Crystalline Bodies Research Articles

Low temperature thermochronology reveals tilting of crystalline bodies, Halilaga porphyry Cu-Au deposit, NW Anatolia: Implications for exploration of porphyry copper deposits and interpretation of low-temperature thermochronology data for regional tectonics

Because most crystalline bodies lack intrinsic paleo-horizontal information, their tilting cannot be measured directly. Their vertical movement, however, may be tracked by low-T thermochronology (LTT) tools. Because tilting is caused by differential vertical movements, it can be understood if the rate of differential movements is determined. In this regard, here we apply a new LTT-based approach to calculate the orientation of a tilted crystalline body, the Halilaga Cu-Au deposit, in NW Anatolia. Orientation is consistent with the one calculated from a drillhole-based 3D model of the deposit. This reveals the significance of tilting calculations for the exploration of porphyry Cu deposits. On the other hand, and more importantly, it emphasizes the importance of tilting calculations for geological applications such as LTT-based exhumation histories of samples taken from vertical profiles, and paleomagnetic studies. AHe data from the Halilaga deposit reveals the earliest response to the Aegean back-arc extension at ∼ 24 Ma in the north of Western Anatolia. Lastly, thermal models, the new complementary datasets for the tectonic evolution of the region, show that the Halilaga deposit was exhumed to the surface by the coupling effects of Aegean extension and westward propagation of the North Anatolian Fault, which occurred not earlier than 2 Ma.

A Stochastic Model of Anomalously Fast Transport of Heat Energy in Crystalline Bodies

In this work, a new method for constructing the infinite-dimensional Ornstein–Uhlenbeck stochastic process is introduced. The constructed process is used to perturb the harmonic system in order to model anomalously fast heat transport in one-dimensional nanomaterials. The introduced method made it possible to obtain a transition probability function that allows for a different approach to the analysis of equations with such a disturbance. This creates the opportunity to relax assumptions about temporal correlations for such a process, which may lead to a qualitatively different model of energy transport through vibrations of the crystal lattice and, as a result, to obtain the superdiffusion equation on a macroscopic scale with an order of the fractional Laplacian different from the value of 3/4 obtained so far in stochastic models. Simulations confirming these predictions are presented and discussed.

Retracted: Radiation Exposure of Crystalline Bodies during Interventional Therapy and Related Research Status.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/5480409.].

Environmentally Friendly Strategies for Controlling the European Grapevine Moth, Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Terlemezyan, H., M. Sargsyan, H. Harutyunyan, S. Sargsyan and N. Zarikian. 2023. Environmentally Friendly Strategies for Controlling the European Grapevine Moth, Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 41(3): 272-277. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-041.3.272277 The European grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a palearctic pest, has been the target of an international control campaign. Agricultural production areas in Armenia were identified as lacking effective control in 2019- 2020. The results of using a mixture of bacterial and chemical insecticides (BTTER-55 + Coragen, BTTER-94 + Coragen) were effective in controlling this pest. Coragen combined with sublethal concentration of bacterial insecticides (BTTER-55 + Coragen, BTTER-94 + Coragen) showed high biological efficiency against young larvae of grapevine moth under vineyard conditions. It has been proven also that, Coragen together with the applied insecticides that fell on the soil after spraying were less dangerous ecologically since they reduced the number of soil-living ammonifiers for only a short period (1-2 months). In addition, results obtained confirmed that the bacterial insecticides BTTER-55 and BTTER-94 differed in morphological and physiological features, particularly in the size of vegetative cells and spores formed by them, as well as in the size of insecticidal crystalline bodies, colonies shape and assimilation of carbon and nitrogen sources. Keywords: Armenia, European grapevine moth, insecticide, Invasive pests, Plant protection.

