Cruciferous Research Articles

Molecular Mechanism of Male Sterility Induced by 60Co γ-Rays on Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus).

Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) is one of the notorious pests causing substantial loses to numerous cruciferous vegetables across many nations. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is a safe and effective pest control method, which does not pollute the environment and does not produce drug resistance. We used proteomics technology and bioinformatics analysis to investigate the molecular mechanisms responsible for the effects of different doses of radiation treatment on the reproductive ability of male P. xylostella. A total of 606 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in the 200 Gy/CK group, 1843 DEPs were identified in the 400 Gy/CK group, and 2057 DEPs were identified in the 400 Gy/200 Gy group. The results showed that after 200 Gy irradiation, the testes resisted radiation damage by increasing energy supply, amino acid metabolism and transport, and protein synthesis, while transcription-related pathways were inhibited. After 400 Gy irradiation, the mitochondria and DNA in the testis tissue of P. xylostella were damaged, which caused cell autophagy and apoptosis, affected the normal life activities of sperm cells, and greatly weakened sperm motility and insemination ability. Meanwhile, Western blotting showed that irradiation affects tyrosine phosphorylation levels, which gradually decrease with increasing irradiation dose.

Insecticidal potential of a Consolida ajacis extract and its major compound (ethyl linoleate) against the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella

The diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) is one of the most destructive lepidopteran pests of cruciferous vegetables. However, DBM has developed resistance to current chemical and biological insecticides used for its control, indicating the necessity for finding new insecticides against it. Bio-insecticides derived from plant extracts are eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic pesticides. The aims of this study were to evaluate the insecticidal activity of Consolida ajacis seed extracts against DBM, the underlying mechanism of the control effect of promising extracts, and the identification of the main insecticidal compounds of these extracts. The results showed that ethyl acetate extract of C. ajacis seed exhibited strong contact toxicity (LC50: 5.05 mg/mL), ingestion toxicity, antifeedant, and oviposition deterrent activities against DBM, among the extracts evaluated. At 72 h, glutathiase, acetylcholinesterase, carboxylesterase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities were inhibited, but catalase activity was activated. The main compound identified from the extract was ethyl linoleate, which had the most significant insecticidal activity on the diamondback moths. This study's findings provide a better understanding of the insecticidal activity of ethyl acetate extract obtained from C. ajacis and its main component (ethyl linoleate). This will help in the development of new insecticides to control DBM.

Overexpression of chitinase PbChia1 from Plasmodiophora brassicae improves broad-spectrum disease resistance of Arabidopsis

ABSTRACT Chitinase plays an important role in plant resistance against chitin-containing pathogens through hydrolysis of chitin. Clubroot caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae is a major disease for cruciferous crops and vegetables worldwide. The cell wall of P. brassicae resting spores contains chitin. Chitinase is regarded as capable of improving plant resistance to fungal diseases. However, there has been no report about the function of chitinase in P. brassicae. Here, wheat germ agglutinin staining and commercial chitinase treatment demonstrated that chitin is a functional component in P. brassicae. In addition, Chitinase PbChia1 was identified by chitin pull-down assay combined with LC-MS/MS. PbChia1 was found to be a typical secreted chitinase, which could bind chitin with chitinase activity in vitro. PbChia1 could significantly decrease the resting spores of P. brassicae and therefore relieve the severity of clubroot symptom, with a biocontrol effect of 61.29%. Overexpression of PbChia1 in Arabidopsis thaliana improved its resistance to P. brassicae, increased host survival rate and seed yield, enhanced PAMPs-triggered reactive oxygen species burst, MAPK activation and expression of immune-related genes. PbChia1 transgenic plants also showed resistance to other pathogens, such as biotrophic bacterium Pst DC3000, necrotrophic fungi Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Rhizoctonia solani. These findings indicate that chitinase PbChia1 is a candidate gene that can confer broad-spectrum disease resistance in breeding.

