Crystallographic Patterns Research Articles

Synthesis of Lanthanum Ferrite Perovskite Nanoparticles: An Alternative Bio‐Approach Versus a Conventional Chemical Approach

AbstractHerein, we report the synthesis of perovskite‐type oxide LaFeO3 nanoparticles via chemical as well as bio approaches. Azadirachta indica (neem) extract's impact on the LaFeO3 nanoparticles has been studied to identify potential substitutes for detrimental chemical synthesis. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) examinations of synthesized perovskites by both routes reveal the cubic LaFeO3 phase and identical crystallographic patterns. The optical bandgap energies (Eg) for the chemical and bio‐synthesized variants are determined to be 2.05 and 2.03 eV, respectively using UV–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis affirms the occurrence of two significant vibrational bands at 558 and 438 cm−1, which strengthen the formation of perovskite LaFeO3. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) investigation indicates the chemical variant has larger blockier‐shaped particles, whereas the bio‐synthesized sample has a micro‐spherical morphology with sharp edges. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) investigations substantiate the chemical state of La‐3d, Fe‐2p, and O‐1s present in both variants, which comprises the 3 : 3 perovskite type. Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM) analysis elucidates weak ferromagnetism at room temperature in both of the synthesized samples. The novelty of this work concentrates on divulging that green synthesized LaFeO3 perovskites are more environmentally benign and affordable than chemically synthesized ones.

The Application of Frieze Groups and Crystallographic Groups in Generating Batak Toba Ornament Motifs Using a Matlab Graphical User Interface

Gorga is a carving or sculpture typically found on the exterior of a Toba Batak traditional house. The Batak people use fractal (geometric) dimensions in Batak gorga carvings. In mathematics, repetitive and symmetrical patterns in planes that result from transformations are included in the plane symmetry groups. Ethnomathematics is a cultural approach to the concept of mathematics. A frieze group can be defined as a symmetrical group which arises from a unidirectional translation and subsequently generates a linear pattern that recurs exclusively in a single direction. There are seven different pattern types in the frieze groups. Meanwhile, crystallographic patterns are flat two-dimensional patterns that form a lattice. There are 17 crystallographic types of patterns with five different types of unit lattices. The purpose of this study is to generate motifs for Batak ornaments based on frieze groups and crystallographic groups using a Matlab Graphical User Interface (GUI). A total of 119 new motifs were generated based on seven types of patterns in the frieze groups, namely, F1,F2,F3,F4,F5,F6, and F7. Meanwhile, in the crystallographic groups, 153 new motifs were generated based on nine types of patterns, namely, p1,p2,pm,pg,cm,pmg,pmm,cmm, and pgg. To keep with trends, the new motifs generated can be used in everyday life as decorations or business symbols that are characteristic of the Toba Batak region.

Development of Malay Deli Songket Motifs Based on Symmetry Groups

One of the tribes in North Sumatra Province that has a wide variety of art is the Deli Malays, especially the Songket motifs. Songket is a type of traditional Indonesian weaving that should be preserved to maintain Indonesia’s wealth. The motifs in the Malay Deli Songket can be analyzed because of its symmetrical pattern. In this study, the author developed the Malay Deli Songket motif based on the concept of the symmetry group. The motif development was carried out with the Matlab program based on the frieze group pattern and the crystallography group pattern. The Frieze pattern, often called the Frieze Group, is a symmetry group created from one-way translation, forming a linear pattern that repeats one way. The crystallography group has 17 crystallographic patterns formed by a specific transformation from each type of unit lattice. Through the development of motifs, 6 new Songket motifs were obtained based on the Frieze pattern in 11 observed Malay Deli Songket motifs, namely the Moon Orchid motif, the Orchid motif, the Balong Ayam motif, the Coffee Flowers motif, the Tobacco Leaves 1 and 2 motifs, the Corn motif, the Paddy motif, the Tampuk Manggis motif, the Tobacco motif, and the Ulam Raja motif. In 4 previously observed Malay Deli Songket motifs, 11 new Songket motifs were obtained for crystallography patterns: the Deli Tobacco Leaves motif, the Coffee motif, the Tampuk Gelugor motif, and the Undang Kupu-Kupu motif.

Light Microscopy and Proteomic Patterns of Ovulation in Cervical Mucus.

