Number Of Crowns Research Articles

High-temperature stress in strawberry: understanding physiological, biochemical and molecular responses.

Heat stress reduces strawberry growth and fruit quality by impairing photosynthesis, disrupting hormone regulation, and altering mineral nutrition. Multi-omics studies show extensive transcriptional, post-transcriptional, proteomic and metabolomic under high temperatures. Garden strawberry is a globally cultivated, economically important fruit crop highly susceptible to episodic heat waves and chronically rising temperatures associated with climate change. Heat stress negatively affects the growth, development, and quality of strawberries. Elevated temperatures affect photosynthesis, respiration, water balance, hormone signaling, and carbohydrate metabolism in strawberries. Heat stress reduces the size and number of leaves, the number of crowns, the differentiation of flower buds, and the viability of pollen and fruit set, ultimately leading to a lower yield. On a physiological level, heat stress reduces membrane stability, increases the production of reactive oxygen species, and reduces the antioxidant capacity of strawberries. Heat-tolerant varieties have better physiological and biochemical adaptation mechanisms compared to heat-sensitive varieties. Breeding heat-tolerant strawberry cultivars involves selection for traits such as increased leaf temperature, membrane thermostability, and chlorophyll content. Multi-omics studies show extensive transcriptional, post-transcriptional, proteomic, metabolomic, and ionomic reprogramming at high temperatures. Integrative-omics approaches combine multiple omics datasets to obtain a systemic understanding of the responses to heat stress in strawberries. This article summarizes the deciphering of strawberry responses to heat stress using physiological, biochemical, and molecular approaches that will enable the development of resilient adaptation strategies that sustain strawberry production under global climate change.

Controlled Growth of Two-Dimensional SnSe/SnS Core/Crown Heterostructures.

We present a novel, straightforward, and reproducible one-pot heating up technique to synthesize core/crown SnSe/SnS nanosheets by a careful adjustment of the sulfur and selenium precursor reactivity. Here, the SnSe nanosheets are prepared via a wet-chemical route using SnCl2 and selenium phosphines. By adding a highly reactive S-oleylamine complex during the growth of the SnSe sheets at 240 °C, SnS crowns were formed within the SnSe sheets. The number of SnS crowns can be tailored upon repeated addition of S-oleylamine. A combination of transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy proves the formation of highly crystalline core/crown structures.

The effect of cessation of drinking water fluoridation on dental restorations and crowns in children aged 3–5 years in Israel – a retrospective study

BackgroundCommunity water fluoridation began in the 1945 as a public health measure to prevent and control caries and was implemented in Israel in 1981. Community water fluoridation reduced caries significantly, but in 2014, the Ministry of Health decided to stop Community water fluoridation in Israel. The aim of our study was to examine the effect of fluoridation cessation on the dental health of children aged 3–5, treated in “Assuta Tel Aviv” dental clinics, under general anesthesia or deep sedation.MethodsThe computerized Maccabi-Dent database provided data for this retrospective study. Records from the years 2014–2019 including treatment codes for procedures relevant to the study, the number of stainless-steel crowns and restorations of all types were examined. Kruskal-Wallis test was performed to compare the results from before and after fluoridation cessation.ResultsA statistically significant increase in the mean number of treatments in the years after fluoridation cessation (P < 0.05) was found. There was approximately a two-fold increase in the number of all treatments for all ages.ConclusionThe results of the study emphasize the advantages of water fluoridation and are further proof of the need to restore community water fluoridation in Israel.

Can silver diamine fluoride reduce invasive treatments with general anesthesia?

