cTnI Values Research Articles

Implantation and repair of 3D printed myocardial patch in rabbit model of myocardial infarction

In this study, BMSCs were induced to differentiate into cardiomyocytes by 5-azacytidine, and combined with sodium alginate and gelatin to construct myocardial patch in vitro by 3D bio-printing, then it was attached to the myocardial infarction site of rabbit myocardial infarction model. Cytokines such as brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in peripheral blood were detected by ELISA after operation. The results showed that the absolute value of cTnI in each group was more than 0.04 ng/ml after surgery, and there was no significant difference in the data at four time points in each group. As time went by, cTn-I did not decrease. BNP in both the control group and the experimental group was significantly higher than the blank group. However, BNP in the experimental group fell after the 2 nd week, but it was still higher than that in the blank group. Histological examination showed that there was no cardiomyocyte formation around the patch, only fibrous tissue and many small blood vessels and microvessels were found. And the patch could decrease the collagen fibers to some extent. These results suggested that the myocardial patch did not repair the injured myocardial cells by forming new myocardial cells in the myocardial infarction site of animals, but it could promote the local vascular proliferation, improve the blood supply to the myocardial infarction site, decrease the collagen fibers and thus improve the cardiac function.

TRANSTHORACIC ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION AND SERUM CARDIAC TROPONIN VALUES IN ANESTHETIZED HEALTHY FEMALE SOUTHERN SEA OTTERS (ENHYDRA LUTRIS NEREIS).

Information about antemortem cardiac evaluation in sea otters (Enhydra lutris) is limited, despite well-established clinical care and rehabilitation procedures and a reported elevated risk of cardiac disease for this species. Serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentration and echocardiographic assessment are two ways of screening for and diagnosing cardiac disease. However, no baseline data or reference intervals for either evaluation are published for sea otters. The objectives of this prospective study were to establish serum cTnI concentrations and echocardiographic technique and quantitative measurements in anesthetized healthy female southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) (n=15). Serum cTnI values were assessed by a high-sensitivity assay. Serum cTnI concentration ranged from <0.006 to 0.038 ng/ml. A complete echocardiogram, including two-dimensional and M-mode modalities, was performed. Echocardiographic measurements for left atrial size, aorta size, left ventricular structure, and left ventricular function were reported. The median left atrial size to aorta ratio was 1.22 (range 0.80-1.59) in short-axis and 1.70 (range 1.39-2.15) in long-axis. The median left ventricular internal dimension was 3.53 cm (range 2.87-4.92 cm) when assessed in two dimensions and 3.58 cm (range 2.80-4.48 cm) by M-mode. Serum concentrations of cTnI and transthoracic echocardiography may represent valuable tools for the antemortem diagnosis of cardiac disease in sea otters.

The Diagnostic Value of Plasma miRNA-497, cTnI, FABP3 and GPBB in Pediatric Sepsis Complicated with Myocardial Injury.

ObjectiveTo investigate the diagnostic value of plasma miRNA-497, cardiac troponin I (cTnI), fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3), glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB (GPBB) in pediatric sepsis complicated with myocardial injury.MethodsFrom August 2018 to February 2020, 82 children with sepsis admitted to our hospital and 50 health children who came for physical examination (defined as control group) were enrolled in this study. Children with sepsis and myocardial injury were enrolled in the combined group (n=35), and those without myocardial injury were enrolled in the sepsis group (n=47). General data of three groups were collected, and the levels of miRNA-497, FABP3, GPBB, creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB), procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), cTnI and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were detected and the cardiac function was measured. The diagnostic value of plasma miRNA-497, cTnI, FABP3 and GPBB in pediatric sepsis complicated with myocardial injury was analyzed.ResultsThe infection site of the combined group was not significantly different from that of the sepsis group. The levels of miRNA-497, FABP3, GPBB, CK-MB, PCT, CRP, cTnI, NT-proBNP in the combined group were all higher than those in the sepsis group and the control group (P<0.05), and the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in the combined group was significantly lower than that in the other two group (P<0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of the combination of miRNA-497, FABP3, GPBB, and cTnI in the diagnosis of sepsis complicated with myocardial injury was significantly higher than that of CK-MB, PCT, CRP, NT-proBNP alone (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference when compared with miRNA-497, FABP3, GPBB and cTnI alone (P>0.05). When the optimal thresholds of miRNA-497, FABP3, GPBB, and cTnI were set to 2.03, 6.23ng/mL, 4.01ng/mL, 1.23ng/mL, respectively, the sensitivity was 95.65%, 88.89%, 82.61%, 87.50%, respectively; the specificity was 83.33%, 94.12%, 83.33%, 90.91%, respectively; and the accuracy was 91.43%, 91.43%, 82.86%, 88.57%, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis indicating that miRNA-497 was positively correlated with the levels of FABP3, GPBB, and cTnI in the combined group (r=0.821, 0.621, 0.782, P<0.05).ConclusionPlasma miRNA-497, cTnI, FABP3, and GPBB levels were increased in pediatric sepsis complicated with myocardial injury, and their combination had high diagnostic value, which was of great clinical significance for early diagnosis and early treatment of pediatric sepsis complicated with myocardial injury.