There is an increasing number of couples interested in identifying the fertile window for the purpose of conceiving. From what has been published so far, it can be concluded that there are no reliable methods to predict ovulation, and, therefore, to predict the fertile window. Proteins of the cervical mucus (CM) could behave as biomarkers to allow the early and precise identification of ovulation. CM samples were collected from the lumen of the cervical canal from women of reproductive age, on three different days of the same menstrual cycle. Samples were first analyzed and classified by light microscopy. High-resolution mass spectrometry and bioinformatic analysis were performed afterwards to determine the in vivo changes of CM protein composition. CM underwent cyclical changes in its biophysical composition, which were evidenced by changes in the crystallographic patterns observed under the light microscope. The proteomic analysis revealed changes in the protein composition of CM along the cycle. Twenty-five out of the forty-eight total proteins identified could become potential biomarkers of ovulation. The coordinated changes in the composition of the CM around the time of ovulation could be happening to specifically grant access to a foreign body, such as the sperm might be.

An evolution to Bismuth dopant concentration on properties of CdSe films for solar cell appliances

The deliberated introduction of dopant to the crystalline host lattice is a promising approach towards the adjustment of physical properties. The present work deals with the influence of Bi dopant concentration on crystallographic, optical, topographical and electrical features of CdSe films for absorber layer applications to solar cells. Herein, the deposition of undoped and Bi doped CdSe films having 1%, 3% and 5% Bi dopant concentration is carried out via resistive heating thermal evaporation method. The crystallographic patterns reveal to the polycrystalline nature of films with occurrence of major reflection along (111) plane of cubic CdSe system where the intensity of this peak is substantially altered with Bi dopant. The crystallite size and strain of the CdSe films are appeared in range of 32–53 nm and 3.01 × 10−3–5.06 × 10−3, respectively upon changing the Bi doping. Optical study indicates the manifestation of strong absorption in visible region of spectra and fluctuation in absorbance of CdSe films with change in Bi dopant concentration. The optical band gap of undoped and Bi doped CdSe films is obtained in 1.61–1.69 eV range. Electrical assessment of films points towards creation of Ohmic contacts where the conductivity of films is improved at 1% Bi doping and decreased at higher doping. All the films show spherical shaped grains with variable density where the grain size obtained from AFM analysis is varied from 24 nm to 40 nm with Bi dopant concentration. Hence, the concentration of trivalent Bi dopant plays a pivotal role in modulation of properties of CdSe films for absorber layer appliances.

Large-Scale Hf0.5 Zr0.5 O2 Membranes with Robust Ferroelectricity.

Hafnia-based compounds have considerable potential for use in nanoelectronics due to their compatibility with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor devices and robust ferroelectricity at nanoscale sizes. However, the unexpected ferroelectricity in this class of compounds often remains elusive due to the polymorphic nature of hafnia, as well as the lack of suitable methods for the characterization of the mixed/complex phases in hafnia thin films. Herein, the preparation of centimeter-scale, crack-free, freestanding Hf0.5 Zr0.5 O2 (HZO) nanomembranes that are well suited for investigating the local crystallographic phases, orientations, and grain boundaries at both the microscopic and mesoscopic scales is reported. Atomic-level imaging of the plan-view crystallographic patterns shows that more than 80% of the grains are the ferroelectric orthorhombic phase, and that the mean equivalent diameter of these grains is about 12.1nm, with values ranging from 4 to 50nm. Moreover, the ferroelectric orthorhombic phase is stable in substrate-free HZO membranes, indicating that strain from the substrate is not responsible for maintaining the polar phase. It is also demonstrated that HZO capacitors prepared on flexible substrates are highly uniform, stable, and robust. These freestanding membranes provide a viable platform for the exploration of HZO polymorphic films with complex structures and pave the way to flexible nanoelectronics.

