from all of the American countries. More than 650 delegates and members of their families were registered at the meeting. Some of the official delegates of the various countries were introduced, and the writer was then called upon for an address on “Radiology in America.”

The Cuban Elections of 1936

May 20,1936, was a date of importance in Cuban history. Not only was it the thirty-fourth anniversary of the birth of the Cuban Republic; it marked the first time in seven years (as many Cubans maintain) that a completely constitutional government had control of the island's political destinies. On May 20 of this year occurred the inauguration of Miguel Mariano Gómez y Arias, sixth “regularly elected” president of Cuba, son of the Republic's second president, and the man who, at least nominally, will be at the helm of the Cuban ship of state in the immediate future.

A History of the Cuban Republic: a Study in Hispanic-American Politics

A History of the Cuban Republic: a Study in Hispanic-American Politics

A History of the Cuban Republic: A Study in Hispanic-American Politics.

A History of the Cuban Republic: A Study in Hispanic-American Politics.

A History of the Cuban Republic: A Study in Hispanic American Politics.

Journal Article A History of the Cuban Republic: a Study in Hispanic American Politics Get access A History of the Cuban Republic: a Study in Hispanic American Politics. By Charles E. Chapman, Ph.D. 1927. (New York: MacMillan Co. 8vo. xii + 685 pp. 21s.) George Mitchell George Mitchell Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of the Royal Institute of International Affairs, Volume 7, Issue 2, March 1928, Page 138, https://doi.org/10.2307/3015569 Published: 01 March 1928

A History of the Cuban Republic: A Study in Hispanic-American Politics

A History of the Cuban Republic: A Study in Hispanic-American Politics

A History of the Cuban Republic: A Study in Hispanic American Politics

A History of the Cuban Republic: A Study in Hispanic American Politics