Screening of H2S donors with a red emission mitochondria-targetable fluorescent probe: Toward discovering a new therapeutic strategy for Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by various factors such as neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuronal apoptosis. Recent studies have shown that H2S supplementation reverses neuronal loss and mitigates motor deficits in PD patients through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, improved mitochondrial function and proautophagic. Therefore, the discovery and use of H2S donors may be an exciting and intriguing strategy for the treatment of PD. Herein, we report a red emission mitochondria-targetable fluorescent probe, Rho-H2S, which can specifically and sensitively detect H2S with a limit of detection of 62.5 nM. Bioimaging experiments have shown that the probe has excellent mitochondrial targeting and good imaging capabilities for the detection of exogenous and endogenous H2S in cells. More importantly, based on the Rho-H2S probe, we first confirmed the sulforaphane (SFN) among 15 glucosinolate and isothiocyanate compounds from cruciferous vegetables with an outstanding ability to release H2S and we further proved that SFN could alleviate the symptoms of PD in vivo. All results demonstrate that Rho-H2S could be an effective tool for screening H2S donors and can contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies for PD.

Behavioral, Electrophysiological, and Toxicological Responses of Plutella xylostella to Extracts from Angelica pubescens.

Plutella xylostella L. is a destructive pest affecting cruciferous vegetables, causing massive economic losses worldwide. Plant-based insecticides are considered promising insect control agents. The Angelica pubescens extract inhibited female oviposition, with an oviposition deterrence index (ODI) of 61.65% at 12.5 mg/mL. We aimed to identify the bioactive compounds in A. pubescens extract. The compounds from A. pubescens extract were analyzed using LC-MS techniques. The toxicity and behavioral responses of larvae and adults of P. xylostella to ten compounds were investigated. We found that the caryophyllene oxide and 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid inhibited female oviposition; the ODIs were 98.31% and 97.59% at 1.25 mg/mL, respectively. The A. pubescens extract, caryophyllene oxide, and 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid caused larval mortality, with LC50 values of 21.31, 4.56, and 5.52 mg/mL, respectively. The EAG response of females was higher than that of males under A. pubescens extract conditions, while the EAG response of males was higher than that of females in caryophyllene oxide and 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid conditions. The A. pubescens extract and caryophyllene oxide showed repellent activity against both female and male adults, while the 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid did not elicit any notable behavioral responses from P. xylostella adults. A. pubescens extract and caryophyllene oxide are potential insecticides, oviposition deterrents, and behavioral regulators against P. xylostella, and they could be potential candidates for the development of biological insecticides to control P. xylostella.

Raphanus sativus functional potential: Impact of the analytical extraction technique on the bioaccessibility interpretation

AbstractRadishes (Raphanus sativus L.) are cruciferous vegetables with remarkable nutraceutical properties given their distinctive isothiocyanates (ITCs) profile. These compounds are formed after glucosinolates‐Myrosinase enzymolysis. Although it is important to characterize radishes' ITCs levels, it is also necessary to evaluate the bioactive compounds' physiological fate after radishes ingestion. To do so, the extraction techniques should adapt to such conditions of high aqueous environment. In this work, we studied the bioaccessibility of ITCs and indole‐3‐carbinol (I3C) in radishes taproots considering the analytical implications of this biological process. Results showed that ITCs and indole profiles in the radish's taproots after aqueous‐myrosinase hydrolysis followed by Dispersive Liquid‐Liquid Microextraction were distinctively different from other reports. After in vitro digestion, raphasatin showed the highest bioaccessibility despite its low quantitative yields. Notably, I3C and S‐Sulforaphene become promising phytochemicals, due to their bioaccessibility and their considerable remaining amounts after digestion.

Isothiocyanates as potential antifungal agents: a mini-review.

Cruciferous vegetables and mustard oil are rich in the glucosinolate group of molecules. Isothiocyanates are an important group of glucosinolate derivatives. These derivatives have various bioactive properties, including antioxidant, antibacterial, anticarcinogenic, antifungal, antiparasitic, herbicidal and antimutagenic activity. Previous studies indicate that regular intake of such vegetables may considerably reduce the incidence of various types of cancer. These studies have inspired studies where the bioactive agents of these plants have been isolated and explored for their therapeutic applications. The use of these bioactive compounds as antifungals could be a new therapeutic approach against human pathogenic fungi. Isothiocyanates have been studied for their antifungal activity and have the potential to be used for antifungal therapy.

The Effects of Natural Epigenetic Therapies in 3D Ovarian Cancer and Patient-Derived Tumor Explants: New Avenues in Regulating the Cancer Secretome.