Application of Fluorescent Nanoparticles in Immunodetection and Emergency Treatment of Myocardial Infarction Disease

This study was to explore the feasibility of immunofluorescence based on fluorescent nanoparticles (FNP) in the detection of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) marker Cardiac troponin I (cTnI), and analyze the clinical value of optimized rescue measures in the emergency treatment of AMI. FNPs were prepared with the soap-free emulsion polymerization with potassium peroxodisulfate (KPS), styrene (St), and acrylic acid (AA) as raw materials and Nile red (NR) as fluorescent dye. FNPs were then applied to lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA). The size and Zeta potential of the FNP were measured with transmission electron microscope (TEM) and laser granulometer (LGM), respectively. The fluorescence intensity and ultraviolet (UV)-visible absorption spectrum (AP) of the FNP were detected with the fluorescence spectrophotometer (FSM) and ultraviolet spectrophotome-ter (USM), respectively. The changes in functional groups in the test sample were determined with a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). The sensitivity (Sen) and precision (Pre) of cTnI content detection were analyzed comprehensively. 76 AMI patients were recruited as the research objects and rolled into a control group (conventional treatment, group C) and an observation group (optimized rescue measures, group O)) with 38 cases in each group. The cTnI levels of the two groups of patients were detected before and after the treatment. In addition, the cure rates, death rates, and complications of the two groups were counted statistically. It was found that when the KPS and AA were 0.1 g and 0.4 g, the particle size was about 300 nm, the maximum wavelength of the UV-visible AP of FNP was 552 nm, and the maximum fluorescence emission wavelength was 606 nm. After the FNPs were dyed, –CH characteristic peaks were found at 1,060 cm−1 and 2,926 cm−1 in nitrogen heterocycles and aromatic heterocycles, which were similar to NR. The upper limit of cTnI concentration was 80 ng/mL, and the coefficient of variation (CV) was 1.32%–1.86%. The cTnI value of patients in group O after treatment was obviously lower than that in group C (P &lt; 0.05). The incidence of complications and death rate in the group O were considerably different from those in group C (P &lt; 0.01). To sum up, FNP was adopted in the detection of AMI marker cTnI, and the LFIA based on FNP showed high detection Sen and Pre, which can be promoted in clinical detection. In short, the optimized rescue measures improved the survival rate of AMI patients effectively.

Prevalence and prognostic value of cardiac troponin in elderly patients hospitalized for COVID-19.

BACKGROUNDIncreases in cardiac troponin (cTn) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been associated with worse prognosis. Nonetheless, data about the significance of cTn in elderly subjects with COVID-19 are lacking.METHODSFrom a registry of consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to a hub hospital in Italy from 25/02/2020 to 03/07/2020, we selected those ≥ 60 year-old and with cTnI measured within three days from the molecular diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. When available, a second cTnI value within 48 h was also extracted. The relationship between increased cTnI and all-cause in-hospital mortality was evaluated by a Cox regression model and restricted cubic spline functions with three knots.RESULTSOf 343 included patients (median age: 75.0 (68.0−83.0) years, 34.7% men), 88 (25.7%) had cTnI above the upper-reference limit (0.046 µg/L). Patients with increased cTnI had more comorbidities, greater impaired respiratory exchange and higher inflammatory markers on admission than those with normal cTnI. Furthermore, they died more (73.9%vs. 37.3%, P < 0.001) over 15 (6−25) days of hospitalization. The association of elevated cTnI with mortality was confirmed by the adjusted Cox regression model (HR = 1.61, 95%CI: 1.06−2.52, P = 0.039) and was linear until 0.3 µg/L, with a subsequent plateau. Of 191 (55.7%) patients with a second cTnI measurement, 49 (25.7%) had an increasing trend, which was not associated with mortality (univariate HR = 1.39, 95%CI: 0.87−2.22, P = 0.265). CONCLUSIONSIn elderly COVID-19 patients, an initial increase in cTn is common and predicts a higher risk of death. Serial cTn testing may not confer additional prognostic information.

