Pineapple Crown Research Articles

Cost-Effective Optimization of the Transfructosylation Activity of an Invertase Produced from Aspergillus carbonarius PC-4 Using Pineapple Crown and Determination of Its Biochemical Properties

Fructooligosaccharides are prebiotic sugars that are widely used in the production of functional foods, which can be produced enzymatically by the transfructosylation reaction of sucrose. This work aimed to optimize the production of an invertase with high transfructosylation activity from Aspergillus carbonarius PC-4 using pineapple crown as the inducer substrate and evaluate its biochemical properties. The culture medium was optimized using a Plackett–Burman experimental design and a central composite rotatable design, resulting in a maximum transfructosylation activity of 65.33 U/mL at 72 h of cultivation. The cultivation parameters were Yp/s = 1070.75 U/g and PP = 2771.48 U/h, which showed an increase of 5.2-fold in the enzyme produced. The optimum temperature (50 °C) and pH (5.0) for the enzymatic activity were obtained by a CCR design. The enzyme showed a half-life of 60 min at 40 °C. In conclusion, the invertase produced from A. carbonarius PC-4 using agro-industrial waste (pineapple crown) and an inorganic nitrogen source (ammonium nitrate) exhibits high transfructosylation activity that can be used as a potential source for the production of fructooligosaccharides.

FORMULATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY TEST OF THE PREPARATION CROWN ETHANOL EXTRACT SHOWER GEL PINEAPPLE (Apineapple comosus (L.) Merr) AGAINST BACTERIA Staphylococcus aureus

Antibacterial bath soap is in great demand by the public. This is because it is believed to cleanse the skin and can also treat or prevent diseases caused by bacteria. One of the natural ingredients that are efficacious as a natural anti-bacterial is pineapple crown. Pineapple crown extract has secondary metabolites namely alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and triterpenoids/steroids. The purpose of this study was to determine the formulation of liquid bath soap preparations with the use of pineapple crown ethanol extract (ananas comosus (l.) Merr) as liquid bath soap and to determine the potential of pineapple crown ethanol extract liquid bath soap (ananas comosus (l.) Merr) to have antibacterial properties against staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The type of research carried out is an experimental method. The work procedure consists of sample preparation, sample identification, simplisia making, characteristic examination, phytochemical screening, extract making, making liquid shower soap preparations, evaluating liquid shower soap preparations and antibacterial activity tests against staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Pineapple crown ethanol extract is formulated in a shower soap preparation whose formulation uses concentrations of 3%, 5% and 7%. The results of the characterization of pineapple crown simplisia showed a moisture content of 9.50%, water-soluble juice content of 19.88%, soluble juice content in ethanol 13.30%, total ash content of 6.76%, acid insoluble ash content of 1.19%. The results of phytochemical screening testing show pineapple crown contains alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, triterpenoids/steroids.

A sustainable bioprocess technology for producing food-flavour (+)-γ-decalactone from castor oil-derived ricinoleic acid using enzymatic activity of Candida parapsilosis: Scale-up optimization and purification using novel composite

Ricinoleic acid (RA) from castor oil was employed in biotransformation of peach-flavoured γ-decalactone (GDL), using a Candida parapsilosis strain (MTCC13027) which was isolated from waste of pineapple crown base. Using four variables—pH, cell density, amount of RA, and temperature—the biotransformation parameters were optimized using RSM and BBD. Under optimized conditions (pH 6, 10 % of microbial cells, 10 g/L RA at 28°C), the conversion was maximum and resulted to 80 % (+)-GDL (4.4 g/L/120 h) yield in shake flask (500 mL). Furthermore, optimization was achieved by adjusting the aeration and agitation parameters in a 3 L bioreactor, which were then replicated in a 10 L bioreactor to accurately determine the amount of (+)-GDL. In bioreactor condition, 4.7 g/L (>85 %) of (+)-GDL is produced with 20 % and 40 % dissolved oxygen (1.0 vvm) at 150 rpm in 72 h and 66 h, respectively. Further, a new Al-Mg-Ca-Si composite column-chromatography method is developed to purify enantiospecific (+)-GDL (99.9 %). This (+)-GDL is 100 % nature-identical as validated through 14C-radio-carbon dating. Thorough chemical investigation of enantiospecific (+)-GDL is authenticated for its use as flavour. This bioflavour has been developed through a cost-effective biotechnological process in response to the demand from the food industry on commercial scale.