대순사상의 영성인본주의 비교연구

This comparative study combines the methodologies of comparative research and literature review to examine Daesoon Thought. Comparative religious analysis in the social sciences, does not presuppose an a priori framework of the essence of religion because it targets various aspects of religion which are revealed within a historical field. However, it does not decompose and return to psychological or social phenomena like social sciences. In addition, with the emergence of religious pluralism, the climate of focusing on similarities between religions has already been accomplished to some degree. Furthermore, it is worth noting that many spiritual movements in modern spirituality reveal mixed or amorphous characteristics without being restricted by specific religious membership. It is time to overcome instrumentation and restore the transcendence of its original appearance even in secular humanist reasoning. It can be said that this reveals the perception that the ills and crises of modern civilization should be overcome in connection with the opening of the acquired world of Daesoon Thought. It could further be said that the main culprit of evil behavior is instrumental reason or degenerated reason rather than spirituality. Religion is the intellectual crystalline body of humankind and aims at human perfection and salvation. However, extremists in previous times amplified conflicts between religions and formed ideas suitable for their specific regions through different experiences. This generated mental rifts that proved greatly influential. At the time of initial inception, each religion confronted and fought other ideologies, but when the era of religious pluralism began, the necessity for inter-spiritual communication became urgent. It could be said that happiness is the realization of human spirituality by exploring the vision of humanism. In that case, the combined methodologies of comparative research and literature review reveal that the spirituality of Daesoon Thought would enable a humanism based on human dignity. This would be a path for seeking spirituality through human life and living as a true human being. Spiritual humanism as discussed through this study aims to share the problems of modern civilization and provide a critical view of modern civilization that shows the roots of prevailing thought are stuck in a Cartesian dualistic view of humanity and the world. The type of spiritual humanism to examined here focuses on a cosmotheandric vision by considering the spiritual return to Daoism via Daesoon Thought. This would treat human beings like heaven in alignment with Donghak ideology and honor the human dignity proposed by Daesoon Thought. It would also deliver sentient beings from suffering and to bliss in accordance with the aims of faith in Maitreya Buddha, and it would implement the Resolution of Grievances for Mutual Beneficence in fulfillment of Daesoon Thought.

Влияние стыковых дисклинаций на зарождение трещины при наведенном зернограничном проскальзывании

The nucleation of a microcrack in the grain junction of grains due to induced athermal grain boundary sliding under the action of stresses from the accumulation of virtual dislocations of planar shear mesodefect, stresses from junction disclinations and external stress is considered. It is shown that the existing criteria do not allow us to take into account the influence of the stress field of the junction disclination on the crack nucleation. A new energy criterion based on the concept of spontaneous crack nucleation of the minimum possible length for a crystalline body is proposed. Using this criterion, an analysis of the conditions necessary for the crack nucleation has been carried out. The dependences of the critical value of an external load required for crack nucleation on the strength of junction disclinations at different values of the parameters of the fragmented structure of material (the size of the boundaries of fragments and the strength of rotational-shear mesodefects) and the threshold stress of athermal sliding were obtained. It is shown that the presence of a sufficiently high-strength negative disclination at the grain junction can significantly facilitate the nucleation of a crack.

Geological Exploration, Landslide Characterization and Susceptibility Mapping at the Boundary between Two Crystalline Bodies in Jajarkot, Nepal

The geology of the Himalayas is intricated and intriguing. It features numerous tectonic bodies and structures too complex to interpret. Along with such mysteries it has too many common geohazards, such as landslides. In this study, a detailed geological investigation is carried out to overcome the discrepancies in structural interpretation, the nature of two crystalline bodies, and non-uniformity in geological mapping in the central Himalayan arc, in the Jajarkot district of Nepal. Along with the geological exploration and landslide characterization of the area, consequent landslide susceptibility mapping is performed considering 13 causative factors related to geology, topography, land use, hydrology, and the anthropogenic factor, using two bivariate statistical models. This study concludes that the two metamorphic crystalline bodies in the study area are most probably the klippen, due to the absence or erosion of the root zone. The field study revealed that haphazard road excavation without the consideration of geological and geotechnical features has caused shallow landslides. The results obtained from the susceptibility maps, with a varying range of susceptibility zones, are in good agreement with the spatial distribution of pre-historic landslides. The results of the susceptibility modeling are validated by calculating landslide density and plotting area under curves (AUC). The AUC value for the WOE, and the FR method, revealed an overall success rate of 79.42% and 77.62%, respectively.

