Cu-catalyzed Three-component Reaction Research Articles

Domino assembly of dithiocarbamates via Cu-catalyzed denitrogenative thiolation of iodotriazole-based diazo precursors.

An efficient domino approach to assemble benzoxazoles and anthranilamides bearing dithiocarbamate moieties has been developed. The proposed route represents a Cu-catalyzed three-component reaction between readily available 5-iodo-1,2,3-triazoles, amines, and CS2. The cascade transformation is based on a denitrogenative coupling of in situ formed dithiocarbamic acids with diazo intermediates, generated via annulation-triggered triazole ring-opening. This method is applicable to nucleophilic secondary amines and features good functional group compatibility.

Copper-Catalyzed One-Pot Synthesis of N-Sulfonyl Amidines from Sulfonyl Hydrazine, Terminal Alkynes and Sulfonyl Azides.

N-Sulfonyl amidines are developed from a Cu-catalyzed three-component reaction from sulfonyl hydrazines, terminal alkynes and sulfonyl azides in toluene at room temperature. Particularly, the intermediate N-sulfonylketenimines was generated via a CuAAC/ring-opening procedure and took a nucleophilic addition with the weak nucleophile sulfonyl hydrazines. In addition, the stability of the product was tested by a HNMR spectrometer.

Three-component coupling reaction for the synthesis of fully substituted triazoles: reactivity control of Cu-acetylide toward alkyl azides and diazo compounds

Herein, we report a Cu-catalyzed three-component coupling reaction of alkynes, azides, and diazo compounds for the synthesis of fully substituted triazoles.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel N-sulfonylamidine-based derivatives as c-Met inhibitors via Cu-catalyzed three-component reaction

In our continuing efforts to develop novel c-Met inhibitors as potential anticancer candidates, a series of new N-sulfonylamidine derivatives were designed, synthesized via Cu-catalyzed multicomponent reaction (MCR) as the key step, and evaluated for their in vitro biological activities against c-Met kinase and four cancer cell lines (A549, HT-29, MKN-45 and MDA-MB-231). Most of the target compounds showed moderate to significant potency at both the enzyme-based and cell-based assay and possessed selectivity for A549 and HT-29 cancer cell lines. The preliminary SAR studies demonstrated that compound 26af (c-Met IC50 = 2.89 nM) was the most promising compound compared with the positive foretinib, which exhibited the remarkable antiproliferative activities, with IC50 values ranging from 0.28 to 0.72 μM. Mechanistic studies of 26af showed the anticancer activity was closely related to the blocking phosphorylation of c-Met, leading to cell cycle arresting at G2/M phase and apoptosis of A549 cells by a concentration-dependent manner. The promising compound 26af was further identified as a relatively selective inhibitor of c-Met kinase, which also possessed an acceptable safety profile and favorable pharmacokinetic properties in BALB/c mouse. The favorable drug-likeness of 26af suggested that N-sulfonylamidines may be used as a promising scaffold for antitumor drug development. Additionally, the docking study and molecular dynamics simulations of 26af revealed a common mode of interaction with the binding site of c-Met. These positive results indicated that compound 26af is a potential anti-cancer candidate for clinical trials, and deserves further development as a selective c-Met inhibitor.

Highly convergent modular access to poly-carbon substituted cyclopropanes via Cu(i)-catalyzed three-component cyclopropene carboallylation

The first conjunctive C–C cross-coupling of cyclopropenes is realized by a Cu-catalyzed three-component reaction with an organoboron reagent and allylic electrophiles, featuring a modular, stereoselective assembly of poly-carbon substituted cyclopropanes.

Copper-catalyzed three-component reaction for the synthesis of fluoroalkoxyl imidates

A Cu-catalyzed three-component reaction of aromatic terminal alkynes with aryl sulfonyl azides and primary fluoroalkyl alcohols for the synthesis of fluoroalkoxyl imidates was developed. This simple method enabled the efficient synthesis of trifluoroethoxyl, pentafluoropropoxyl, and heptafluorobutoxyl imidates in good to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions with excellent functional group tolerance.

Direct selenation of imidazoheterocycles and indoles with selenium powder in a copper-catalyzed three-component one-pot system

An efficient and convenient Cu-catalyzed three-component reaction is described for the selenation of imidazoheterocycles/indoles with Se powder and aryl iodides. This procedure provides diverse 3-arylselenylimidazoheterocycles and 3-arylselenylindoles with good yields and functional group tolerance. Some of the products exhibited better or comparable antiproliferative activities compared with the positive control 5-fluorouracil against H1975, PC-9, HGC-27, EC-109, and MCF-7 cancer cell lines.