High mortality rates in ovarian cancer have been linked to recurrence, metastasis, and chemoresistant disease, which are known to involve not only genetic changes but also epigenetic aberrations. In ovarian cancer, adipose-derived stem cells from the omentum (O-ASCs) play a crucial role in supporting the tumor and its tumorigenic microenvironment, further propagating epigenetic abnormalities and dissemination of the disease. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor derived from green tea, and Indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a histone deacetylase inhibitor from cruciferous vegetables, carry promising effects in reprograming aberrant epigenetic modifications in cancer. Therefore, we demonstrate the action of these diet-derived compounds in suppressing the growth of 3D ovarian cancer spheroids or organoids as well as post-treatment cancer recovery through proliferation, migration, invasion, and colony formation assays when compared to the synthetic epigenetic compound Panobinostat with or without standard chemotherapy. Finally, given the regulatory role of the secretome in growth, metastasis, chemoresistance, and relapse of disease, we demonstrate that natural epigenetic compounds can regulate the secretion of protumorigenic growth factors, cytokines, extracellular matrix components, and immunoregulatory markers in human ovarian cancer specimens. While further studies are needed, our results suggest that these treatments could be considered in the future as adjuncts to standard chemotherapy, improving efficiency and patient outcomes.

P20-016-23 Effects of an Apiaceous or Cruciferous Vegetable on the Infant Gastrointestinal Microbiota and MicroRNA Expression: A Randomized Control Feasibility Trial

P20-016-23 Effects of an Apiaceous or Cruciferous Vegetable on the Infant Gastrointestinal Microbiota and MicroRNA Expression: A Randomized Control Feasibility Trial

Allyl Isothiocianate Induces Ca2+ Signals and Nitric Oxide Release by Inducing Reactive Oxygen Species Production in the Human Cerebrovascular Endothelial Cell Line hCMEC/D3.

Nitric oxide (NO) represents a crucial mediator to regulate cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the human brain both under basal conditions and in response to somatosensory stimulation. An increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) stimulates the endothelial NO synthase to produce NO in human cerebrovascular endothelial cells. Therefore, targeting the endothelial ion channel machinery could represent a promising strategy to rescue endothelial NO signalling in traumatic brain injury and neurodegenerative disorders. Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), a major active constituent of cruciferous vegetables, was found to increase CBF in non-human preclinical models, but it is still unknown whether it stimulates NO release in human brain capillary endothelial cells. In the present investigation, we showed that AITC evoked a Ca2+-dependent NO release in the human cerebrovascular endothelial cell line, hCMEC/D3. The Ca2+ response to AITC was shaped by both intra- and extracellular Ca2+ sources, although it was insensitive to the pharmacological blockade of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1, which is regarded to be among the main molecular targets of AITC. In accord, AITC failed to induce transmembrane currents or to elicit membrane hyperpolarization, although NS309, a selective opener of the small- and intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels, induced a significant membrane hyperpolarization. The AITC-evoked Ca2+ signal was triggered by the production of cytosolic, but not mitochondrial, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and was supported by store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). Conversely, the Ca2+ response to AITC did not require Ca2+ mobilization from the endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes or mitochondria. However, pharmacological manipulation revealed that AITC-dependent ROS generation inhibited plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA) activity, thereby attenuating Ca2+ removal across the plasma membrane and resulting in a sustained increase in [Ca2+]i. In accord, the AITC-evoked NO release was driven by ROS generation and required ROS-dependent inhibition of PMCA activity. These data suggest that AITC could be exploited to restore NO signalling and restore CBF in brain disorders that feature neurovascular dysfunction.

Cruciferous Vegetable Intake and Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Introduction: The relationship between cruciferous vegetables and prostate cancer (PCa) risk remains contentious. This study aimed to assess the association between consuming cruciferous vegetables and PCa risk. Methods: We carried out a systematic search through PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library until September 20, 2022. The results of the article will be analyzed using the Stata 14 software. This meta-analysis was reported as directed by the PRISMA guidance, and the study protocol was recorded in PROSPERO (CRD42022361556). Results: 7 case-control studies and 9 cohort studies were eventually included, including 70,201 PCa cases and 1,264,437 members. The higher the intake of cruciferous vegetables, the lower the risk of PCa. In comparison to the lowest dose of cruciferous vegetables, the overall relative risk (RR) of cruciferous vegetables having the highest dose was 0.87 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.80–0.95; I2 = 59.2%). A significant linear trend (p = 0.002) was observed for the association, with a combined RR of 0.955 (95% CI: 0.928–0.982) for every 15 g of cruciferous vegetables per day. Conclusions: The study revealed that consumption of cruciferous vegetables may be linked to reduced PCa risk.