This study aims to retrospectively evaluate the differences in dental treatments rendered in general anesthesia (GA) for patients who did or did not receive application of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) prior to GA. 1559 patients (≤6 years) who completed treatment with GA for caries at University of California San Francisco (UCSF) between 2015 and 2019 were included in the study. At baseline patients' electronic health record was reviewed to collect planned treatment, complete dental treatment and demographics. Patients were identified as SDF group (N = 335, 21.49%) or comparison (N = 1224, 78.51%). Dental treatments rendered were compared between the SDF and comparison group with multi-variable regression, including variables for demographics and clinical findings at baseline. The initial analysis identified variations in gender, age, dental pain, pulp involvement, and initial treatment plans between the SDF and comparison groups at baseline. In an unadjusted analysis, the SDF group displayed a statistically significant increase in the number of crown procedures but a notable decrease in the number of pulp therapy and extraction treatments completed (p < 0.05). An adjusted multivariable model affirmed the inverse relationship between SDF application and completion of pulp therapy and extractions at the time of GA (p < 0.05). No significant association was identified with the total number of crowns needed and SDF. The model further indicated a positive correlation between the total count of pulp therapy and extractions completed with patient age and the wait-time for GA. In conclusion, pre-GA application of SDF to carious primary teeth is negatively correlated with completed pulp therapy and extraction. SDF application prior to dental treatment with GA may be a valuable tool to reduce invasive dental procedures in GA.

Evaluation of Chemical and Biological Products for Control of Crown Gall on Rose.

Crown gall is a soil-borne bacterial disease caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, leading to significant economic losses in many plant species. For the assessment of the biological and chemical products on crown gall, each plant's crown region and roots were wounded, and then were dipped into their respective treatments. After the treatments, the plants were inoculated with a suspension of pathogenic A. tumefaciens isolate FBG1034 and maintained in a greenhouse for six months to assess them for gall formation. A quantitative real-time PCR assay was performed to quantify the A. tumefaciens using the chvE gene. Biological products such as the Agrobacterium radiobacter strain K1026, and strains 1 and 2, resulted in the lowest average root gall diameter and significantly reduced the crown gall diameter to stem diameter ratio, and the chemical product copper octanoate reduced the number of crown and root galls as well as the crown and root gall diameter compared to the inoculated, non-treated control. Moreover, both the A. radiobacter strain K1026 and strain 1 treatments resulted in an approximately 85% and 65% reduction in crown and root gall incidence, respectively, in both of the trials compared to the inoculated, non-treated plants. The findings of this study indicate that the use of biological and chemical products could help to suppress crown and root gall disease in rose plants.

Seaweed Extract and Microbial Biostimulants Show Synergistic Effects on Improving Organic Strawberry Production

The application of seaweed extract and microbial biostimulants has been suggested as a promising approach to overcome yield-limiting factors in organic farming. Yet, information regarding their impact on organic strawberry production is limited. This 2-year field study evaluated the effect of seaweed extract and microbial biostimulants and their synergistic effects on strawberry plant growth, nutrient uptake, fruit yield, and quality under organic production. The biostimulant effects were compared on two strawberry cultivars: Sweet Sensation® Florida127 and Florida Brilliance. Over two seasons, the combination of seaweed extract plus microbial biostimulants applied biweekly consistently resulted in a significant increase of whole-season marketable and total strawberry fruit yields by 23% and 20% on average, respectively, compared with the no-biostimulant control. Application of either biostimulant alone did not consistently show positive effects on strawberry productivity. Modified strawberry root system architecture, enhanced N uptake, increased number of crowns, and higher soil respiration were observed in the biostimulant combination treatment in contrast to the no-biostimulant control. The biostimulant impact was not influenced by strawberry cultivar, but genotypic difference in yield performance under organic production was observed. ‘Florida Brilliance’ produced significantly higher total fruit number and yield than ‘Florida127’ by 26% and 12%, respectively, in the first season, and by 34% and 11%, respectively, in the second season. Marketable fruit number (by 18%) and yield (by 9%) of ‘Florida Brilliance’ were also higher in the first season, along with greater marketable fruit number (by 31%) in the second season. In addition, ‘Florida Brilliance’ showed significantly higher values of SPAD index, photosynthetic rate (early harvest), and fruit mineral contents based on dry weight (late harvest) than ‘Florida127’ in both seasons. Although the biostimulant treatments exhibited little influence on the fruit quality attributes including soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), SSC/TA, and total anthocyanin content, varietal differences were observed with significantly higher levels of SSC and lower contents of total anthocyanins in ‘Florida 127’ vs. ‘Florida Brilliance’ during each season. The benefits of combined application of seaweed extract and microbial biostimulants demonstrated in this study suggest the need to further elucidate their synergistic functions in promoting nutrient uptake and fruit yield in organic strawberry production systems under different soil and environmental conditions.