Insights into the geometry and evolution of the southern San Andreas fault from geophysical data, southern California

AbstractTwo new joint gravity-magnetic models in northern Coachella Valley provide additional evidence for a steep northeast dip of the Mission Creek strand of the southern San Andreas fault (southern California, USA). Gravity modeling indicates a steep northeast dip of the Banning fault in the upper 1–2 km in northern Coachella Valley. The Mission Creek strand and its continuation to the southeast (Coachella segment) coincide with the northeastern margin of a Cenozoic basin and are marked by prominent gravity and magnetic gradients that are consistent with these strands of the San Andreas fault having accommodated >160 km of right-lateral and 1–5 km of vertical displacement. These anomalies are best fit by a moderate to steep northeast dip. Such a geometry is further supported by seismicity, reflectivity, geodesy, and boundary-element modeling. We explore the possibility that these fault strands forming the margin of Coachella Valley were originally near vertical and have rotated into their present orientation by underplating of a localized high-velocity, lower-crustal prong within the Peninsular Ranges batholith. Reconstructions of San Andreas fault offset suggest that this crystalline body was translated into the San Gorgonio Pass area at the time of major fault reorganization at 1.1–1.3 Ma.

Radiation Exposure of Crystalline Bodies during Interventional Therapy and Related Research Status.

The aim of this study was to estimate the exposure dose level of ocular corpuscles during the common interventional procedures of interventional radiology workers. This article retrospectively analyzed the general instruments and equipment of interventional therapy, the general methods and steps of interventional therapy, and the influence of X-ray of interventional surgery. The related contents of eye protection for interventional radiology workers were summarized. This study found that there was a significant linear correlation between the equivalent dose of lens and the exposure time. The tube voltage, tube current, and the size of fluoroscopic field of vision also have an impact on the radiation of workers during surgical exposure. Interventional surgery is difficult and easy. The exposure time of difficult surgery is relatively long, so the dose received by interventional staff is large. The intervention staff should improve their professional knowledge, be proficient in the operation technology, and try to reduce the exposure without affecting the diagnosis and treatment effect. During the intervention operation, the eye substance of the operator is exposed to a certain dose of radiation, and the wearing rate of protective lead glasses of the intervention staff is very low. Therefore, we must pay attention to the protection of the eyes, strengthen the protection management, and reduce the exposure dose of the intervention staff as much as possible.

Shock induced melting of sapphire

The method for calculation the melting curves of crystalline bodies based on the Debye model of heat capacity and the Lindemann melting rule is proposed. Hugoniot shock adiabate, determined in dynamic experiments and thermophysical characteristics of the substance under normal conditions are used as input data. Mathematically, the calculation of the melting curveis reduced to the Cauchy problem for a system of ordinary differential equations. This system is solved numerically by the Runge-Kutta method. Using the proposed method, the melting curves of copper, silver, gold, and sapphire at high pressures are calculated. The results obtained for copper, silver and gold were compared with available calculated and experimental data to validate the method. Experiments on shock compression of transparent sapphire sampleswere performed, using a Mach-type cumulative explosive generators. Investigated pressure range (280-1350 GPa) covered a region of shock-induced melting. The temperature of shock front was registered by fast optical pyrometer together with shock velocity. Particle velocity andpressure were obtained by impedance matching technique. Satisfactory agreement of calculatedand experimental data on temperature of melting behind the shock wave front in sapphire was obtained.

