Crystalline Stones Research Articles

Effect of adding marble-dust particles (MDP) as a partial cement replacement in concrete mix

Several million tonnes of marble dust particles (MDP) are thought to be produced globally during mining. As a result, the use of marble dust particle powder has emerged as a crucial alternative substance for concrete's improved hardening qualities. Chemically, marbles are crystalline stones made primarily of the minerals calcite, dolomite, or serpentine. By origin, other mineral components differ. Concrete can be made much more workable and durable by substituting marble dust particles (MDP). The results of the properties of concrete were studied and it was found that the optimum percentage to replace sand from marble powder in the concrete is being studied. Use of granules and marble dust as a good ingredient in mortar or concrete partially decreasing the amount of cement was shown to be improved in terms of relative workability & compressive and flexural strength. The aim of the study was to look at the different concrete properties, i.e. workability, compressive strength and microstructure of concrete replacing different percentages of marble dust with cement. In this study, the sustainable substitution of cement by marble dust particles varies from 0 to 20 percent by weight of cement. The purpose of this study is to provide more scientific evidence of marble dust particles in construction.

Editor’s Note: The Persistence of Wallpaper

The dematerialization of the art object was a common goal shared by many avant-garde artists of diverse nations and media throughout the 1960s. Alexander Kusztyk notes that the theme of marble, a material most appropriate for tangible and permanent art objects, dominated several conceptual works by Yoko Ono during that period. In these pieces, the artist explores ways of evoking and then dissolving the idea of the crystalline stone through processes of “obliteration, obfuscation and coverage,” at the same time evoking the traditional Japanese karesansui, the dry rock-and-sand garden that paradoxically employs stones to guide us to a meditative state transcending the material world.

The Structural Performance of RCC Beams Made With M30 Grade SCC Mix While Fine Aggregate Is Partially Replaced By Crystal Stones

The economy of a developing country depends to a great extent on the construction industry. Developing countries like India are investing heavily in infrastructure development. The excessive exploitation of natural resources for construction threatens the sustainability of aggregates and poses a number of serious problems. At the same time, the disposal of fly ash and stone residues in landfills cause several environmental crises and pollute the environment. This article deals with a study on the structural behavior of the partial replacement of fine natural aggregates by 0 -40% crystal stones in order to obtain the flow properties of fly-ash-based self-compacting concrete (SCC) by using super plasticizers. Many tests have been done to test the feasibility of using crystal stones in M30 grade SCC. On the basis of the results obtained, the optimum percentage of fine aggregates with crystal stone was calculated at 30% and it was concluded that the increasing percentage of crystal stone replacement by fine aggregates did not affect its workability. The structural performance of simply supported RCC beams of size 150 × 200 × 1500 mm made from SCC with crystalline stone was tested.

The new “Fractals-General Science”: Can time be neutralized?

Abstract A recent new research has revealed that real life systems follow similar “fractals-general” stacking behavior during their change pathways when subjected to affecting environments and events “on and above” their normal behavior or set points. In this paper, the system change pathway is investigated through cleverly neutralizing time in the analysis. The new expression of “neutralizing time” is defined as time is not considered during the system stack-based change pathway calculations, but it will only be sensed in the sequence order. By adopting this concept, the formulations cleverly avoid falling in the trap of the long dilemma of “the problem of time” when handling the system change pathways. This is equivalent to representing the system by two-level configuration: the basic level of the physical system is considered as temporal, while the upper level of affecting events is regarded as non-temporal. Furthermore, it is shown that the infinite multi-stacking interactions at any event state of global systems could provide the necessary mathematical platform for analyzing the natural or intentionally induced “synchronicity” principle. Two illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate the successful applicability of the new time neutralized concept. The first example describes the course of life of inverted pendulum trolley car subject to accidents and collision influences. The second example elucidates the change pathway of the formation of human bladder spherical crystalline stone versus different change formulas under excessive salt/mineral concentrations influences. It is revealed that these illustrative examples could provide a positive assertive answer to the important question: “Can the presented change pathway theory through backward stacking, neutralized time effect, and satisfying the reversibility property mathematically uncover many open secrets such as the origins of matter and antimatter?”. Applications of the new concept to some real life single stacking and multi-stacking examples are also discussed. It is recommended that future work shall be directed toward strengthening the new concept for multi-stacking system change pathway platforms. Such recommendation could also be generalized for implementing the concept in retrospective or backward stacking way to various real life applications, such as for analyzing the past sequential (evolutionary) formation of matter/substances and uncovering the mysterious origins of many versatile systems.