In Situ Generation of Quinolinium Ylides from Diazo Compounds: Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of Indolizine.

The Cu-catalyzed three-component reaction between quinolines, diazo compounds, and alkenes has been established for direct construction of indolizine derivatives via quinolinium ylides. This methodology is distinguished by the use of a commercially inexpensive catalyst and readily available starting materials, wide substrate scope, and operational simplicity.

One-Pot Three-Component Synthesis of Enamine-Functionalized 1,2,3-Triazoles via Cu-Catalytic Azide-Alkyne Click (CuAAC) and Cu-Catalyzed Vinyl Nitrene Transfer Sequence.

A number of enamine-functionalized 1,2,3-triazole derivatives have been prepared via the Cu-catalyzed three-component reaction of terminal alkyne, azide, and 2H-azirine. The reaction proceeds through insertion of vinyl nitrene into the C-Cu bond of the triazolyl-Cu species, providing an efficient and step- and atom-economic approach to the enamine-bearing polysubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles. The resulting triazoles were easily transformed to trisubstituted pyrazoles in the presence of a Rh catalyst.

ChemInform Abstract: Construction of All‐Carbon Quaternary Centers Through Cu‐Catalyzed Sequential Carbene Migratory Insertion and Nucleophilic Substitution/Michael Addition.

A Cu-catalyzed three-component cross-coupling reaction of terminal alkyne, α-diazo ester, and alkyl halide has been developed. This transformation involves sequent migratory insertion of copper-carbene and nucleophilic substitution, in which a C(sp)–C(sp3) bond and a C(sp3)–C(sp3) bond are formed successively on a carbenic center. Michael addition acceptors can also be employed instead of alkyl halides that enable Michael addition to be an alternative way to build C(sp3)–C(sp3) bond. This transformation represents a highly efficient method for the construction of all-carbon quaternary centers.

ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of N‐Imidoyl and N‐Oxoimidoyl Sulfoximines from 1‐Alkynes, N‐Sulfonyl Azides, and Sulfoximines.

AbstractThe three‐component one‐pot syntheses are Cu‐catalyzed and proceed under air.

Construction of All-Carbon Quaternary Centers through Cu-Catalyzed Sequential Carbene Migratory Insertion and Nucleophilic Substitution/Michael Addition.

A Cu-catalyzed three-component cross-coupling reaction of terminal alkyne, α-diazo ester, and alkyl halide has been developed. This transformation involves sequent migratory insertion of copper-carbene and nucleophilic substitution, in which a C(sp)-C(sp(3)) bond and a C(sp(3))-C(sp(3)) bond are formed successively on a carbenic center. Michael addition acceptors can also be employed instead of alkyl halides that enable Michael addition to be an alternative way to build C(sp(3))-C(sp(3)) bond. This transformation represents a highly efficient method for the construction of all-carbon quaternary centers.

Synthesis of N-Imidoyl and N-Oxoimidoyl Sulfoximines from 1-Alkynes, N-Sulfonyl Azides, and Sulfoximines.

N-Imidoylation of sulfoximines is developed from a Cu-catalyzed three-component reaction from 1-alkynes, N-sulfonyl azides, and sulfoximines in THF at room temperature under air. In addition, N-oxoimidoylation of sulfoximines is accessed from a Cu-catalyzed three-component reaction from 1-alkynes, N-sulfonyl azides, and sulfoximines in THF at room temperature followed by a Cu-catalyzed oxidative reaction at 50 °C under air, producing N-oxoimidoyl sulfoximines.

Design and synthesis of novel PEG-conjugated 20(S)-camptothecin sulfonylamidine derivatives with potent in vitro antitumor activity via Cu-catalyzed three-component reaction.

In our continuing search for camptothecin (CPT)-derived antitumor drugs, novel structurally diverse PEG-based 20(S)-CPT sulfonylamidine derivatives were designed, synthesized via a Cu-multicomponent reaction (MCR), and evaluated for cytotoxicity against four human tumor cell lines (A-549, MDA-MB-231, KB, and KBvin). All of the derivatives showed promising in vitro cytotoxic activity against the tested tumor cell lines, and were more potent than irinotecan. Significantly, these derivatives exhibited comparable cytotoxicity against KBvin, while irinotecan was less active against this cell line. With a concise efficient synthesis and potent cytotoxic profiles, especially significant activity towards KBvin, these compounds merit further development as a new generation of CPT-derived PEG-conjugated drug candidates.