Novel DES- ultrasonication assisted process for nanocellulose synthesis using Box Behnken design

This study aimed to synthesize nanocellulose (NC) from sugarcane bagasse (SCB) and pineapple crown leaves (PCLs) with the use of the DES-ultrasonication technique. The Box Behenken design (BBD) was used as a design of experiment to explain the effects of parameters on the NC yield. The independent variables varied in this study were reaction temperature (80, 95, 110 °C), time (2, 4, and 6 h), and DES 2 ratio (1:1, 2:1, 3:1). A high yield of NCs was obtained from SCB and PCLs through a DES- ultrasonication process. The maximum yield of 76.91 % was obtained at the reaction temperature, reaction time, and DES ratio of 95 °C, 4 h, and 2:1 respectively for SCB-derived NC. In the case of PCLs, the maximum yield of NC of 69 % resulted from the reaction temperature, reaction time, and DES ratio of 80 °C, 4 h, and 3:1. The yield for both raw materials differed due to the structural variations. NCs obtained from SCB and PCLs exhibited a higher crystallinity index of about 58.10 and 62.07 %, slightly higher than reported studies. SEM images showed the rod-like structures of synthesized NCs. The thermal stability of both the synthesized NCs increased compared to raw materials. Hence, due to their high thermal stability and crystallinity, the synthesized NCs can be suitable for reinforcement polymer composite applications.

Removal of methylene blue (MB) from polluted water by using eco-friendly dragon fruit peels and pineapple crown leaves

Abstract Dye is a widely used product in many industries that produce coloured goods. The by-product discharge after the colouring process finishes will contribute to dye pollution in wastewater thus polluting the water bodies nearby the areas of discharge. To treat the pollution due to dye like methylene blue (MB), adsorption is the most common treatment where natural adsorbents like dragon fruit peels (DFP) and pineapple crown leaves (PCL) have the potential to do so. The physical characterization of the DFP, and PCL was then analysed by scanning electron microscope. Batch adsorption experiment was adopted where the hybrid adsorbents of DFP and PCL were recorded successfully removed 84 to 92 percent of MB at 140 minutes. The removal was determined by using two different parameters which were varied dosage and contact hour. Adsorption isotherm models such as Langmuir and Freundlich Isotherm were being used along with kinetic analysis, Pseudo-First and Pseudo Second order in this study. At the end of this study shows that natural adsorbents such as DFP and PCL can be one of the alternatives to treat water pollution due to effluents from industry in the wastewater at the treatment plan.

Propagation of pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) embryogenic cell suspension is regulated by LEAFY COTYLEDON1 gene AcoLEC1–1

Pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) is an important tropical fruit. Traditional breeding methods take about 15 years, but transgenic breeding using embryogenic cell suspension (ECS) can significantly shorten this cycle. Four different calli types were produced using the pineapple crown's middle stem part as an explant: water-like, solid, gemmiform, and crisp. The fastest multiplication was observed in suspension cultures obtained from the loose, crispy, granular, white, or yellow callus. The highest cell density in the liquid medium was achieved with MS+1.5 mg/L+4 mg/L6-BA+300 mg/L hormone combination. Inclusion of 11 mmol/L 2-morpholinoethanesulfonic acid (MES) stabilized the medium pH. The optimum sucrose concentration for pineapple propagation using ECS was 5 g/L. The expression of seven proteins in ECS in the medium containing 5 g/L sucrose was more than 5.0 times higher than in the medium containing 3 g/L. The expression of transcription factor NFYB/HAP3 (or LEAFY COTYLEDON1, LEC1) was the highest in the medium. The most prevalent AcoLEC1–1 transcripts were found in the embryogenic callus, and their patterns correlated well with ECS volume. AcoLEC1–1 played a key role in the process of sucrose-regulated ECS propagation.