The effect of LED light quality on the carotenoid metabolism and related gene expression in the genus Brassica

BackgroundNew vegetable production systems, such as vertical farming, but also well-established in-door production methods led to the implementation of light emitting diodes (LEDs). LEDs are the most important light sources in modern indoor-production systems and offer the possibility for enhancing growth and specific metabolites in planta. Even though the number of studies investigating the effects of LED lighting on vegetable quality has increased, the knowledge about genus variability is limited. In the present study, the effect of different LED spectra on the metabolic and transcriptional level of the carotenoid metabolism in five different Brassica sprouts was investigated. Cruciferous vegetables are one of the main food crops worldwide. Pak choi (Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis), cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis), Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis), green kale (Brassica oleracea ssp. sabellica) and turnip cabbage (Brassica oleracea spp. gongylodes) sprouts were grown under a combination of blue & white LEDs, red & white LEDs or only white LEDs to elucidate the genus-specific carotenoid metabolism.ResultsGenus-specific changes in plant weight and on the photosynthetic pigment levels as well as transcript levels have been detected. Interestingly, the transcript levels of the three investigated carotenoid biosynthesis genes phytoene synthase (PSY), β-cyclase (βLCY) and β-carotene hydroxylase (βOHASE1) were increased under the combination of blue & white LEDs in the majority of the Brassica sprouts. However, only in pak choi, the combination of blue & white LEDs enhanced the carotenoid levels by 14% in comparison to only white LEDs and by ~ 19% in comparison to red & white LEDs.ConclusionsThe effects of light quality differ within a genus which leads to the conclusion that production strategies have to be developed for individual species and cultivars to fully benefit from LED technology.

Urinary 2- to 16α-hydroxyestrone ratio did not change with cruciferous vegetable intake in premenopausal women.

The mass ratio of urinary 2-hydroxyestrone to 16-α-hydroxyestrone (2:16) is hypothesized as a biomarker of breast cancer risk in premenopausal women, with higher ratios being theoretically protective. Cruciferous vegetable intake has been associated with higher urinary 2:16 in some studies. We investigated whether a whole-food supplement made from dried Brussels sprouts and kale would increase urinary 2:16 in comparison with placebo or cruciferous vegetables in women. This randomized, parallel arm, placebo-controlled, partly blinded study included 78 healthy premenopausal women (38-50 y) with screening urinary 2:16 ≤3.0. Subjects received either six capsules containing 550 mg dried Brussels sprouts and kale per capsule, 40 g daily alternating broccoli or Brussels sprouts, or placebo for eight weeks. Urinary 2:16 and creatinine were measured at baseline, four, and eight weeks. Intent-to-treat repeated measures-ANOVA with multiple imputation (n=100) for missing values identified no treatment effect (P=0.9) or treatment-by-time interaction (P=0.6); however, a significant time effect was noted (P=0.02). Per-protocol analyses including complete cases found no treatment effect (P=1) or treatment-by-time interaction (P=0.6); however, the significant time effect remained (P=0.03). Restricting analysis to subjects with >80% compliance maintained the time effect (P=0.02). Using Pearson correlations, android-pattern and android:gynoid fat were predictive of change (P≤0.05). In conclusion, neither cruciferous supplements nor an added vegetable serving altered urinary 2:16 in premenopausal women with eight weeks treatment. This ratio did vary with time, which is important for designing future trials.