Petrology and geochemistry of Northwest Africa 5480 diogenite and evidence for a basin‐forming event on Vesta

AbstractWe performed a petrological and geochemical study of an olivine diogenite, Northwest Africa (NWA) 5480. NWA 5480 is a crystalline stone, but shows a heterogeneous texture. Olivine aggregates and grains of olivine and chromite display resorption textures set in a crystalline pyroxene matrix. Large olivine aggregates are penetrated by pyroxene matrix. Flow textures are observed near olivine aggregates. Olivine, chromite, and pyroxene show minor chemical zoning, implying relatively rapid cooling. NWA 5480 contains a significant amount of platinum group elements with chondritic relative proportions. All this evidence supports that NWA 5480 is an impact‐melt breccia from a target composed of olivine and pyroxene‐rich lithologies. Such impact melt would have formed by melting crustal materials, possibly during one of the impacts that formed the South Pole basins on Vesta.

MP80-17 DO 24-HOUR URINE SUPERSATURATIONS PREDICT STONE COMPOSITION?

You have accessJournal of UrologyStone Disease: Evaluation II1 Apr 2015MP80-17 DO 24-HOUR URINE SUPERSATURATIONS PREDICT STONE COMPOSITION? Mohamed Omar, Alaa El Mahdy, Ahmed Gamal, and Manoj Monga Mohamed OmarMohamed Omar More articles by this author , Alaa El MahdyAlaa El Mahdy More articles by this author , Ahmed GamalAhmed Gamal More articles by this author , and Manoj MongaManoj Monga More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2015.02.2853AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES To evaluate the correlation between 24 hour urine supersaturation levels and the crystalline stone composition. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the results of stone analysis of 386 patients who had completed 24 hour urine stone risk profiles within 6 months of stone analysis. Patients were characterized as calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate or Uric acid stone formers based on the predominant component (>60%) of their stone. Patients with <50% of one stone composition were characterized as a mixed stone former. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the 24-hour urine supersaturation for predicting the corresponding stone component were calculated. RESULTS The distribution of stone compositions was 235(61%) CAOX, 98(25%) CAPH, 35(9%) Uric acid and 18(5%) mixed stone group. The accuracy of supersaturation for predicting the predominant stone composition was 52.5% for CAOX, 70% for CAPH and 67% for Uric acid group. Even when the predominant stone composition exceeded 90%, the accuracy of supersaturation didn't change remarkably, coax (49 %, p=0.6641), cap (77%, p= 0.361) and uric acid (67%, p=0.9593) CONCLUSIONS 24-hour urine supersaturation has a poor accuracy to predict the predominant stone composition. Accuracy is highest for patients with calcium phosphate stone compositions. Bivariate comparison of 24-hour urine elements across stone type groups Demographics CaOx CaP Uric A Mixed P Value No. of patients (%) 235 (61%) 98 (25%) 35 (9%) 18 (5%) 386 Gender: Male 151 (64%) 31 (32%) 24 (69%) 10 (56%) <.0001 Gender: Female 84 (36%) 67 (68%) 11 (31%) 8 (44%) <.0001 Mean age 56±15 54±17 60±10 50±14 0.390 BMI 29±7.5 29.3±9.3 31.2±6.4 30.5±7.4 0.3781 pH 5.9±0.4 6.4±0.6 5.8±0.6 6.4±0.6 <.0001 Urine volume 2±0.9 2.1±1 1.9±0.8 1.9±1 0.6195 CaOx SS 6.74±3.6 6.6±3.7 5.9±3.7 5.6±3.2 0.3202 CaP SS 1±0.96 1.6±1.2 0.7±1.1 1.5±1.2 <.0001 Uric Acid SS 1±0.87 0.46±0.5 1.4±1 0.5±0.87 <.0001 Accuracy of supersaturation at different cut-off values of predominant stone composition Mineral Calcium oxalate Calcium phosphate Uric Acid >60% 52.5% 70% 67% >70% 54% 72% 67% >80% 54% 76% 67% >90% 49% 77% 67% © 2015 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 193Issue 4SApril 2015Page: e1025-e1026 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2015 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Mohamed Omar More articles by this author Alaa El Mahdy More articles by this author Ahmed Gamal More articles by this author Manoj Monga More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Does 24-Hour Urine Supersaturation Predict Stone Composition?