Far-red Light in Sole-source Lighting Can Enhance the Growth and Fruit Production of Indoor Strawberries

Strawberries (Fragaria ×ananassa) are being produced increasingly in indoor vertical farms, where the light quality of sole-source lighting is a primary factor that influences the outcomes of crop production. Far-red (FR) light (700–750 nm) has been shown to promote plant responses such as leaf expansion, biomass accumulation, and flowering in some long-day plant species. However, the impacts of including FR light in sole-source lighting on strawberries have not been fully understood. This study investigated the impacts of FR light on the growth and development of long-day strawberries ‘Albion’ and ‘Monterey’ in an indoor vertical farm. We hypothesized that the addition of FR light under a long photoperiod would promote leaf expansion, biomass accumulation, flowering, and fruit production in long-day strawberries. Bare-root strawberry plants were grown in a deep-water-culture hydroponic system at an air temperature of 22 °C and an 18-hour photoperiod using 90 μmol⋅m–2⋅s–1 of blue (peak = 455 nm) + 250 μmol⋅m–2⋅s–1 of red (peak = 660 nm) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with or without adding 50 μmol⋅m–2⋅s–1 of FR (peak = 730 nm) LEDs. After 5 weeks of lighting treatments, additional FR light increased the leaf area and shoot dry mass of strawberry ‘Monterey’ by 74% and 73%, respectively, and the number of crowns per plant of strawberry ‘Albion’ by 33%. However, FR light did not influence flowering time in either cultivar. Adding FR light increased the number of fruit harvested per plant by 36%, the total fruit yield by 48%, and the total soluble solids of fruit by 12% in strawberry ‘Albion’, but not in ‘Monterey’. In both cultivars, FR light did not affect the individual fruit mass. Our results suggest that the addition of FR light in sole-source lighting can promote leaf expansion, biomass accumulation, fruit yield, and fruit quality in at least some long-day strawberry cultivars.

Comparison of clinical outcomes between single metal-ceramic and zirconia crowns

Statement of problemEvidence comparing the survival of zirconia crowns with metal-ceramic crowns is sparse. Knowledge of their survival and a comparison of their clinical outcomes would improve clinical decision making. PurposeThe purpose of this university-based study was to compare the survival, failures, biological and technical complications encountered with zirconia and metal-ceramic crowns restored and followed up over a similar period. Material and methodsThis retrospective chart review consisted of 403 patients treated at the University of Toronto, Faculty of Dentistry, predoctoral dental clinic in whom zirconia (n=209) and metal-ceramic (n=306) crowns were inserted between September 2015 and July 2016 and followed for up to 7 years. Outcome measures included failure, causes for failure, and complications associated with survival. Inferential statistical analysis included the chi-squared test, t test, Mann-Whitney test, Bonferroni-adjusted z-test, Kaplan-Meier survival test, and logistic regression to examine differences between crown types and explore crown failures (α=.05). ResultsThe mean follow-up period was 3.00 years (median 2.58 years). Forty-one (8.0%) crowns had no follow-up, with no difference in follow-up between crown type: metal-ceramic n=23(7.5%), zirconia n=18(8.6%), χ²(1)=0.20, P=.652). Excluding those with no follow-up, the follow-up time between metal-ceramic (mean=3.07, median=2.58) and zirconia (mean=3.54, median=3.32) crowns was statistically similar (P=.052). There were 62 anterior crowns (12.0%) and 453 posterior crowns (88.0%), χ²(1)=22.40, P<.001, with no difference between groups. Overall, 44 crowns (8.5%) failed, 30 (9.8%) metal-ceramic and 14 (6.7%) zirconia, with no statistical difference in proportion of failed crowns between groups (χ²(1)=1.53, P=.216). There were 35 crowns with biological failures (6.8%), 26 (8.5%) in the metal-ceramic and 9 (4.4%) in the zirconia group, with no statistical difference between groups (χ²(1)=3.33, P=.068). Nine crowns had technical failures (1.7%), 4 (1.4%) in the metal-ceramic group and 5 (2.5%) in the zirconia group, with no statistical difference between groups (χ²(1)=0.73, P=.394). Biological (79.5%) rather than technical complications were found to be the most frequent cause of failure, goodness-of-fit χ²(1)=15.36, P<.001. Tooth fracture (50.0%) specifically was found to be the most frequent cause of failure, χ²(3)=21.27, P<.001. The total number of crowns that survived was 471 (91.5%); 276 (90.1%) were metal-ceramic and 195(93.3%) zirconia. The survival time (years) for metal-ceramic was mean=6.26, 95% CI [6.01–6.51] and for zirconia crowns mean=6.54, 95% CI [6.31–6.77]. Of the crowns that survived, 370 (78.6%) had no clinical complications, and 101 (21.4%) crowns demonstrated similar clinical complications, with no statistical differences between groups. ConclusionsWithin the study follow-up time, the survival of monolithic zirconia and metal-ceramic crowns was 91.5%, with similar clinical complications between groups. Biological complications, especially tooth fracture, were a significantly more frequent complication with both types of crowns.