Methotrexate and sulforaphane loaded PBA-G5-PAMAM dendrimers as a combination therapy for anti-inflammatory response in an intra-articular joint arthritic animal model

L-sulforaphane (LSF), a natural product developed from cruciferous vegetables, have shown potent anti-inflammatory effect in cancer as well as arthritis. However, the stable delivery of LSF remains a major challenge. Methotrexate (MTX) is currently the first line treatment for managing RA and is most effective in patients when used in combination with other anti-inflammatory or anti-rheumatic drugs. Here we developed phenylboronic acid-PAMAM dendrimer (PBA-G5D) nanoparticles conjugated MTX (MTX-PBA-G5D), and L-sulforaphane (LSF/PBA-G5D) loaded dendrimers. The MTX and LSF drug loading and release kinetics was analyzed using HPLC. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated macrophages were treated with the formulations to study the inflammatory response in vitro. For in vivo studies, arthritis was induced in five-week-old female Wistar rats, and the MTX- and LSF/PBA-G5-D were injected via intra-articular injection for treatment and the arthritis reduction was scored by weight, knee diameter, and serum cytokine level measurement. The average size of the drug-nanoparticle conjugates ranged from 135 to 250 nm, with mostly cationic surface charges. The encapsulation efficiency of the drugs to the modified dendrimer was more than 60% with a slow release of drugs from the nanoparticles within 24 h at pH 7.4. Drugs in the nanoparticle formulation were biocompatible, with promising anti-inflammatory effects in vitro against LPS-activated murine macrophages. Further in vivo studies on arthritis induced female Wistar rats, revealed significant anti-arthritic effects based on the arthritic scoring from the knee diameter reading, and anti-inflammatory effects based on the serum cytokine levels. This study provides a promising strategy for utilizing PAMAM dendrimers as a nanocarrier for LSF delivery for RA therapy.

Bioactive compounds in cruciferous sprouts and microgreens and the effects of sulfur nutrition.

Cruciferous sprouts and microgreens are a good source of bioactive compounds for human health since they are rich in glucosinolates, polyphenols, carotenoids, vitamins, etc. Sulfur-containing bioactive phytochemicals called glucosinolates are attractive to humans owing to its cancer chemoprevention. They mainly exist in cruciferous vegetables. Sulfur is one of the essential elements for plant and is also an indispensable component of glucosinolates. In this paper, the nutritional value of cruciferous spouts and microgreens is summarized, along with the effects of sulfur nutrition on bioactive phytochemical compounds of cruciferous sprouts and microgreens, especially glucosinolates. The review aims to provide nutritious information so that people may consume cruciferous sprouts and microgreens wisely, and to offer helpful cues for the research on cruciferous sprouts and microgreens products. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Large insertion in radish GRS1 enhances glucoraphanin content in intergeneric hybrids, Raphanobrassica (Raphanus sativus L. x Brassica oleracea var. acephala).

Glucosinolates (GSLs), precursors of isothiocyanates (ITCs), are present in Brassicaceae plants have been found to have health benefits. Sulforaphane (4-(methylsulfinyl)butyl ITC) is an ITC stored in the form of 4-(methylsulfinyl)butyl GSL (glucoraphanin, 4MSOB) in Brassica vegetables, such as broccoli and kale. Sulforaphane activates Nrf2 expression, a transcription factor responsible for inducing physiological activities such as detoxification in the human body, and it represents a functional component unique to cruciferous vegetables. Raphanobrassica is an inter-generic hybrid between radish and kale, and it contains a high amount of 4MSOB. However, Raphanobrassica contains as much 4-methylsulfinyl-3-butenyl GSL (glucoraphenin, 4MSO3B) as it does 4MSOB. GLUCORAPHASATIN SYNTHASE 1 (GRS1) is an enzyme present in radish that synthesizes 4-methylthio-3-butenyl GSL (glucoraphasatin, 4MT3B), a precursor of 4MSO3B, using 4-(methylthio)butyl GSL (glucoerucin, 4MTB) as a substrate. Since the precursor of 4MSOB is also 4MTB, it was considered that both 4MSOB and 4MSO3B accumulate owing to competition in Raphanobrassica. We hypothesized that owing to the impaired function of GRS1 in Raphanobrassica, it may be possible to breed Raphanobrassica cultivars containing a high 4MSOB content. In this study, we generated Raphanobrassica populations with functional and defective GRS1 and compared the GSL composition in the two populations using high-performance liquid chromatography. The mean 4MSOB content in leaves of the defective-type populations was higher than that in the functional-type population, and the defective/functional ratio ranged from 2.02 to 2.51-fold, supporting this hypothesis. Furthermore, leaves, flower buds, stems, and roots contained higher amounts of 4MSOB in the defective population than in the functional population. The leaf 4MSOB content of defective Raphanobrassica grown in this study was comparable to that of previously studied vegetables (such as broccoli sprouts) with high 4MSOB content. Raphanobrassica with defective GRS1 represents a new leafy vegetable with high 4MSOB content which exhibits anti-cancerous and anti-inflammatory potentials.