Prognostic Value of Troponin I in COVID-19 Patients

Introduction: Corona Virus Disease (COVID -19) patients present mainly with respiratory manifestations and viral pneumonia. The cardiovascular system presentation includes early signs of acute myocardial injury. Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is a gold-standard biomarker for necrosis and myocardial risk assessment. Aim of the work: This study aimed to assess the prognostic value of cTnI in COVID-19 patients. Methodology: We report a prospective study that included 92 COVID-19 patients admitted to the El Helal Hospital, Sohag, Egypt. Upon admission, routine investigations including cTnI, chest Computed Tomography (CT), and Electrocardiogram (ECG) were carried out. The patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) also had echocardiography. Results: More than half of the patients (55.4%) were admitted to ICU; cTnI level was elevated in 30 patients (58.8%), of whom 17 died (56.7%). There were statistically significant differences regarding the relation between cTnI level, D-dimer and the need for ICU admission and death (p=0.001). Conclusion: We conclude that cardiac troponin I levels are a prognostic factor for ICU admission and mortality in COVID-19 patients.

LDL-C and Total Stent Length are Independent Predictors of Periprocedural Myocardial Injury and Infarction for Unstable Angina Patients Undergoing Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

BackgroundTo investigate the predictive value of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total stent length and number of implanted stents in patients with unstable angina (UA) regarding myocardial injury and infarction during perioperative period.MethodsThree hundred and fifteen consecutive UA patients between January 2015 and June 2018 were retrospectively recruited from two cardiac centers of Hebei Province, China. These patients had normal preprocedural cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and underwent uneventful revascularizations. The predictive value of baseline LDL-C level and total stent length was investigated by linking to post procedural cTnI value in this cohort. Meanwhile, other related clinical and procedural variables were analyzed.ResultsBaseline LDL-C level or LDL-C grade was correlated with post percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) cTnI levels (r = 0.120, P = 0.01; r = 0.157, P = 0.004). LDL-C grade was an independent risk factor of perioperative myocardial injury and infarction (P < 0.05) after multivariable adjustment. The risk increased with the elevation of baseline LDL-C level. Compared to the lowest level group (<70 mg/dl), the group with 70–99 mg/dl carried three times higher risk (OR = 3.318; 95% CI: 1.167–9.436; P < 0.05). And, patients with LDL-C level ≥100 mg/dl had the worst prognosis (OR = 4.783; 95% CI: 1.736–13.180; P = 0.002). Besides, the study also found that the total length of stent was predictive of perioperative myocardial injury and infarction independently (OR = 1.037; 95% CI: 1.017–1.058; P = 0.001).ConclusionBaseline LDL-C level and total stent length were independent predictors of periprocedural myocardial injury and infarction in UA patients undergoing elective PCI.

Diagnostic Application of Postmortem Cardiac Troponin I Pericardial Fluid/Serum Ratio in Sudden Cardiac Death

In approximately 5% of unexpected deaths, establishing a conclusive diagnosis exclusively on the basis of anatomo-pathological findings in a classic autopsy is difficult. Postmortem biomarkers have been actively investigated as complementary indicators to help to reach valid conclusions about the circumstances of death. Several studies propose either the pericardial fluid or peripheral veins as a location for troponin determination, but the optimum sampling site is still a matter of debate. Our objective was to evaluate the association between the ratio of troponin values in the pericardial fluid and serum (determined postmortem) and the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the context of sudden cardiac death. We included 175 forensic cases. Two groups were established: AMI deaths (48; 27.4%) and the control group (127; 72.6%). The cardiac Troponin I (cTnI) values in the pericardial fluid and the troponin ratio were found to be associated with the cause of death. Univariate regression analyses showed that both age and the cTnI ratio were significantly associated with the diagnosis of AMI death. In a multivariate analysis, adjusting for confounding factors, the age and cTnI ratio were independent predictors of death from myocardial infarction. We performed a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the cTnI ratio for AMI death and selected a cut-off point. Our biomarker was found to be a valuable and highly effective tool for use in the forensic field as a complementary method to facilitate diagnosis in nonconclusive autopsies.