How fluid-mediated rock transformations can mimic hydro-fracturing patterns in hydrothermal dolomite

Numerous studies of hydrothermal dolomite bodies describe brecciated rocks characterized by dark angular fragments of dolomicrite bounded together by saddle dolomite crystals forming veins. Often associated with ore deposits, these hydrothermal dolomite breccia (HDB) patterns are usually interpreted as related to hydro-fracturing and so are considered as univocal markers of fluid overpressure. In this contribution we report an occurrence of typical HDB pattern in a dolomitized sedimentary breccia related to Mesozoic hyper-extension located in the Northern Pyrenees (France). We propose a model that accounts for the textural and crystallographic patterns of a HDB, without any fluid overpressure. The following observations lead us to propose that this HDB results from texturally controlled, hydrothermal fluid-initiated recrystallization of the initial sedimentary breccia by grain boundary migration: (1) the occurrence of rough contacts between the dolomite crystals and an initial dolomitized sedimentary breccia structure; (2) the crystallographic pattern of the hydrothermal dolomite; (3) the different grain size distribution in HDB texture and initial breccia structure; (4) the spatial distribution of oxide particles. Our alternate interpretation was further tested by 2D numerical simulations of the replacement process using the ‘ELLE’ modelling toolbox. Simulations confirm that advection of hot fluids along porous zones can locally trigger recrystallization by grain boundary migration, a replacement of the initial breccia texture and a preservation of larger, less permeable and cold fragments. We propose key features in textural evidence to assess whether HDB texture is pinpointing towards episodes of fluid overpressure and fracturing in carbonates, or if it rather is related to fluid-mediated rock recrystallization.

Analysis of frieze and crystallographic patterns of North Sumatran Malay songket textile

Traditional fabrics are included in one of the local cultures that are traditionally made for customs purposes. One of the famous traditional fabrics in North Sumatra is the Malay songket. This cloth has various patterns and motifs, depending on the area where the songket is made. This study analyzed 22 North Sumatran Malay songket motifs based on frieze and crystallographic patterns. Based on the results of the study, 4 frieze patterns were found on 14 North Sumatran Malay songket motifs, namely pattern I, pattern 3, pattern 5, and Pattern 7. In addition, 5 crystallographic patterns on 8 North Sumatran Malay songket motifs, namely the pmm, p4g, pi, cmm and p4m patterns. The results of this study can be used as a reference to learning mathematics.

Electrolytic Generation of Nickel Hydroxide and Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles for Advanced Applications

Nano nickel hydroxides and nano nickel compounds attract great attention because it is a significant industrial material of commercial importance and applications in nickel-metal hydride batteries, supper capacitors, water treatment, etc. This investigation gives the results of electrolytic preparation of nickel hydroxide powder by anodic dissolution technique and conversion of this nickel hydroxide to nano nickel oxide via heat treatment. The obtained operating conditions for anodic dissolution of nickel substrate in saline solution were 75mA/cm2, pH 6, 3g/l. sodium chloride, 20OC, electrode gap distance 3cm, electrode reverse polarity interval time 5min. at 150rpm stirring rate. The obtained nickel hydroxide powder completely converted to nano nickel oxide at 150OC for 6hr. Morphology, particle size and crystallographic patterns of prepared nickel hydroxide and nano nickel oxide were investigated by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and the scanning advanced electronic diffraction (SAED) pattern. It was found that average particle size of synthesized nano nickel hydroxide were of nano tube shapes with smooth surface and average diameters in the range of 2.16 – 3.32 nm. Obtained results affect the design of nickel hydroxide electrodes for charge storage applications. The obtained nano nickel oxide was tested for the removal of Methylene blue dye from its solutions via adsorption. For MB solution of 100mg/l. concentration the optimum conditions for complete removal were found to be: pH 11, 100mg/l. MB, 10g/l. nano nickel oxide dose, 20OC, stirring rate 150rpm, at contact time 90min. the results shows that the adsorption capacity of MB on the nano nickel oxide surface was 25mg.g-1, and with cleaning and dryeing then reuse of the nano nickel oxide more than 12 times of MB adsorption process without any signficant change of adsorption capacity indicationg that nano nickel oxide is very good dye adsorbant.