Are Dentists Hypocrites? Oral Self-care Habits and Self-reported Oral Health Status among Dentists and Non-dentists in Croatia.

Dentists provide dental care to their patients and educate them on their oral hygiene and how to maintain oral health. This paper aimed to determine whether dentists are hypocritical when advising their patients on oral hygiene procedures and dental treatments because they do not apply to themselves what they recommend to others. This is a self-reported study conducted through an online survey questionnaire completed by 1001 participants, of whom 551 were non-dentists and 450 dentists. This is the first study on oral hygiene habits and oral status among dentists in Croatia. This research included almost 10% of the total number of working dentists in Croatia. In terms of dental hygiene habits, dentists brushed, flossed and used interdental brushes more frequently, and they also changed toothbrushes more frequently, whereas they attended check-ups less frequently. Dentists also reported a smaller number of teeth with cavities, a greater number of teeth with fillings, a greater number of extracted teeth, and a greater number of dental crowns, but a smaller number of healthy teeth compared to general population. However, dentists had a much higher proportion of participants over 30 years of age, and when sub-analysis of participants over 30 years of age was performed, dentists had a greater number of healthy teeth compared to the general population. The results showed that dentists are aware of the importance of their oral health and that they do not pay attention only to their oral hygiene habits, but also apply advice they give their patients. Therefore, they cannot be considered hypocritical.

The Role of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Spraying with some Elements on some Vegetative and Yield Characteristics of Strawberry Cv. Albion

This study was conducted at the research station of the College of Agriculture - University of Anbar during the agricultural season 2021 to study the effect of adding types of organic fertilizer (without addition, poultry manure, manufactured organic fertilizer) which are symbolized by (M0, M1, M2) respectively. The combination of the recommendation and half of the recommendation with spraying with a some elements that contains calcium, boron, zinc, magnesium, amino acids and molybdenum, and it was at 6 levels (T1 fertilizer recommendation without spraying, T2 fertilizer recommendation with growth stimulator spray 2.5 g L-1, T3 fertilizer recommendation with a spray of 5 g L−1, T4 is half recommended without spraying, T5 half recommended with spraying 2.5 g L−1 and T6 half recommended with spraying 5 g L−1) on some vegetative growth and yield characteristics of strawberry. The results showed that the addition of organic fertilizer and poultry manure gave the highest value in the number of leaves (80.82leaf plant−1), the number of crowns (7.328 crown plant−1), the leaf area (88.81 dm2 plant−1), and the leaf content of chlorophyll (333.69 mg 100 g weight fresh-1) and the weight of the fruit is (41.47 g fruit −1) and the total yield is (712.17 g plant −1).