P0340 / #970: TROPONIN THRESHOLD FOR PREDICTING ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY AND MORTALITY IN INFANTS UNDERGOING CARDIAC SURGERY

Aims & Objectives: Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs in up to 50% of children after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and is independently associated with adverse outcomes including longer lengths of stay (LOS), prolonged mechanical ventilation and higher mortality. Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) a specific marker of myocardial damage has been found to be accurate predictor of complications and adverse clinical events after pediatric cardiac surgery. The purpose of this study was to determine a threshold value of cTnI measured immediately after pediatric open-heart surgery to predict AKI and mortality. Methods: Retrospective observational study in which data from 439 consecutive children undergoing cardiac surgery and entering to the intensive care unit (ICU) during a 10-month period were studied. Clinical, surgical y laboratory variables were evaluated. We used ROC curve to determine our postoperative cTnI threshold level and binary logistic regression to predict development of AKI and mortality. Results: 439 electronic medical records were reviewed, of which 130 met selection criteria, 54% men, mean age of 4.45 ± 4.19 years. A cTnI level of 25 ng/ml showed 94% sensibility to predict AKI. cTnI and RACHS-1 categories 3 and 4 were a strong independent predictor of AKI (p 0.001) and mortality (p 0.004). A value greater than our threshold had statistical significance for LOS 14.8±18.87 (p 0.009). Conclusions: In our study a postoperative cTnI level greater than 25ng/ml was a strong and independent biomarker predictor of AKI and mortality. Identifying these patients may allow anticipation of postoperative course and implementation of treatment strategies.

Detection of myocardial injury in perinatal asphyxia by echocardiography and cardiac biomarkers

Perinatal hypoxia can induces cardiac (Cd) injury in the newborn and requires an early diagnosis. Cd troponin I (cTnI) is correlated to hypoxic myocardial lesion-may be a useful marker of it Objectives: to evaluate the utility of echocardiography(echo) and research of cTnI values for diagnosis of myocardial injury. Patients: 98 newborns (0–14 days), with perinatal hypoxia, without major Cd anomalies, to wich were performed: clinical exam, ECG, Rx.CT, echo, research of cTnT values. The patients had mainly signs of neurological post hypoxic suffering without signs of Cd distress. The Cd exam: tachycardia, systolic murmur (64 pts); RxCT: cardiomegaly (35); ECG: LV repolarization disturbances (37);. Echo at 2–7 days of life: the absence of severe Cd malformations; myocardial LV hypertrophy (42 pts); normal LV systolic function(all); LV diastolic dysfunction (45 pts).The importance of Cd involvement were correlated with signs of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. The pts received spironolactone 1 mg/kg/day for 1 month, then 1 mg/Kg at 2 days (the alternating pattern) for 2–3 months. Evolution: absence of new myocardial suffering signs, is maintains systolic murmur (2/3 pts); reevaluation of echo at 6 months: the reduction of the myocardial hypertrophy, normal LV diastolic function; elevated cTnT values (> 0.12 μg/l): 56% pts with perinatal hypoxic suffering. The perinatal hypoxia can induce the apparition of post hypoxic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCMP)(69% pts), LV diastolic function disturbancies and normal systolic LV function, even if the signs of Cd suffering missing often; echo is the main method for diagnosis and follow up of perinatal hypoxic HCMP and is necessary from the first week of life; increased values of cTnT(> 0.12 μg/l) in perinatal asphyxia prove hypoxi c myocardial damage; traitement with spironolactone for 2–3 months induced improving of HCMP and normalising of LV diastolic disfunction and cTnI values.

Kardiyak Troponinlerin Belirlenmesine Yönelik Yöntemlerin Tanısal Önemi ve Analitik Özellikleri: Geleneksel Derleme