Electroantennogram and behavioural responses of Plutella xylostella to volatiles from the non‐host plant Mentha spicata

AbstractPlutella xylostella Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) is one of the most important pests of cruciferous vegetables. Mechanically damaged Mentha spicata Linnaeus (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) strongly repels P. xylostella adults; however, the repellent mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the repellent mechanism was explored based on the electroantennogram (EAG) and behavioural responses of P. xylostella to volatiles from the damaged M. spicata. First, the active volatile compounds in the headspace volatiles of damaged M. spicata were identified by gas chromatography‐electroantennographic detection (GC‐EAD) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Furthermore, the EAG and behavioural responses of P. xylostella to these compounds were investigated. The GC‐EAD results indicated that four compounds, 2,4‐dimethylheptane, 4‐methyloctane, 2‐methylnonane, and myrcene induced EAG responses in female antennae. 2‐methylnonane and myrcene elicited strong dose‐dependent EAG responses starting at a dose of 1 μg/μL. Choice tests in a four‐arm olfactometer showed significant repellent effects of the four compounds on P. xylostella adults at 100 μg/μL, and the repellent indices of 2,4‐dimethylheptane, 4‐methyloctane, 2‐methylnonane, and myrcene were 70.0%, 76.7%, 66.7%, and 73.3% to mated females, respectively. Finally, oviposition repellence assays showed that female adults were significantly repelled by these compounds, and the oviposition repellent index for myrcene was 23.9%. 2,4‐dimethylheptane, 4‐methyloctane, 2‐methylnonane, and myrcene mediate the repellence of wounded M. spicata to P. xylostella adults, suggesting that the four compounds contribute towards developing behavioural regulators of this important pest.

A Pilot Intervention Designed to Increase Cruciferous Vegetable Intake to Reduce Bladder Cancer Recurrence and Progression

Study Purpose: Bladder cancer is one of the top 10 most common cancers in the US and is the most expensive cancer to treat. The majority of bladder cancers (70–80%) are diagnosed at early stages as non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), which can be removed surgically. However, 50–80% of NMIBC recurs within 5 years, and 15–30% progresses with poor survival. Current treatment is limited. Preclinical and epidemiologic evidence suggests that dietary isothiocyanates (ITCs) in cruciferous vegetables could be a non-invasive and cost-effective strategy to improve NMIBC prognosis. Thus, the purpose of our study was to develop and pilot test a cruciferous vegetable intervention designed to increase ITC exposure in NMIBC survivors. Methods: We used a blinded 2-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) to test the preliminary efficacy of a 6-month cruciferous vegetable intervention for NMIBC survivors. The intervention consisted of mailed materials, a live phone-call to review the materials, and 11 Interactive Voice Responses calls. Three-day urine samples, 3-day dietary recalls, and survey data were collected at baseline and 6-months. Two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used for between-group comparisons. Results: Forty-nine NMIBC patients diagnosed in 2018–2019 were randomized and 42 (22 treatment, 20 control) were retained for 6-month follow-up. Participants were mostly male (71.4%) and White (90.5%), with an average age of 67.4 years. Compared to the control, the treatment group reported 35.0 g (95% CI: −14.9, 85.0; P = 0.014) higher Cruciferae intake (treatment = 58.6 ± 54.5 g vs. control = 23.6 ± 96.1g) and increased urinary ITC levels by 11.1 μmol/g creatinine (treatment = 14.2 ± 24.5 vs. control = 3.1 ± 13.9, P = 0.027) at 6-month follow-up. Conclusion: Our behavioral cruciferous vegetable intervention is the first to significantly increase cruciferous vegetable intake and ITC levels in NMIBC survivors. Our evidence-based dietary intervention has the potential to offer an affordable, scalable option for NMIBC survivors to reduce their risk of recurrence and improve outcomes.