Clinical Effectiveness of 3D-Milled and 3D-Printed Zirconia Prosthesis-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Additive manufacturing (three-dimensional (3D) printing) has become a leading manufacturing technique in dentistry due to its various advantages. However, its potential applications for dental ceramics are still being explored. Zirconia, among ceramics, has increasing popularity and applications in dentistry mostly due to its excellent properties. Although subtractive manufacturing (3D milling) is considered the most advanced technology for the fabrication of zirconia restorations, certain disadvantages are associated with it. A systematic review was piloted to compare the clinical performance of zirconium crowns that were fabricated using three-dimensional (3D) milling and 3D printing. A meta-analysis was performed, and studies published up to November 2022 were identified. The terms searched were "Zirconium crowns", "3D printing", "CAD/CAM" (Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing), "Milling", "dental crowns", and "3D milling". The characteristics that were compared were the year in which the study was published, study design, age of the patient, country, the number of crowns, the type of crown fabrication, marginal integrity, caries status, and outcomes. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to structure this systematic review. Out of eleven hundred and fifty titles identified after a primary search, nine articles were included in the quantitative analysis. The research question based on PICO/PECO (Participant, Intervention/exposure, Comparison, and Outcome) was "Do 3D-printed and milled (P) zirconia crowns and FDPs (I) have a better survival rate (O) when conventional prosthesis is also an option (C)"? The data collected were tabulated and compared, and the risk of bias and meta-analysis were later performed. Only nine articles (clinical research) were selected for the study. Since there were no clinical studies on the 3D printing of zirconium crowns, six in vitro studies were considered for the comparison. Zirconium crowns in the milling group had an average minimum follow-up of 6 months. A moderate risk of bias was found, and survival was significant. A high heterogeneity level was noted among the studies. Marginal integrity, periodontal status, and survival rate were high. Linear regression depicted no statistical correlation between the type of cement used and the survival rate. It can be concluded that the milled crowns had a higher performance and satisfactory clinical survival.

Before or after Planting? Mycorrhizal and Bacterial Biostimulants and Extracts in Intense Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) Production

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of a combination of several mycorrhizal and bacterial biostimulants, applied before and after planting, on the ‘Clery’ strawberry’s performance. Vegetative and reproductive parameters (the number of crowns per plant, root/canopy weight and dimensions, the number of fruits per plant, individual fruit weight, and fruit yield per plant) were monitored on nine harvest dates. Additionally, external and internal fruit quality (firmness, color, soluble solids content, and primary and secondary metabolites) was determined. The application of product combinations resulted in significantly improved vegetative growth, fruit dimensions, and fruit weight. Consequently, more than 30% higher yields were determined for the treated plants. A minor decrease in vitamin C (approx. 6%), total individual sugars (approx. 10%), organic acids (approx. 9%), and total phenolics (approx. 7%) was detected in the treated plants, but the differences were not uniform during the harvest. The accumulation of anthocyanins was least affected by product application, and the fruit exhibited comparable color characteristics, which is important for the consumers. The use of biostimulants in intense strawberry production is justified as the products improve the vegetative development of strawberry plants, which produce significantly more marketable fruit.

Optimizing Planting Density in Alpine Mountain Strawberry Cultivation in Martell Valley, Italy