The laboratory methods for the determination of cardiac troponins (cTnI, cTnT) used nowadays are extremely diverse, which has a significant impact on our understanding of the biology and diagnostic value of cTnI and cTnT as biomarkers. The main classification of methods for the determination of cTnI and cTnT is based on the sensitivity of the immunoassay. Low- and moderately sensitive detection methods are known to be relatively low sensitive, which leads to a relatively late confirmation of cardiomyocyte death. Due to new highly sensitive methods used for the determination of cTnI and cTnT, designated as highly or ultrasensitive immunoassays (hs-TnT and hsTnT), we received new, revised data about the biology of cardiac troponin molecules. In particular, it became clear that they can be considered products of normal myocardium metabolism since hs-TnT and hs-TnT are detected in almost all healthy patients. It also turned out that hs-TnT and hs-TnT are differ by gender (in men, troponin concentration in the blood is higher than in women), age (in elderly patients, the levels of troponins are higher than in young ones) and circadian cycles (morning concentrations of troponins are higher than in the evening). A huge variety of methods for determining cTnI and cTnT, differing in their diagnostic capabilities, creates the need for tests in order to perform an unbiased assessment of analytical characteristics of each method. This review focuses on the most pressing issues related to the discussion of the biological characteristics of cardiac troponins and the analytical characteristics of troponin immunoassays from a historical and contemporary point of view.

511. Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients with Elevated Cardiac Troponin I Have Increased Length Of Stay But Similar Ventilation Time

BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes increased mortality and morbidity in patients with underlying cardiovascular disease. Elevated cardiac troponin I (cTnI) can suggest either a co-concurrent myocarditis or acute myocardial infarction. Understanding how laboratory values predict disease severity is important for clinicians to guide therapy and triage patients.MethodsA cross sectional study was performed utilizing the 184 hospital United States database of HCA. Patients were selected based on inpatient visits to HCA facilities from February 2020 to May 2020 with a COVID-19 diagnosis and at least one cTnI lab test. Patients were divided according to an elevated or normal cTnI value based on the 99th percentile reference range of the test. Outcomes, such as length of stay, disposition, and time on the ventilator, were compared.Results3968 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 were identified. Of those, 3158 patients had at least one cTnI test throughout their hospitalization. 829 (26%) had at least one positive cTnI during their hospitalization. Patients with at least one positive cTnI were hospitalized on average for 8.7 days, whereas patients without positive cTnI were hospitalized on average for 6.3 days (p< 0.0001). 1499 patients without positive cTnI were sent home without health care, but only 196 with positive cTnI were discharged home without requiring home health (p < 0.0001). Need for mechanical ventilation was also higher in the elevated cTnI group. If intubated, patients in both groups required on average the same amount of ventilator time, 7 days (p = 0.7263).Ventilation time between COVID-19 patients with and without elevated Troponins Length of hospitalization stay between COVID-19 patient with and without elevated Troponins Differences in discharge between COVID-19 patients with and without elevated Troponins ConclusionPatients with at least one positive cTnI during their hospitalization had increased length of stay and decreased likelihood of being discharged home without home health. Using a large nationwide database we confirmed previously published findings in smaller patient populations associating cardiovascular disease with COVID-19 severity. Once patients were intubated, both subsets of patients with and without elevated cTnI had similar days on the ventilator, suggesting the COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has a more complicated relationship to troponin levels. These findings suggest that patients with an increased cTnI should be triaged to receive aggressive management.Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

High-sensitivity troponins in dialysis patients: variation and prognostic value.

BackgroundDialysis patients have a high prevalence of cardiovascular mortality but also elevated cardiac troponins (cTns) even without signs of cardiac ischaemia. The study aims to assess variation and prognostic value of high-sensitivity cTnI and cTnT in prevalent dialysis patients.MethodsIn 198 prevalent haemodialysis (HD) and 78 peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, 4-monthly serum troponin I and T measurements were obtained. Reference change values (RCVs) were used for variability assessment and competing-risk regression models for survival analyses; maximal follow-up was 50 months.ResultsHD and PD patients had similar troponin levels [median (interquartile range) troponin I: 25 ng/L (14–43) versus 21 ng/L (11–37), troponin T: 70 ng/L (44–129) versus 67 ng/L (43–123)]. Of troponin I and T levels, 42% versus 98% were above the decision level of myocardial infarction. RCVs were +68/−41% (troponin I) and +29/−23% (troponin T). Increased variability of troponins related to higher age, male sex, protein-energy wasting and congestive heart failure, but not ischaemic heart disease or dialysis form. Elevated troponin T, but not troponin I, predicted death after adjusting for confounders.ConclusionsA large proportion of prevalent dialysis patients without current established or ongoing cardiac events have elevated levels of high-sensitivity cTns. Mortality risk was doubled in patients with persistently high troponin T levels. The large intraindividual variation of cTns suggests that serial measurements and reference change levels may be used to improve diagnostic utility. However, evidence-based recommendations require more data from large studies of dialysis patients with cardiac events.