A Facile Synthetic Approach for Cu(OH)2-Cu2O Heterostructure: A Stable Catalyst for Pollutant Degradation

In the present study, we report the development of morphologically different copper and Cu(OH)2-Cu2O nanostructures by a single step chemical reduction method using ascorbic acid as environmental friendly reducing agent. Morphology and crystallographic patterns of the synthesized samples were analyzed using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Determination of catalytic performance of both copper and Cu(OH)2-Cu2O nanostructure towards hydrogenation reduction of para nitrophenol and para nitroaniline using sodium borohydride as the reducing agent suggested that Cu(OH)2-Cu2O nanostructure is comparatively efficient in hydrogenating the nitro aromatic compounds. The improved hydrogenation capacity was suggested to be due to the formation of an in-situ composite of Cu2O-Cu during the time of reduction reaction. Analysis on the degradation capacity of developed samples for methyl orange degradation using sodium borohydride as the reducing agent indicated significantly high reduction rate for Cu(OH)2-Cu2O nanostructure with a rate constant value of 0. 819 min-1, which is higher than many of the previously reported values.

Spinel zinc ferrite nanostructured thin-films for enhanced light-harvesting in polycrystalline solar cells

Abstract Spinel zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) nanocrystallites are applied as an anti-reflection coating (ARC) for the enhanced light harvesting in polycrystalline silicon solar cells (PCSSC) and its effect were studied. Spinel zinc ferrite nanocrystallites were prepared using precursors of zinc and ferric chloride by co-precipitation method. The morphological, optical, electrical characterizations are comprehensively used to establish the performance of spinel ZnFe2O4 Nanostructured Thin Films (NTF) covered and uncovered PCSSC. Further, X-ray diffraction and fluorescence analysis have been performed to demonstrate the crystallographic patterns and elemental compositions of ZnFe2O4 nanocrystallites. The developed spinel ZnFe2O4 NTF on PCSSC shows the reduction in reflectivity (20.3%), improvement in light trapping efficiency (17.5%) and transmittance of the fabricated spinel ZnFe2O4 NTF was validated with optical and electrical observations.

Development of indium (In) doped SnSe thin films for photovoltaic application

The undoped and indium doped SnSe (In-SnSe) thin films were successfully prepared by the two-stage process (sputtering and rapid thermal annealing process). The physical properties of the prepared thin films were investigated. Crystallographic patterns of the undoped and doped SnSe thin films showed the single-phase orthorhombic-SnSe. The diffraction peaks slightly shifted towards the higher diffraction angles as well as Raman peaks also shifted towards higher Raman shift by doping of indium. Morphology of the In-SnSe films changed significantly by changing the indium percentage. The optical bandgap of SnSe and In-SnSe films was varied in between 1.06 eV and 1.50 eV, and the electrical properties of In-SnSe films were significantly changed with dopant concentration. The obtained physical properties of In-SnSe thin films are suitable for solar cell device fabrication.

Crystallographic features of oral fluid in young people with gingivitis

Introduction. Oral fluid is involved in maintaining the homeostasis of hard and soft tissues of the oral cavity. Therefore, it can indicate the changes in both the local environment and the whole organism. Recently, the crystallographic features of oral fluid have been actively studied. Therefore, this paper is devoted to the possibility of using crystallographic patterns of oral fluid for the early diagnosis of periodontal diseases in young people under 30 years of age.The purpose of the research is to study the crystallographic picture of oral fluid in subjects aged 18-23 years with gingivitis.Materials and methods. Subjects were divided into two groups: main — with chronic catarrhal gingivitis (28) and control (32). The main group consisted of two subgroups — with mild (18) and moderate (10) gingivitis. The degree of gingivitis was determined using the papillary-marginal-alveolar index (PMA) in Parma modification (1960). The study of oral fluid was performed using the method of wedge-shaped dehydration. The type of crystallization was determined according to the method of Leus P. A. modified by Dubrovina L. A. (1989).Results and discussion. The type II crystallization of oral fluid was observed in the majority of individuals in both groups. Type II of the main group was characterized by massive crystals and minor crystals, smaller in size, and of different shapes. Type III was detected only in subjects with gingivitis. 75,00 % of representatives with mild gingivitis have had type II of crystallization patterns. Again, type III of oral fluid facies was observed only in moderate gingivitis.Conclusions. Dependence of the crystallization type of oral fluid on the severity of the inflammatory process can be used in the development of methods for early diagnosis and prevention of periodontal pathology progression.