Design and synthesis of novel PEG-conjugated 20(S)-camptothecin sulfonylamidine derivatives with potent in vitro antitumor activity via Cu-catalyzed three-component reaction

Design and synthesis of novel PEG-conjugated 20(S)-camptothecin sulfonylamidine derivatives with potent in vitro antitumor activity via Cu-catalyzed three-component reaction

Design, synthesis, mechanisms of action, and toxicity of novel 20(s)-sulfonylamidine derivatives of camptothecin as potent antitumor agents.

Twelve novel 20-sulfonylamidine derivatives (9a–9l) of camptothecin (1) were synthesized via a Cu-catalyzed three-component reaction. They showed similar or superior cytotoxicity compared with that of irinotecan (3) against A-549, DU-145, KB, and multidrug-resistant (MDR) KBvin tumor cell lines. Compound 9a demonstrated better cytotoxicity against MDR cells compared with that of 1 and 3. Mechanistically, 9a induced significant DNA damage by selectively inhibiting Topoisomerase (Topo) I and activating the ATM/Chk related DNA damage-response pathway. In xenograft models, 9a demonstrated significant activity without overt adverse effects at 5 and 10 mg/kg, comparable to 3 at 100 mg/kg. Notably, 9a at 300 mg/kg (i.p.) showed no overt toxicity in contrast to 1 (LD50 56.2 mg/kg, i.p.) and 3 (LD50 177.5 mg/kg, i.p.). Intact 9a inhibited Topo I activity in a cell-free assay in a manner similar to that of 1, confirming that 9a is a new class of Topo I inhibitor. 20-Sulfonylamidine 1-derivative 9a merits development as an anticancer clinical trial candidate.

Copper-Catalyzed Reaction of Ketenimine and in Situ Generated Immonium Ion: Access to α,β-Unsaturated Amidines

A Cu-catalyzed three-component reaction of alkyne, azides (sulfonyl or phosphoryl azides), and N,N-dialkyloxyformamide dialkyl acetal via electrophilic addition of immonium ion to copper ketenimine is reported. This new protocol for the preparation of α,β-unsaturated amidine derivatives appears to offer high yield, mild conditions, and wide substrate scope. The reaction might involve the processes of copper ketenimine intermediate formation, electrophilic addition, and isomerization.

Efficient Synthesis of Pyrrolo[2,1‐a]isoquinoline and Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinoline Derivatives via One‐pot Two‐step Metal‐catalyzed Three‐component Reactions

AbstractA sequential one‐pot two‐step reaction for efficient synthesis of pyrrolo[2,1‐a]isoquinoline and pyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinoline derivatives in good yields has been successfully developed. The reaction included firstly Cu‐catalyzed three‐component reaction of isoquinoline (quinoline), acetylenedicarboxylate and alkynylbenzene and then Pd‐catalyzed intramolecular C(sp)‐C(sp2) coupling reaction of initially formed 1‐alkenyl‐2‐alkynyl‐1,2‐dihydroisoquinoline (1,2‐dihydroquinoline).

Synthetic Utility of Ammonium Salts in a Cu-Catalyzed Three-Component Reaction as a Facile Coupling Partner

Ammonium salts were found to be a convenient and inexpensive reagent in the Cu-catalyzed three-component reaction with terminal alkynes and sulfonyl or phosphoryl azides leading to N-unprotected amidines. Thus obtained amidines bearing 2-bromobenzenesulfonyl moiety were efficiently cyclized by the Cu-catalyzed intramolecular N-arylation to give an important pharmacophore skeleton of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxides. Conveniently, two tandem catalytic procedures could be readily operated in one pot.

Highly efficient synthesis of α-amino amidines from ynamides by the Cu-catalyzed three-component coupling reactions

Using ynamides as one of the reacting components, the Cu-catalyzed three-component reaction of sulfonyl or phosphoryl azides and amines affords α-amino amidines in high yields under mild conditions. Synthetic utility of the produced compounds was demonstrated in the diastereoselective alkylation of α-amino amidines bearing a chiral oxazolidinone moiety. It was also shown that α-amino imidates could be readily prepared by employing alcohols instead of amines.