Serum lipoprotein(a) and risk of periprocedural myocardial injury in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

Recent studies and guidelines have indicated that lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)]was an independent risk factor of arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). This study aimed to determine the relationship between serum Lp(a) levels and the risk of periprocedural myocardial injury following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in coronary heartdisease (CHD) patients. This study enrolled 528 nonacute myocardial infarction (AMI) coronary heart disease (CHD) patients who successfully underwent PCI. Fasting serum lipids including Lp(a) were tested before PCI. High‐sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs‐cTnI) was tested before PCI and 24 h after PCI. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the relationship between preprocedural Lp(a) levels and postprocedural cTnI elevation from 1 × upper limit of normal (ULN) to 70 × ULN. As a continuous variable, multivariate analyses adjusting for conventional covariates and other serum lipids revealed that increased Lp(a) levels were independently associated with the risk of elevated postprocedural cTnI values above 1 × ULN (odds ratio [OR] per log‐unit higher: 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–1.68, P = 0.033], 5 × ULN (OR: 1.25, 95%CI: 1.02–1.53, P = 0.032), 10 × ULN (OR: 1.48, 95%CI: 1.18–1.86, P = 0.001) and 15 × ULN (OR: 1.28, 95%CI: 1.01–1.61, P = 0.038). As a categorical variable, Lp(a) > 300 mg/L was an independent risk factor of postproceduralc TnI≥1 × ULN (OR 2.17, 95%CI 1.12–4.21, P = 0.022), ≥5 × ULN (OR 1.82, 95%CI 1.12–2.97, P = 0.017) and ≥10 × ULN (OR 2.17, 95%CI 1.33–3.54, P = 0.002). Therefore, it could be concluded that elevated preprocedural Lp(a) levels were associated with the risk of PCI‐related myocardial injury in non‐AMI CHD patients.

Risk factors analysis of prognosis of adult acute severe myocarditis.

BACKGROUNDAdult severe myocarditis is primarily caused by infection with any number of a variety of viruses. It arises quickly, progresses rapidly, and may lead to severe heart failure or circulatory failure presenting as rapid-onset hypotension and cardiogenic shock with a high hospital mortality rate.AIMTo analyze the risk factors affecting the short-term prognosis of adult acute severe myocarditis (ASM).METHODSAdult patients with ASM (ASM group, n = 218) and acute nonsevere myocarditis (ANSM group, n = 80) who came to our department from January 2014 to January 2020 were enrolled in this study. Patients with ASM were divided into the ASM survival group (n = 185) and ASM nonsurvival group (n = 33) according to the treatment results during hospitalization. The clinical symptoms, laboratory examinations, treatment methods, complications, and the relationship between the treatment results of the two groups were retrospectively compared and discussed. The risk factors for death in patients with severe myocarditis were analyzed by binary logistic regression. A follow-up to 5.5 years was conducted on patients in the ASM survival group and ANSM group after discharge, and the readmission rate and incidence rate of dilated cardiomyopathy were analyzed.RESULTSCompared with the ASM survival group, the ASM nonsurvival group had longer QRS complex, higher incidence of cardiogenic shock, higher serum creatinine (SCr, 235μmol/L vs 89 μmol/L, P < 0.05), higher sensitive cardiac troponin I (cTnI, 4.45 μg/L vs 1.66 μg/L, P < 0.05) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP, 1756 pg/mL vs 401 pg/mL, P < 0.05). The binary logistic regression revealed that there were statistical differences between the two groups in SCr, cTnI, and BNP values (all P < 0.05). After discharging from the hospital, patients in the ASM group and ANSM group had no significant differences in the readmission rate and incidence rate of dilated cardiomyopathy.CONCLUSIONElevated SCr, cTnI, and BNP are independent predictors for poor prognosis in patients with ASM. The long-term prognosis of patients in the ASM survival group is good.