Investigating a hybrid approach for harvesting nanofibrillated cellulose from agricultural byproducts: sugarcane bagasse and pineapple crown leaves

Investigating a hybrid approach for harvesting nanofibrillated cellulose from agricultural byproducts: sugarcane bagasse and pineapple crown leaves

PEMBUATAN BIOETANOL DARI MAHKOTA BUAH NANAS VARIETAS CAYANE DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE

The scarcity of petroleum resources or other fuel sources encourages efforts to find alternative energy, namely Bioethanol. Alternative raw materials that can be utilised in the manufacture of bioethanol from biomass are pineapple crowns. Making Bioethanol from Pineapple Fruit Crown Cayane Variety by Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae Microbes is by varying the weight of yeast and the optimum fermentation time on the level of bioethanol produced. In this study using NaOH 1.5%w to degrade the lignin content in the crown of pineapple varieties cayane and H2SO4 2%v to convert cellulose into glucose. The research used variations in yeast weight of 7.5%; 10%; 12.5%w and variations in fermentation time of 2; 3; 4; 5 days in the fermentation process. While the purification process uses simple distillation with operating conditions 78oC-80oC for 2.5 -4 hours. Bioethanol obtained was tested for refractive index and gask romatography (GC). The test results obtained the optimum weight of yeast is 12.5 grams at 3 days fermentation time with bioethanol content of 6.154%.

Preparation, characterization, and evaluation of ketoconazole-loaded pineapple cellulose green nanofiber gel

The present study involves the isolation of cellulose nanofibers from pineapple crown waste by a combined alkali-acid treatment method. The extracted pineapple nanofibers were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering. The extracted pineapple nanofibers were then incorporated in Carbopol 934P containing ketoconazole to prepare a ketoconazole-loaded pineapple nanofibrous gel. The prepared gel formulation was evaluated for viscosity, spreadability, extrudibility, pH, drug content, and texture profile analysis. The anticipated gel formulation was further evaluated by in vitro drug release (98.57 ± 0.58 %), ex vivo drug permeation, cytotoxicity, and histopathological studies. The permeation of the drug through skin determined by the ex-vivo diffusion study was found to be 38.27 % with a flux rate of 4.06 ± 0.26 μg/cm2/h. Further, the cytotoxicity study of pineapple nanofiber and ketoconazole-loaded nanofiber gel displayed no cytotoxic on healthy vero cells in the concentration range from 10 to 80 μg/ml. The histopathological analysis exhibited no signs of distress and inflammation. In conclusion, ketoconazole-loaded pineapple nanofiber gel could be considered as a promising delivery system for topical applications.

Sustainable utilization of pineapple fruit waste as a potential source of regenerated cellulose for the development of high-strength paper

Regenerated cellulose (RC) was prepared from pineapple crown waste fiber (PCWF) with a yield of about 45 %. The RC was blended with hardwood pulp (HP) to improve the mechanical properties of the paper. The composite paper with improved tensile index from 16.87 ± 0.75 NN mm/g to 28.98 ± 1.2 NN mm/g and burst index from 0.974 ±0 .083 kkPaPa mm22/g to 1.827 ±0 .153 kkPaPa mm22/g was developed by blending 20 % RC with 80 % HP. It was calculated that the production of one tonne of RC generates about 130 m3 of wastewater and it can be recycled after treatment with electrocoagulation technique. After wastewater treatment, chemical oxygen demand (COD) was reduced 84.8 %, total suspended solid (TSS) by 95.6 %, total dissolved solids (TDS) by 30.4 %, and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) by 95.8 %. Importantly, the recycling behavior by reusing/recycling the treated wastewater for the regeneration process was investigated and a yield of about 42 % of the RC was observed.