Synthesis of quaternary nano‐intermetallic LaTi 2 Ni 5 Al 4 with its hydrogen encapsulation and inspection using lithium‐hydride cell

A novel alloy LaTi2Ni5Al4 is investigated in this work. This quaternary composite belongs to the new generation of AB3 intermetallics elaborated using the mechano-milling method. Several analytical techniques are operated in order to verify and confirm the crystallographic patterns following the growth progression of this nanoalloy. Starting from elemental metals, the authors show that they have basically LaTi2Ni5Al4 major pattern corresponding to the symmetry crystal system (Trigonal R-3 m SG: 166). Structure refinement simulation demonstrates that performing this preparation with a laboratory grinding and milling benchtop, they obtain a maximum proportion of AB3 intermetallic alloy after 20 h of metallurgy work processing. The proposition of useful stabilised solid-hydrogen encapsulation is highlighted and tested using a specific lithium-hydride cell.

Constitutive behavior and microstructural evolution in Ti–Al–Si ternary alloys processed by mechanical milling and spark plasma sintering

Severe plastic deformation is closely related to the microstructural behaviors of intermetallics or grain refinement by mechanical milling and subsequent rapid sintering process, i.e. high energy ball milling and spark plasma sintering. In this study, the Ti–Al–Si ternary powders were synthesized to investigate their phase transformation by plastic deformation during the mechanical milling in each process time and composition. The sintered-bodies Ti–Al–Si ternary alloys were fabricated by spark plasma sintering among the rapidly consolidated powders, except for the distribution of single phases in accordance with the Al-melting. The microstructures of intermetallics in Ti–Al–Si ternary alloys were composed of titanium aluminides and titanium silicides, and even ternary compounds as a τ1-phase. In particular, the twining or stacking faults induced by severe plastic deformation were revealed through crystallographic patterns and microstructural evidence. These defects were caused by the slip system for TiAl3 (fcc) or Ti5Si3 (hcp) phases, depending on the grain refinement and generation of ambient intermetallics. To estimate the possibility of these defects, various approaches were taken to obtain experimental measurement of the twin probability and stacking fault energy derived from TEM and XRD analyses.

Performance Evaluation of Abia Clay with Natural Polymers in Water-Based Drilling Fluid Development

The quest for local content in the oil and gas industry for sustainability of materials and resources has necessitated further research on the use of Nigerian clays and locally sourced materials as additives in drilling fluid formulation to substitute the imported bentonite and synthetic additives currently used in natural oil and gas exploration. In this study, Uturu clay was treated using NaOH, NaHCO3, KOH and NaCO3 to improve its suitability for drilling fluid formulation. The clay sample was characterized using particle size analyzer (for particle size distribution), X-ray diffraction (for purity and crystallographic patterns), Fourier Transform infrared for surface chemistry. Water-based drilling fluid was developed using the characterized Uturu clay as the main composition and other four locally source natural polymer namely cassava starch, breadfruit starch, bush mango seed and corn fibre as rheology modifiers. It was found that clay treatment did not have significant effect on spud mud rheology. Clay characterization reveals that the untreated clay consists mainly of montmorillonite with traces of kaolinite and quartz. Preliminary drilling fluid formulation shows that rheological properties were significantly improved with the addition of the natural polymers. In addition, the rheological data were best described using power law model. Further optimization study is required to achieve optimum formulation comparable to the American Petroleum Institute recommendations and this investigation is ongoing in our lab and results will be communicated in another article.

Artificial photosynthesis for alcohol and 3-C compound formation using BiVO4-lamelar catalyst

The high levels of atmospheric CO2 transformed this compound in a preoccupant pollutant. However, a wide range of semiconductors, including bismuth vanadate (BiVO4), can be applied for CO2 reduction aiming generation of fuels. This work reports the optimization of the BiVO4 layer synthesis by microwave system using factorial experimental design, where the variables time (5 to 15 min) and temperature (120 to 160 °C) were studied. For evaluation purposes, the materials synthetized were applied in photocatalytic reduction of CO2. All the BiVO4 materials analyzed promoted the formation of methanol. The best condition was obtained under the material synthesized at 160 °C with 15 min of reaction, where 1.5 mmol L−1 gcat−1 of methanol was produced after 120 min of photocatalysis. For the first time, acetone formation was observed in this kind of material. The best condition for acetone production was acquire with the material prepared at 140 °C with 10 min of synthesis, where 0.030 mmol L−1 gcat−1 was generated after 240 min of CO2 reduction. Differences in methanol concentration obtained among the samples were probably related to crystallographic patterns of the material, once the presence of Bi2O3 or other BiVO4 crystallographic species may affect the efficiency of the material. The results obtained in this work show that the use of BiVO4 layer semiconductor prepared by microwave system for CO2 reduction leads to the generation of high amounts of methanol under just UV–vis light incidence, aside from promoting the production of acetone.