Risk of MGUS, a multiple myeloma precursor, in relation to food and beverage intake in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

e20062 Background: Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is a plasma cell disorder (PCD) with a prevalence of 3% in adults over age 50. The annual risk of progression to multiple myeloma (MM) is 1%. Although one cohort study in Caucasians reported that diets low in certain plant-based foods were associated with MGUS (Thordardottir et al. 2018), research on diet and MGUS in a more diverse population is scarce. Given that diet can vary greatly across ethnic/racial groups, we conducted a population-based study with multiple races and ethnicities. Methods: Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we conducted a case-control study in 373 individuals with MGUS and 1,406 controls frequency matched on age, body mass index, NHANES cycle, sex, and race. Diet was characterized by one 24-hour dietary recall, with gram intake of individual foods and beverages aggregated into groups. MGUS status was determined by blood screening. Unconditional multivariable logistic regressions were used to model associations between MGUS and intake, with odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals reported for the highest quantile of intake. Results: Daily intake of several food and beverage groups were significantly associated with MGUS, low-risk MGUS (LRMGUS) or intermediate/high-risk MGUS (IHRMGUS). Whole-grain bread, oats, and rice; fruits and vegetables; tomatoes; and cruciferous vegetables were associated with significantly lower risk (28-78%). Sugar- and artificially sweetened beverages were associated with significantly higher risk (34-113%). Interestingly, there were more significant findings for LRMGUS than IHRMGUS, suggesting potential contributing etiologic differences for LRMGUS and IHRMGUS. Conclusions: Our study shows that low intake of whole grains, fruits and vegetables and high intake of sweetened beverages are associated with MGUS. The identification of dietary risk factors for MGUS in a diverse population is of direct public health relevance. These findings also provide rationale for exploration of mechanistic links between diet and PCDs, such as the ongoing studies NCT04920084, NCT05640843, and NCT05312255. [Table: see text]

Can epigenetic treatments efficiently revoke the ability of 3D ovarian cancer cells to proliferate, migrate, and invade?

e17562 Background: 3D ovarian cancer propagation and metastasis arise not only from genetic mutations, but from aberrant epigenetic modifications known to involve mechanisms of DNA methylation and histone deacetylation. Clinically, cancer induces epigenetic aberrations in adipose-derived stem cells from omentum (O-ASCs), creating a tumorigenic microenvironment that supports chemoresistance and dissemination of disease. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor derived from green tea, and Indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a histone deacetylase inhibitor from cruciferous vegetables, carry promising effects in reprograming aberrant epigenetic modifications in cancer. Therefore, we investigate whether these diet-derived compounds can suppress proliferation, migration and invasion of ovarian cancer in 3D-spheroids or 3D-organoids with O-ASCs when compared to synthetic Panobinostat (Pano) and cisplatin/paclitaxol (C/T). Methods: 3D ovarian cancer spheroids and organoids (30% O-ASCs) were treated with EGCG (10, 50 µm), I3C (50, 200 µm), Pano (5, 15 µm) and C/T. Percent growth was followed for 17 days and compared to an untreated control group. Post-treated cancer was then derived from 3D structures and tested for its ability to regrow (MTT assay), to form colonies (CFU), and to migrate and invade (CytoSelect Cell Migration and Invasion assay). Results: Our results show that higher doses of epigenetic regimens more efficiently suppress growth of 3D ovarian cancer when compared to the control and C/T groups (p<.05). Additionally, the synthetic epigenetic drug Pano also efficiently suppressed cancer as compared to control and C/T treated cells (p<.05). Given that experimental treatments efficiently down-regulated 3D cancer growth, follow up of post-treatment cancer recovery was analyzed through multiple biochemical and biological assays. 3D derived cells pre-treated with EGCG, I3C and Pano had significant lower proliferation capacity as compared to control or C/T as demonstrated by an MTT assay (p<.05). While all epigenetic treatments inhibited CFU in the spheroid derived group, EGCG was not able to fully inhibit CFU in the organoid group. Further, inhibition of CFU was not noted in the C/T pre-treated cells. Finally, the ability of cells to migrate and invade following treatment was more efficiently suppressed in cells derived from organoids. I3C and Pano significantly suppressed cancer migration, while EGCG and Pano suppressed invasion (p<.05). Conclusions: Diet-derived epigenetic treatments can reprogram epigenetic aberrations involved in mechanisms of proliferation, migration and invasion of 3D ovarian cancer. Our results suggest that these treatments not only suppress 3D cancer growth and post-treatment regrowth, but could be considered as adjuncts to standard chemotherapy, improving efficiency and patient outcomes.