Pathological Changes in Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Caused by Mixed Infection of Tobacco Mosaic Virus and Phytoplasma

Ocimum basilicum L. (a medicinal plant known as sweet basil) was investigated and showed disease symptoms, including mosaic mottling, leaf distortion, blistering, witches’ broom, and phyllody. The plants were found to be infected by both tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and phytoplasma. Positive TMV was indicated by serological identification using direct antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). Phytoplasma infection was identified molecularly using the phytoplasma P1/P7 primer pair and the nested primer, R16F2n/R16R2, which successfully generated a DNA band at ~1200 bp. The virus was successfully transmitted mechanically to Nicotiana tabacum, Datura metal, Datura stramonium, and Phaseolus vulgaris. Light and transmission electron microscopy showed pleomorphic phytoplasmas and rod-shaped particles (300 nm) of TMV, respectively. Histopathological and cytopathological studies revealed changes in the cell behavior of the infected leaves of sweet basil due to virus and phytoplasma infection. Hypoplasia and hyperplasia were observed in the mosaic areas of the mesophyll. Alterations in the vascular tissues and degeneration of the organelles were observed in ultrathin sections of the infected mesophyll. The presence of phytoplasma cells and crystalline bodies were indicative of the mixed infection. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a mixed infection of TMV and phytoplasmas in sweet basil.

Synthesis and characterization of hairy aminated nanocrystalline cellulose

HypothesisThe synthesis and characterization of aminated nanocrystalline cellulose (ANCC), a new member of the hairy nanocellulose family, is reported. Hairy nanocelluloses consist of a crystalline rod-like body with amorphous cellulose chains (“hairs”) at both ends, on which various functional groups can be accommodated. In ANCC these groups are reactive primary amine groups, which are useful for bioconjugation- and Schiff base-centered modifications. We hypothesize that a two-step oxidation-reductive amination of cellulose fibers followed by hydrothermal treatment will result in the formation of rod-like hairy ANCC. ExperimentsANCC was prepared by converting the aldehyde groups in cellulose, introduced by a periodate oxidation, to primary amines using ammonia and sodium borohydride, followed by a hot water treatment, during which diamine modified cellulose fibers were converted to ANCC. ANCC was characterized by AFM, TEM, DLS, ELS, FTIR, NMR, XPS and conductometric titration. Antibacterial activity of ANCC was assessed by the viable cell counting method. FindingsANCC, with an amine content of 5.5 mmol g−1 is a bare nanocolloid (i.e. non-coated, without adsorbed polyelectrolytes or surfactants) which, as far as we know, has a positive charge density larger than any other bare cationic nanocolloid. It was observed that ANCC particles have a needle-like morphology with a width of ~ 5 nm and a length ~ 120 nm. DLS results proof that ANCC is hairy. Spectroscopic analysis confirmed the introduction of surface primary amine groups. ANCC showed promising bactericidal activities, against Gram-negative species due to their thinner and penetrable cell wall.

Thermodynamic properties and algebraic solution of the N-dimensional harmonic oscillator with minimal length uncertainty relations

The algebraic solution of the deformed N-dimensional harmonic oscillator in the presence of a minimal length is determined. To reach this goal, we identify a hidden symmetry for the N free deformed harmonic oscillators. This allows us to algebraically determine the spectrum of the system. After determining the deformed partition function, we give some thermodynamics properties such as the mean energy, the mean free energy, the entropy, and the specific heat. The effect of the minimal length on all thermodynamic properties is very clear and considerable. In particular, from the curve of the entropy function no abrupt change has been identified for different values of the deformation parameter β. This means that the curvature observed in the specific heat curve does not present or indicate the existence of a phase transition. In the limit β = 0, the specific heat of a crystalline body is independent of the temperature and of the body considered for large values of the temperature.

Periarticular calcifications.

Periarticular calcification and ossification is a frequent finding on imaging and may sometimes pose a diagnostic challenge. The differential diagnoses for this radiological finding are wide and can be classified into broad groups such as idiopathic, developmental, trauma, burns, infection, tumor, connective tissue disease, crystalline, metabolic, vascular, and foreign bodies. With careful consideration of the clinical and imaging findings as well as awareness of mimickers of periarticular mineralization, the list of differential diagnoses can be narrowed down. This article aims to review the clinical-radiologic findings of periarticular calcified or ossified lesions with relevant imaging illustrations.