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the correlation between 24-hour urine supersaturation (SS) levels and the crystalline stone composition. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the results of stone analysis of 386 patients who had completed 24-hour urine stone risk profiles within 2 months of stone analysis. Patients were characterized as calcium oxalate (CAOX), calcium phosphate (CAPH) or uric acid (UA) stone formers based on the predominant component (> 60%) of their stone. Patients with < 50% of one stone composition were characterized as a mixed stone former. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the 24-hour urine SS for predicting the corresponding stone component were calculated. Results: The distribution of stone compositions was 235 (61%) CAOX, 98 (25%) CAPH, 35 (9%) UA and 18 (5%) mixed stone group. At predominant stone mineral concentration ? 60%, the accuracy of 24-hour urine SS for predicting the predominant stone composition was 52.5% for CAOX, 70% for CAPH and 67% for UA group. Even when the predominant stone mineral concentration was ? 90%, the accuracy of SS did not improve: COAX (49%, P = 0.6641), CAPH (77%, P = 0.361) and UA (67%, P = 0.9593). Conclusions: Twenty-four-hour urine SS has a poor accuracy to predict the predominant stone composition. Accuracy is highest for patients with CAPH stones. World J Nephrol Urol. 2015;4(1):169-172 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/wjnu206w

Surface changes on crystalline stones due to salt crystallisation

This study assesses the changes on the surface of crystalline stones due to salt crystallisation. Efflorescence was forced to grow on the surface of granite and marbles through 60 cycles of salt crystallisation with sodium sulphate. Changes on surface roughness, gloss and colour were measured every 15 cycles and the specimens were examined with naked eye and SEM. Sodium sulphate produces damage which depends on mineral composition. Results show that granites experience a mechanical decay with an increase in roughness. Peaks of mica can be observed on the surface and cracks widen and grow deeper. Colour and gloss do not show any significant change, although gloss decreases with an increase in surface roughness. In marbles, the decay is mainly chemical. Surface roughness increases due to dissolution of the calcite. White marbles exhibit yellowing. Gloss decreases during the first cycles—as grain boundaries become more visible—but tends to regain almost its initial value as the number of cycles increases. In this case, gloss does not show any relation with surface roughness.

Large fibres in urinary calculi--promoters of stone formation.

Large fibres (phi 10-20 microns, length up to 5,000 microns) are sometimes imbedded in urinary calculi. It may be that these fibres can catch sediment particles and promote stone growth. By scanning electron microscopy the morphology of the fibres was studied as well as the relationship of the fibres with crystalline stone components. The reported findings suggest that the fibres are possibly formed in the tubuli as the result of an hitherto unknown defect.

FRACTIONATION OF KIDNEY STONE MATRIX.

Following demineralization, the inorganic-crystalline and the organic crystalline stone material is separated into analogous fractions by a procedure used with urinary colloids. Fractions with molecular weight over or about 10,000 constitute a constant percentage of the matrix. The combination of silver nitrate staining and precipitation of fluorescent-labeled antibodies could demonstrate that the active part of the matrix is represented by the R-l fraction, the urine specific mucoprotein.

Tilloids in the West Congo geosyncline

In the West Congo geosyncline, which stretches from Gaboon far into Angola, the Lower and Upper Tilloid Formations extend continuously over more than 100 000 square kilometres. Of Late Pre-Cambrian age, they are most probably equivalent to the Grand and Petit Conglomérats of Katanga. They have generally been thought to consist of tillites and periglacial beds, but detailed study in north-west Angola has led to their reinterpretation as submarine mudflow deposits. The tilloid formations are generally well-bedded sequences consisting of tilloids (till-like pebbly mudstones and greywackes), conglomerates, greywackes, mudstones, quartzites, and limestones, with transitional rock-types. The tilloid clasts comprise angular to rounded intrabasinal fragments eroded from preceding strata, well-rounded extrabasinal crystalline stones, and (in the Lower Tilloid Formation only) debris from intraformational spilite lavas. Graded bedding occurs, sometimes in the tilloids and frequently in the quartzites and greywackes. Each formation marks the beginning of a sedimentary cycle within the West Congo geosyncline major cycle, and was laid down in a sharply subsiding basin after emergence and slight erosion of the preceding beds. Each is followed by rhythmically bedded turbidite formations. Tilloids at other levels in the West Congo System are also described. In each formation marine sediments are intercalated among tilloids, ruling out the possibility of a continental origin. Lithological, stratigraphical, and other evidence is over-whelmingly against a glacio-marine origin. It is suggested that the tilloids were deposited from mudflows formed by the slumping of unconsolidated sediment on the shelf, incorporating mud, sand, gravel, and stones up to large boulder size. This material, of both intrabasinal and extrabasinal provenance, was thoroughly mixed as it flowed far into the geosyncline to be redeposited as tilloid. It is proposed to distinguish ‘flow tilloids’ of this kind from ‘slide tilloids’, less well mixed and smaller in size, formed by less mobile submarine slides. It is thought that they reflect a special tectonic environment of deposition (abrupt subsidence of the geosyncline with only slight elevation of the adjacent land areas) which gave rise to unusually dense turbid flows; tilloid deposition is thus seen as a special type of geosynclinal turbidite sedimentation. Flow-tilloid formations appear to be characteristic of Late Pre-Cambrian geosynclines. The acceptance of a non-glacial origin for the West Congo tilloids would necessitate the re-examination of the evidence for a Late Pre-Cambrian glaciation.