Effect of Auxin and Cow Urine as Nutrient Source on Pineapple Propagation through Crown in Soilless Culture under Protected Condition

The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of auxin and cow urine on rooting, survival and growth of pineapple through crown propagation with soilless culture under protected condition. The research was conducted in 2020 at the High-Tech Horticultural Park, College of Horticulture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, employing a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) as the experimental design. Eight treatments were implemented, including Control (T1), IBA 400 ppm (T2), IBA 600 ppm (T3), IBA 800 ppm (T4), NAA 600 ppm (T5), NAA 800 ppm (T6), NAA 1000 ppm (T7) and Cow urine 15 % (T8). The results of this experiment revealed that IBA 600 ppm had a notable impact on various growth parameters. It exhibited the highest percentage of rooted crowns (94.44 %), length of root (5.58, 8.26 and 11.08 cm) at 15, 25 and 35 days, respectively, length of leaf (13.35, 16.27 and 19.67 cm) at 15, 25 and 35 days, respectively, no. of leaves (70.58, 80.28 and 91.06) at 15, 25 and 35 days, respectively. Furthermore, IBA 600 ppm significantly influenced the fresh root weight (16.46 g), dry root weight (7.77 g), fresh shoot weight (136.33 g), and dry shoot weight (57.67 g). Additionally, IBA 600 ppm demonstrated the highest survival rate (65.91%) and the lowest mortality rate (24.09%). While T6 gave maximum no. of roots (70.58, 80.28 and 91.06) at 15, 25 and 35 days, respectively. T8 gave minimum days required for root initiation (2.67 days). The use of IBA at 600 ppm for a brief dipping period, along with the utilization of NAA at 800 ppm for enhancing root formation, and Cow urine at 15% for accelerated rooting, can be recommended for promoting successful pineapple crown propagation.

Isolation, characterization and evaluation of pineapple crown waste nanofiber gel entrapping ampicillin in topical bacterial infections

Isolation, characterization and evaluation of pineapple crown waste nanofiber gel entrapping ampicillin in topical bacterial infections

Effects of Auxin and Gibberellins Hormones on Regeneration of Pineapple Propagules from Crown Leaves (with Buds) in Kilifi County Kenya

Kilifi county has a large potential of over 2,000 Ha suitable for pineapple cultivation that has not been fully exploited due to lack of adequate clean planting material. Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of auxin and gibberellin hormones on regeneration of pineapple propagules from pineapple crown leaves (with buds). The study was carried out at Pwani University Crop Science farm. A randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement replicated thrice was used. Treatments included auxin and gibberellins hormones where the cut crown leaves (with buds) were dipped and planted at a spacing of 4 cm by 6 cm in plastic containers filled with coir dust. Five plastic containers were used for each hormone treatment. In each container, three plants were tagged for data collection. The plastic containers (the plots) measured 30cm by 36cm by 15cm height. Data collected from the tagged plants included, time to shoot emergence, plant height, leaf length and breadth, number of leaves per plant, final root length and final number of roots. These were used to determine effects of auxin, gibberellins on growth of the propagules up to a height of 15-20 cm. Obtained data was subjected to ANOVA analysis using Genstat Statistical software 14th Edition and means obtained compared using Tukey’s honest significant difference test (p < 0.05). The results indicated auxin treated propagules had 50.7%, 50.6%, 64.2%, 52.6%, 24.4%, 10.4%, 39.0%, and 9.9% higher final values of plant weight, shoot weight, dry shoot weight, fresh root weight, plant height, leaf number, root number, dry root weight and root length, respectively, compared to those treated with gibberellins. The study also showed that auxin treated propagules had their initial roots originating from the base of the seedlings, while gibberellins treated propagules had their initial roots originating from the base of the cut crown leaves.