Abstract 15582: Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients With Elevated Cardiac Troponin I Have Increased Overall Mortality and Ventilation Requirements

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes increased mortality and morbidity in patients with underlying cardiovascular disease. Elevated cardiac troponin I (cTnI) can suggest either a co-concurrent myocarditis or acute primary or secondary myocardial injury. Understanding how laboratory values predict disease severity is important for clinicians to guide therapy and triage patients. Hypothesis: cTnI may help identify the subsets of COVID-19 patients that progress to worse clinical outcomes. Methods: A cross sectional study was performed utilizing the 184 hospital United States database of HCA. Patients were selected based on inpatient visits to HCA facilities from February 2020 to May 2020 with a COVID-19 diagnosis and at least one cTnI lab test. Patients were divided according to an elevated or normal cTnI value based on the 99th percentile reference range of the test. Outcomes, such as mortality and need for mechanical ventilation, were compared. Results: 3968 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 were identified. Of those, 3158 patients had at least one cTnI test during their hospitalization. 829 (26%) had at least one positive cTnI during their hospitalization. 328 patients with at least one positive cTnI during their hospitalization died and 174 patients without a positive cTnI died (OR: 14.4 CI: 11.39 -18.30 p&lt;0.0001). 333 patients with positive cTnI required mechanical ventilation, but only 314 with negative cTnI required mechanical ventilation (p&lt;0.001). Conclusions: Patients with at least one positive cTnI during their hospitalization had increased mortality. Using a large nationwide database we confirmed previously published findings in smaller patient populations associating cardiovascular disease with COVID-19 severity. Patients with elevated cTnI were also more likely to require mechanical ventilation, suggesting the COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome has a more complicated relationship to troponin levels. These findings suggest that patients with an increased cTnI should be triaged to receive aggressive management. Future steps would be to evaluate effects of aging and other risk factors on the outcome.

Troponin I, creatine-phosphokinase and creatine-phosphokinase-MB in newborns with suspected neonatal asphyxia.

The cardiac troponin I (cTnI), creatine phospokinase (CPK), and creatine kinase- myocardial band (CK-MB) are cardiac biomarkers used in newborns with asphyxia. To analyze the relationship between cTnI, CPK and CPK-MB levels with clinical and biochemical diagnostic criteria for neonatal asphyxia. Analytical cross-sectional study in neonates with at least one diagnostic criterion of asphyxia. Relationship among cTnI and CPK-MB levels at birth, serum levels of CPK and CPK-MB determined 24 hours after delivery, with metabolic acidosis, Apgar test at 5 minutes with scores of 0-3, neurological alterations and/or multiple organ failure were analyzed. Thirty-four neonates, 73.5% born by cesarean section, 71% term neonates with a mean weight of 3,096 ± 453g, 2,275 ± 509g for preterm, and a mean of 7.77 ± 1.481 and 7.03 ± 1.705 5-minute Apgar score, respectively. 17.6% of the neonates reported a pH value < 7.20, 58% a base deficit of 12 mmol/L, 5.8% obtained a 5-minute Apgar score < 3, and 38.23% had neurological alterations and/or multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. All patients reported cTnI within the normal reference range. CPK and CPK-MB values, 24 hours after delivery, were elevated in 29% of the cases with one or two diagnostic criteria for neonatal asphyxia. The percentage of CPK-MB was associated with gestational age. cTnI values were normal in suspected cases of neonatal asphyxia, whereas CPK and CPK MB can elevate in these population, principally in preterm newborns. Biochemical markers were not associated with any clinical parameter.

Intraoperative transesophageal assessment of coronary artery flow can predict 5 type myocardial infarction

Abstract Background Stenosis of a coronary artery results in an increase in flow velocity in the pathologic segment. Effective grafting should decrease the stenotic native coronary velocity according to hemodynamic law. The range of decreased velocity before and after cardiac surgery can hypothetically reflect the effectiveness of a graft. The aim of the study is to determine if measuring coronary flow velocity changes during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) can predict intraoperative myocardial infarction. Methods One hundred sixty-six (166) consecutive patients (121 men, 64±9 years old) referred for cardiac surgery, were prospectively included in the study. A standard basic perioperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) examination was performed with additional scans of the left main, left anterior descending (LAD), and circumflex (LCx) arteries' proximal segments. Measurements of coronary flow velocities were performed before and after grafting in the same sites of the arteries. The maximal value of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) after CABG and the additive criteria were accounted for in the analysis as it is described in the expert consensus document for Type 5 myocardial infarction (MI) definition. Results One hundred sixty-three patients (98%) had arterial hypertension, 28 patients (17%) had diabetes mellitus, 35 patients (21%) were currently smokers. The feasibility of coronary flow assessment during cardiac operations was 95%. Before grafting, the mean velocity in the left main artery was 91±49 cm/s, in LAD 101±35 cm/s, and in LCx 117±49 cm/s. There was a significant correlation between changes in coronary flow velocities during operation and the value of cTnI (R=0.34, p&amp;lt;0.0001). Ten patients met the criteria for Type 5 MI. There were no differences in age, body mass index, number of coronary arteries with stenoses, frequency of prior MI, ejection fraction or coronary flow velocity before surgery in patients with and without Type 5 MI. The group of patients with Type 5 MI had an increase in native artery velocities during surgery in comparison with patients without MI, who had a significant decrease in coronary flow velocity after grafting (30±48 vs. −10±30 cm/s; p&amp;lt;0.0006). Increases in native coronary velocities greater than 3 cm/s predicted Type 5 MI with 81% accuracy (sensitivity 88%, specificity 70%). Conclusion Coronary flow velocity assessment during cardiac surgery could predict an elevation of cardiac troponins and Type 5 MI. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