Crystalline organization of nacre and crossed lamellar architecture of seashells and their influences in mechanical properties

Nature is embracing of abundant bio-inspired materials; among them seashells are exhibits their unique hierarchical arrangement of special structures with excellent mechanical properties. These alignments could be used as a template for the designing of artificial materials. In this present work, the architecture of four different species of seashells was compared based on their microstructural arrangements with building blocks of their elemental composition and resilient mechanical behaviors. The experimental seashells of Anadara inaequivalvis, Murex aduncospinosus, Bufonaria rana, and Conus planorbis were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, microscopic infrared spectroscopy (MIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and micro-nanoindentation with fracture toughness. The obtained results revealed that the crystalline size of the seashells ranging from 30 to 1000 nm, and composed of aragonite, calcite in the form of aggregation of hexagonal plates with crossed lamellar units. Among the four seashells, A. inaequivalvis and C. planorbis are exhibited the excellent nacre and crossed lamellar organization with admirable mechanical strengths. However, the fourth order lamellae exhibited only in the case of A. inaequivalvis and the directions of fourth order lamellae [001] units were created by trim prisms of third order lamellae. Furthermore, it's aligned in parallel to fashioned in rod-shaped by second order lamellar units. The lamellar plate's arrangements were confirmed by TEM, and the formation of growth lines was mediated by the crossed lamellar structure to form a stacked curve pattern. In addition, the crossed lamellar structures of C. planorbis consist of granular and columnar appearances with three distinct layers. The mechanical mapping of A. inaequivalvis and C. planorbis are denoted the excellent mechanical strength in microindentation, hardness, Young module's and single-etch-notched three-points bending test. As a result, the textural analyses of seashells deliver the wide knowledge of crystallographic patterns of lamellar organization, and mapping the mechanical properties can be used for the construction of hierarchical super-tough artificial materials.

Production of environmentally friendly sand-like products from granitoid waste sludge and coal fly ash for civil engineering

Processing granitoid rock for civil engineering, countertops, and paving generates sub-economical (transportation costs exceed their retail value) granite powder sludge. This paper evaluates the possibility of mixing granite waste (GW) produced at the Spanish quarries of Galicia with a second sub-economical substance, Class F coal fly ash (FA <20 wt% CaO). The GW would reduce the leachability of toxic trace elements enriched in Colombian fly ashes and form a sand-like product that could serve as a substitute product and would reduce the costs in industrial concrete and civil engineering projects. To investigate both the capability of the GW to reduce FA leaching (by physical adsorption) and the potential use of the aggregate product as a partial substitute in industrial concrete, the physical (e.g. morphology, crystallographic patterns, and surface area), mineralogical, and chemical (including leachability and chemical composition) properties of the aggregate product were tested. Moreover, properties of the concrete (compressive strength, ion penetration, workability, and electron microscope scanning results (SEM)) were also analyzed. The use of the end scrubbed product in the concrete mixture was found to enhance the performance of the concrete mixture, reducing the leaching of the hazardous elements, and improving the concrete produced.

Preparation and Characterization of Micro and Nano Metal Doped Polymer Composites

Polyaniline (PA) was synthesized by in-situ chemical oxidative polymerization method using K2Cr2O7 as an oxidant and H2SO4 as a dopant. Then the micro and nano copper were doped to enhance its electrical conductivity. The micro and nano composites were characterized using FT-IR and Raman spectroscopic method for identify the chemical interactions between the molecules. The formation of polymer chain and incorporation of Cu metal were confirmed by these spectroscopic analysis. The crystallographic patterns (XRD) shows the crystalline structure in the composites whereas the pure PA exhibits an amorphous structure. The clearly visible morphological changes and elemental analysis were investigated using SEM-EDS. The flower petals and star like structure were observed after doping Cu into PA matrix. The A.C. electrical conductivity of pure and doped PA with micro and nano copper were attained by two probe setup. The one order increase in conductivity between doped and pure PA was observed.