Briquetting of porous alumina-containing materials with organic binders

Waste from corundum production in the form of porous alumina sludge is a promising material for providing ferrous metallurgy with cheap alumina-containing slag-formers. However, the direct feeding of the pulverized materials to the steelmaking furnace generally results in a significant carryover of such materials with waste gases. This paper considers the possibility of making briquettes from porous sludge of corundum production by cold briquetting using various common binders (molasses, cement, powder based on polyacrylamide, emulsion based on polyvinyl acetate). A comparison of the features of cold briquetting of powdered porous materials (slimes from the production of electrocorundum) and dispersed crystalline materials (fines of chrome ore) was made. Experiments were carried out to determine the impact strength of briquettes on different binder (“cold” strength) and tests to determine the “hot” strength (by the “thermal shock” test method). The authors have determined the consumption of the binder required to obtain satisfactory characteristics of briquettes from corundum slimes and from chrome ore fines. A technique has been developed and a mechanism for the binding of particles of loose and crystalline materials has been determined during briquetting using polyacrylamide powder. The destruction of a briquette of loose materials occurs mainly along the grains of the most porous material, and briquettes of crystalline materials are destroyed along the boundaries of the grains glued with a binder. For porous materials, the binder consumption increases more than twice as compared to briquetting on the same binder crystalline bodies of a fine fraction, and the binder must necessarily impregnate the entire volume of the porous material.

Онтологическая кристаллизация устойчивого в культуре

The article analyses crystallization as a mechanism for the formation of cultural phenomena and types. The crystal metaphorically symbolizes the simplest mode of stability of all objects of existence. The characteristics of a crystal include a symmetrical, equilibrium, regular arrangement of elements in the structure of a solid. The essence, the identity of a crystalline body is determined by this structure, and not by the elements themselves, which in some cases can be arranged in a different order with the same elementary composition of matter, forming a different body. The crystallization of cultural traced the stages of Genesis (formation of identical culture) and further existence (repetition of the existing form in the process of growth) of the cultural system. The preservation of the cultural type can be traced in various sections of the space-time continuum: at the level of the people or nation, at the level of social stratification, at the level of ontogenesis.

Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease in Florida Is Associated With Disruption of Host–Zooxanthellae Physiology

Samples from eight species of corals (Colpophyllia natans, Dendrogyra cylindrus, Diploria labyrinthiformis, Meandrina meandrites, Montastraea cavernosa, Orbicella faveolata, Pseudodiploria strigosa, and Siderastrea siderea) that exhibited gross clinical signs of acute, subacute, or chronic tissue loss attributed to stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) were collected from the Florida Reef Tract during 2016–2018 and examined histopathologically. The hallmark microscopic lesion seen in all eight species was focal to multifocal lytic necrosis (LN) originating in the gastrodermis of the basal body wall (BBW) and extending to the calicodermis, with more advanced lesions involving the surface body wall. This was accompanied by other degenerative changes in host cells such as mucocyte hypertrophy, degradation and fragmentation of gastrodermal architecture, and disintegration of the mesoglea. Zooxanthellae manifested various changes including necrosis (cytoplasmic hypereosinophilia, pyknosis); peripheral nuclear chromatin condensation; cytoplasmic vacuolation accompanied by deformation, swelling, or atrophy; swollen accumulation bodies; prominent pyrenoids; and degraded chloroplasts. Polyhedral intracytoplasmic eosinophilic periodic acid–Schiff-positive crystalline inclusion bodies (∼1–10 μm in length) were seen only in M. cavernosa and P. strigosa BBW gastrodermis in or adjacent to active lesions and some unaffected areas (without surface lesions) of diseased colonies. Coccoidlike or coccobacilloidlike structures (Gram-neutral) reminiscent of microorganisms were occasionally associated with LN lesions or seen in apparently healthy tissue of diseased colonies along with various parasites and other bacteria all considered likely secondary colonizers. Of the 82 samples showing gross lesions of SCTLD, 71 (87%) were confirmed histologically to have LN. Collectively, pathology indicates that SCTLD is the result of a disruption of host–symbiont physiology with lesions originating in the BBW leading to detachment and sloughing of tissues from the skeleton. Future investigations could focus on identifying the cause and pathogenesis of this process.