Determinants and prognostic implication of periprocedural myocardial injury after successful recanalization of coronary chronic total occlusion.

Periprocedural myocardial injury (PMI) has been generally associated with major adverse cardiac events (MACE), however, limited studies addressed its clinical implications following chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). To evaluate the determinants and prognostic implication of PMI following CTO-PCI. Retrospective single-centre study of 125 consecutive patients undergoing CTO-PCI was attempted between December 2013 and December 2017. Angiographic success was achieved in 115 patients (92.0%) and cTn-I values were obtained 12-24h following PCI. PMI was defined as an elevation of cTn-I above 5 times the 99th-percentile upper reference limit. Baseline demographic, clinical, angiographic and procedural characteristics were compared. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine the predictors of PMI and the correlates of PMI and 1-year MACE, a composite of all-cause death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and target lesion revascularization. Overall, mean age was 67 ± 17years; 25 patients (21.7%) were female; and PMI occurred in 41 patients (35.7%). Multivessel coronary artery disease (MVD) (odds ratio [OR], 3.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09-10.67; p = 0.04) and procedural complications (a composite of iatrogenic coronary artery dissection/haematoma or perforation) (OR, 19.08; 95% CI, 3.77-96.65; p < 0.01) predicted PMI. Significant collateralization (Rentrop 3) (hazard ratio, [HR], 0.19; 95% CI, 0.06-0.64; p < 0.01) and procedural complications (HR, 8.86; 95% CI, 2.66-29.46; p < 0.01) were independently associated with 1-year MACE, while PMI was not (p = 0.26). In this contemporary cohort, PMI following successful CTO-PCI was a common finding and was predicted by MVD and procedural complications. PMI was not independently associated with 1-year MACE.

Prognostic value of cardiac troponin levels in patients presenting with supraventricular tachycardias

BackgroundAn association between paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias (PSVT) and elevated cardiac troponin I (cTnI) has been reported in small studies, even in the absence of significant coronary artery or structural heart disease. We sought to explore the prognostic significance of elevated cTnI among patients presenting with PSVT. MethodsThis is a retrospective single-center observational study conducted between January 2014 and Decemebr 2016. 165 patients (60% men, mean age 55 ± 17 year-old) with an acute episode of regular supraventricular tachyarrhythmia were admitted to the emergency department at Rambam Medical Center. 131 patients had at least one serum cTnI value measured. Of those, 57 had a positive result, defined as serum cTnI of more than 0.028 ng/dL. ResultsMultivariate analysis showed that heart rate > 150 beats per minute (bpm) on admission (OR = 3.9; 95% CI 1.1.6–9.5; p < 0.003) and history of coronary artery disease (CAD) (OR = 3.4; 95% CI 1.2–10.1; p = 0.026) were the only independent predictors of cTnI elevation. After mean follow-up period of 23 ± 7 months, the combined primary outcome of death, coronary intervention (PCI) or myocardial infarction (MI) occurred in 7 patients (12.3%) out of 57 patients with positive cTnI and in zero patients with negative cTn (p = 0.002). Cox proportional hazard model showed that elevated cTnI on admission was an independent predictor of adverse outcomes only in patients with known coronary artery disease (CAD) (HR = 3.3, p = 0.05). ConclusionElevated cTnI among patients presenting with PSVT appears to have prognostic significance only in patients with history of CAD. In this patient group elevated cTnI is associated with increased risk of adverse cardiac outcomes. We therefore believe serum cTnI should be measured selectively, such as in patients with symptoms of ischemic chest pain and a high pretest likelihood of having CAD.