Optimizing profitability is a challenge that strawberry farmers must face in order to remain competitive. Within this framework, plant density can play a central role. The aim of this two-year study was to investigate how planting density can induce variations in plant growth and yield performances in an alpine mountain strawberry cultivation (Martell Valley, South Tyrol, Italy), and consequently quantify the farm profit. Frigo strawberry plants cv. Elsanta were planted in soil on raised beds and subjected to five different planting density levels (30,000 and 45,000 as large spacing; 60,000 as middle spacing; 90,000 and 100,000 plants ha−1 as narrow spacing, corresponding to a plant spacing of 28, 19, 14, 9, and 8.5 cm, respectively). Our findings indicate that the aboveground biomass in plants subjected to low planting density was significantly increased by +50% (end of first year) and even doubled in the second year in comparison with plants in high planting density. Those results were related to higher leaf photosynthetic rate (+12%), and the number of crowns and flower trusses per plant (+40% both) (p &lt; 0.05). The low yield (about 300 g plant−1) observed in the high planting density regime was attributable to smaller fruit size during the first cropping year and to both a reduced number of flowers per plant and fruit size during the second year (p &lt; 0.05). Although the highest yield (more than 400 g plant−1) was obtained with wide plant spacing, the greatest yield per hectare was achieved with high planting densities (28 t ha−1 in comparison with 17 t ha−1 with low plant density level). However, the farm profit must take into account the costs (especially related to the plant material and harvesting costs) that are higher under the high planting density compared with the other density regimes. Indeed, the maximum farm profit was reached with a density of 45,000 plants ha−1 which corresponded to EUR 22,579 ha−1 (over 2 years). Regarding fruit quality, fruits coming from the low plant density level showed a significantly higher color index (+15% more red color) than fruits from high plant density (p &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, our results suggest that a middle planting density can be a fair compromise in terms of plant growth, yield, and farm profit.

The creation of an online grocery store for experimental purposes: A pilot study

More households shop for groceries online than ever in the United States. Thus, changes in online grocery store environments can affect the nutritional quality of food choices on a large scale. In response, we built a simulated online grocery store for experimental purposes. This paper describes the development of an online grocery store that displays actual products, brands, sizes, prices, pictures, and ingredient lists sold in current online grocery stores in the United States. We ran a pilot study to evaluate this research tool by calculating adherence and accounting for participants’ experiences. We assessed the impact of game elements (point scoring and a scoreboard) and different budgets on the nutritional quality of the food bundle in the final shopping baskets of participants (n = 654). Participants in the treatment group saw the nutritional quality rating system illustrated for each food item as 1 to 5 “crowns.” Ordinary least square regressions compared the nutritional quality of the final shopping baskets between experimental groups. Participants who saw the game elements selected food bundles with 2.53 (CI 95% [0.72; 4.33], p = 0.006) more crowns in their final basket. Receiving a high budget ($50) increased the number of crowns by 2.78 (CI 95% [0.66;4.90], p = 0.010) compared to a low budget ($30). We found no significant interaction between the game intervention and budget level. Participants noted that the store was intuitive to navigate, had a high-quality interface, and easily found the products they often buy. The game elements encouraged shoppers to make healthier food choices. Our simulated grocery store can help researchers gain insight into online consumer behavior by testing interventions.

Effect of Chitosan and Micro-Carbon-Based Phosphorus Fertilizer on Strawberry Growth and Productivity

High fertilization rates and pesticides are required for the intensive production of strawberries, which offer several therapeutic health benefits. Recently, chitosan (CHI), and phosphorus fertilizer based on Micro Carbon TechnologyTM (MCT-P) were applied to encourage strawberry sustainable production and enhance phosphorus-use efficiency. Field trials were conducted throughout 2020/2021 and 2021/2022, to evaluate the effectiveness of MCT–P and CHI in improving strawberry cv. Fortuna growth and yield as well as their quality. Foliar spraying of CHI and MCT-P considerably improved strawberry plant growth (i.e., plant height, secondary crown number per plant, leaf number and area per plant, and foliage fresh weight), photosynthetic pigment concentration (chlorophylla, chlorophyllb, and carotenoids), as well as its yield and quality (early fruit yield, total yield, average fruit weight, fruit firmness, fruit dry matter %, soluble solid content, total sugars (%), ascorbic acid, acidity, and anthocyanin). Compared to untreated plants, 1200 mgL−1 MCT-P and 1000 mg/L CHI supplementation was the most effective concentration for improving all studied characteristics. The interaction between CHI and MCT-P had a greater impact on all examined characteristics. It is recommended to spray strawberry cv. Fortuna with 1200 mg/L MCT-P plus 1000 mg/L CHI every two weeks, from 60 days after transplanting until two weeks before the end of harvesting season for the best fruit yield and quality.

