Objective To explore the susceptible factors of fever and infection among hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients who received cryo-ablation (CA) therapy, and to propose intervention countermeasures accordingly. Methods The fever and infection status of totally 428 HCC patients who received CA therapy was examined systematically; then the influencing factors were analyzed by single factor analysis and logistic regression analysis; and finally, nursing strategies were proposed accordingly. Results Totally 229 patients developed fever (53.5%) , and 6 suffered from complicated infection (1.4%) after CA therapy; tumor size, CA area, Child-Pugh classification and preoperative leukocyte level were factors that contributed to the fever of HCC patients who received CA therapy. Conclusions We should attach importance to the susceptible factors of fever and infection among HCC patients who received CA therapy, and scientific intervention and nursing are the key to reducing the possibilities of fever and infection among patients who received CA therapy. Key words: Cancer, hepatocellular; Cryosurgery; Fever; Nursing care