Utilizing the lignocellulosic fibers from Pineapple Crown Leaves extract for enhancing TiO2 interfacial bonding in dye-sensitized solar cell photoanodes

AbstractThe crown leaves of pineapple possess a wealth of smooth and glossy silk medium-length fibers, primarily composed of cellulose and lignin, accompanied by constituents such as fats, waxes, pectin, uronic acid, anhydride, pentosan, color pigments, and inorganic substances. These fibers exhibit an anisotropic nature and are characterized by hydrogen bonding interactions, rendering them effective in conjunction with semiconductor oxide (TiO2) through their cellulosic fibrils. The dye extracted from Pineapple Crown Leaves (PCL) using ethanol was subjected to FTIR and UV–visible spectroscopy. The FTIR analysis revealed absorption peaks at 3268 cm−1 and 2922 cm−1, confirming the presence of –OH and –CH stretching attributed to the fibrils within the dye. UV–visible spectroscopy further demonstrated absorption within the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Additionally, a photoluminescence study of the dye showcased emission within the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum. Subsequently, a solar cell incorporating this dye underwent JV characterization, yielding an efficiency of 1.0034%, along with fill factor, open-circuit voltage, and short-circuit current density values of 0.40644, 0.7058 V, and 3.4906 mA/cm2, respectively. To gain deeper insights and facilitate optimization for large-scale installations, a simulation model utilizing PC1D was proposed to explore the influential parameters of the Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC).

Utilization of Ananas comosus Crown Residue Husk as a Sustainable Strength Additive for EPR/LDPE Blend Composites.

The utilization of waste generated by natural resources is a crucial problem nowadays. The current study describes the utilization of pineapple (Ananas comosus) crown residue husk (PCRh) as a strength additive for low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and ethylene propylene rubber (EPR) composites. The blend composites with 30% husk, 10 wt % EPR, and 60% LDPE content showed much better mechanical properties, such as tensile strength and flexural properties, than pristine LDPE and its binary composite with 10 wt % EPR. The high tensile strength (∼19.28 MPa) and tensile modulus (522.97 MPa) were obtained for the composite consisting of 30 wt % PCRh in the basic polymer matrix. Similarly, the highest flexural strength (∼18.09 MPa) and modulus (∼790.29 MPa) were recorded for the same composition. The incorporation of PCRh with LDPE and EPR was further characterized by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared, differential scanning calorimetry, field emission scanning electron microscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis, and a universal testing machine to evaluate its impact on various properties.

Formulation optimization of bionanocomposite film based on polyvinyl alcohol/glycerol/cellulose nanocrystal from pineapple crown leave fibers using response surface methodology

The current research is intended to optimize the formulation of bionanocomposite films produced from polyvinyl alcohol by adding glycerol (4–8%) and cellulose nanocrystals extracted from pineapple crown leaf (3–7%). The interaction between the bionanocomposite films characteristic, such as thickness, tensile strength, and elongation are determined using a response surface methodology with a central composite design. To show the practical relevance of the prediction model, the optimized bionanocomposite film composition required additional validation. Adding glycerol at 4% and cellulose nanocrystal at 3.52% was determined to be the film’s optimum parameters. Improved mechanical properties with a low thickness value and high elongation were found in the enhanced film formulation. The findings showed that an optimized bionanocomposite film formulation based on polyvinyl alcohol with glycerol and cellulose nanocrystals from pineapple crown leaves provided good model validation and could be utilized optimally in the food packaging application.