Adaptive Optics Imaging in Patients Affected by Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum

To describe the retinal findings of patients affected by pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) using a multimodal imaging approach including flood-illumination adaptive optics ophthalmoscopy (AO). Retrospective case series. Patients affected by PXE were retrospectively studied. Clinical data, color, infrared and autofluorescence fundus imaging, optical coherence tomographic scans, and AO examinations were collected. Furthermore, the photoreceptor count was assessed. PXE diagnosis was confirmed by a positive skin biopsy and/or genetic testing. Twenty-one eyes of 18 patients (11 females and 7 males) were included in the study. In 3 patients, both eyes were studied. The mean age at examination was 37 ± 16.4 years (range 11-66) and the mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.1 ± 0.2 logMAR (range 0-1). We identified 3 types of angioid streaks (AS) using AO: "crack," "band," and "hypopigmented." The first 2 were very similar and they differed in size; the third type showed specific clinical features. Comet lesions appeared as hyper-reflective round lesions on AO imaging. In all eyes, the cone mosaic appeared reduced inside the streaks compared to the neighboring areas (13,532.8 ± 1,366.5 cones/mm2 vs 16,817.1 ± 1,263.0 cones/mm2 respectively). Using AO imaging in PXE-related retinopathy, we were able to observe the presence of the photoreceptors within the angioid streaks, differentiate 3 types of angioid streaks, based on size and reflective features, and identify the very small crystalline bodies not identifiable using other retinal imaging techniques.

The highly crystalline PET found in plastic water bottles does not support the growth of the PETase-producing bacterium Ideonella sakaiensis.

Ideonella sakaiensis produces an enzyme, PETase, that is capable of hydrolyzing polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic. We demonstrate that although I. sakaiensis can grow on amorphous plastic, it does not grow on highly crystalline plastic under otherwise identical conditions. Both amorphous film and amorphous plastic obtained from commercial food containers support the growth of the bacteria, whereas highly crystalline film and the highly crystalline body of a plastic water bottle do not support growth. Highly crystalline PET can be melted and rapidly cooled to make amorphous plastic which then supports bacterial growth, whereas the same plastic can be melted and slowly cooled to make crystalline plastic which does not support growth. We further subject a plastic water bottle to a top-to-bottom analysis, finding that only amorphous sections are degraded, namely the finish (threading), the topmost portion of the shoulder which connects to the finish, and the area immediately surrounding the centre of the base. Finally, we use these results to estimate that the percentage of non-degradable plastic in plastic water bottles ranges from 52% to 82% (depending on size), demonstrating that most of the plastic found in PET water bottles will not be degraded by I. sakaiensis.

The Origin and Mechanism of Formation of Hydrocarbon Deposits of the Vietnamese Shelf

This paper presents the results of studies of the main factors that are responsible for the formation conditions and localization of oil and gas deposits within the Cenozoic sedimentary cover and Pre-Cenozoic granite basement of the Vietnamese shelf. Our structural–tectonic model of the Cuu Long Basin allows the identification of the formation conditions of regional and local structures with hydrocarbon (HC) deposits, mechanisms of origin of HC traps and reservoirs, the genesis of HCs, including those occurring in the basement rocks, and the possible mechanisms of migration and accumulation of HCs in the basement rocks. Abundant traps are real or potential HC reservoirs in the crystalline basement body. The structural–tectonic processes in the basement resulted in origination and evolution of positive morphostructures (domes and protrusions), whose cores are filled by disintegrated (granulated) basement rocks. For the interpretation of chronothermobaric conditions of origination and evolution of HC sources, formation conditions, and principles of occurrence of oil and gas deposits at the Vietnamese shelf we conducted 3D modeling of the generation and accumulation HC systems using basin modeling in PetroMod program software (Schlumberger, Ltd., United States). The studies of HCs–biomarkers of oils of the deposits of the Cuu Long Basin including those located in the crystalline basement showed similar biomarker parameters of oils and organic matter, which is evidence of the organic nature of the oil deposits of the basement at the Vietnamese shelf.