Production and characterization of paper made from pineapple crown leaves

Production and characterization of paper made from pineapple crown leaves

Postharvest treatments influenced the incidence of internal browning, phenol, ABA, AND GA3 contents of two pineapple clones

Phenol is an internal browning (IB) enzymatic reaction substrate and endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) used to suppress IB incidence in the Comte de Paris cultivar (Queen type). There is no information on the correlation between pineapple IB to endogenous total phenol content (TPC), ABA, and gibberellic acid 3 (GA3) after postharvest applications of decrowning. Therefore, this research aimed to analyze the relationship of IB incidence to total TPC, ABA, and GA3 after postharvest treatments of decrowning and coating in GP3 and MD2 pineapple clones. The structure was based on a completely randomized design with 3 factors, namely clone (GP3 and MD2), decrowning (crown and crownless), and coating [50 mg L-1 ABA, 1% chitosan, ABA+Chitosan mixture, and control (H2O)]. The results showed that the MD2 had a lower IB incidence and higher TPC than the GP3 stored at 7°C for 37 days. The increased TPC was positively correlated with IB incidence. TPC was also negatively correlated with ABA but positively with endogenous GA3 2 weeks earlier. Coating with 50 mg L-1 ABA and 1% chitosan on MD2 decreased IB incidence. Pineapple crown pruning decreased ABA and increased TPC, GA3, and IB incidence.

Mesoporous activated carbon derived from fruit by-product by pyrolysis induced chemical activation: optimization and mechanism for fuchsin basic dye removal

In this study, pineapple crown (PC) feedstock residues were utilized as a potential precursor toward producing activated carbon (PCAC) via pyrolysis induced with ZnCl2 activation. The PCAC has a surface area (457.8 m2/g) and a mesoporous structure with an average pore diameter of 3.35 nm, according to the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller estimate. The removal of cationic dye (Fuchsin basic; FB) was used for investigating the adsorption parameters of PCAC. The optimization of significant adsorption variables (A: PCAC dose (0.02–0.1 g/100 mL); B: pH (4–10); C: time (10–90); and D: initial FB concentration (10–50 mg/L) was conducted using the Box-Behnken design (BBD). The pseudo-second-order (PSO) model characterized the dye adsorption kinetic profile, whereas the Freundlich model reflected the equilibrium adsorption profile. The maximum adsorption capacity (q max) of PCAC for FB dye was determined to be 171.5 mg/g. Numerous factors contribute to the FB dye adsorption mechanism onto the surface of PCAC, which include electrostatic attraction, H-bonding, pore diffusion, and π–π stacking. This study illustrates the utilization of PC biomass feedstock for the fabrication of PCAC and its successful application in wastewater remediation.

High surface area activated carbon from a pineapple (ananas comosus) crown via microwave-ZnCl2 activation for crystal violet and methylene blue dye removal: adsorption optimization and mechanism

In this investigation, microwave irradiation assisted by ZnCl2 was used to transform pineapple crown (PN) waste into mesoporous activated carbon (PNAC). Complementary techniques were employed to examine the physicochemical characteristics of PNAC, including BET, FTIR, SEM-EDX, XRD, and pH at the point-of-zero-charge (pHpzc). PNAC is mesoporous adsorbent with a surface area of 1070 m2/g. The statistical optimization for the adsorption process of two model cationic dyes (methylene blue: MB and, crystal violet: CV) was conducted using the response surface methodology-Box-Behnken design (RSM-BBD). The parameters include solution pH (4–10), contact time (2–12) min, and PNAC dosage (0.02–0.1 g/100 mL). The Freundlich and Langmuir models adequately described the dye adsorption isotherm results for the MB and CV systems, whereas the pseudo-second order kinetic model accounted for the time dependent adsorption results. The maximum adsorption capacity (qmax ) for PNAC with the two tested dyes are listed: 263.9 mg/g for CV and 274.8 mg/g for MB. The unique adsorption mechanism of MB and CV dyes by PNAC implicates multiple contributions to the adsorption process such as pore filling, electrostatic forces, H-bonding, and π-π interactions. This study illustrates the possibility of transforming PN into activated carbon (PNAC) with the potential to remove two cationic dyes from aqueous media.