Suitable LiDAR Platform for Measuring the 3D Structure of Mangrove Forests

Investigating the three-dimensional structure of mangrove forests is critical for their conservation and restoration. However, mangrove forests are difficult to survey in the field, and their 3D structure is poorly understood. Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is considered an accurate and dependable method of measuring the 3D structure of mangrove forests. This study aimed to find a suitable LiDAR platform for obtaining attributes such as breast height diameter and canopy area, as well as for measuring a digital terrain model (DTM), the base data for hydrological analysis. A mangrove forest near the mouth of the Oura River in Aza-Oura, Nago City, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, was studied. We used data from terrestrial LiDAR scanning “TLS” and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) LiDAR scanning “ULS” as well as data merged from TLS and ULS “Merge”. By interpolating point clouds of the ground surface, DTMs of 5 cm × 5 cm were created. DTMs obtained from ULS could not reproduce the heaps of Thalassina anomala or forest floor microtopography compared with those obtained from TLS. Considering that ULS had a few point clouds in the forest, automatic trunk identification could not be used to segment trees. TLS could segment trees by automatically identifying trunks, but the number of trees identified roughly doubled that of the visual identification results. The number of tree crowns identified using TLS and ULS was approximately one quarter of those identified visually, and many of them were larger in area than the visually traced crowns. The accuracy of tree segmentation using the canopy height model (CHM) was low. The number of canopy trees identified using Merge produced the best results, accounting for 61% of the visual identification results. Results of tree segmentation by CHM suggest that combining TLS and ULS measurements may improve tree canopy identification. Although ULS is a promising new technology, its applications are clearly limited, at least in mangrove forests such as the Oura River, where Bruguiera gymnorhiza is dominant. Depending on the application, using different LiDAR platforms, such as airborne LiDAR scanning, UAV LiDAR scanning, and TLS, is important. Merging 3D point clouds acquired by different platforms, as proposed in this study, is an important option in this case.

Extracellular self-DNA induces local inhibition of growth, regulates production of reactive oxygen species, and gene expression in rice roots

The capacity of extracellular self-DNA (esDNA) to inhibit growth is getting more research attention as this could be explored for several purposes, including the development of specific bioherbicides. While the inhibitory effect has been studied in several dicotyledon species, little is known about the effects and subsequent signaling processes in monocots. Here, we measured the growth, counted the number of lateral and crown roots, determined greenness index, quantified the production of O2.- and H2O2, and determined the expressions of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes (SODs and CATs) in rice (Oryza sativa L.), a model plant of monocots. After 7 d of germination, rice roots were exposed to 0, 75, and 150 µg cm-3 of esDNA. Inhibitory effect was found to be negatively correlated to esDNA concentration, as indicated by the length of primary roots. Interestingly, this negative effect was only observed in the directly exposed organ (root) but not in the length of shoot or fresh mass of the whole seedling. The percentage of greenness index of leaves and number of crown and lateral roots were also similar across treatments. However, esDNA exposure to root increased production of O2.- and H2O2 in the root. At the molecular level, the response was characterized by the decreased expression of the antioxidant genes SOD3, CATB, and CATC. These findings suggest that esDNA inhibits rice growth locally in, e.g. in treated roots, and the responses involve increased production of ROS and suppression of antioxidants. This study could be the basis for determining the combination of concentration and period of exposure that might significantly inhibit total growth of monocot weeds with a minimum effect on the crop.

Fertilizer type and irrigation frequency affect plant growth, yield, and gas exchange of containerized strawberry cultivars

Small-scale strawberry production in southeastern states requires cultivars adaptive to local climates and with season extension potentials. This study investigated plant growth, yield, gas exchange, and fruit quality of ten strawberry (<italic>Fragaria ×ananassa</italic> Duch.) cultivars affected by fertilizer type and irrigation frequency in a containerized production system in 2018. Bare root liners of seven June-bearing and three day-neutral cultivars were grown in 2-gallon containers , fertilized with a conventional fertilizer or an organic fertilizer at comparable rates, and irrigated once or twice daily with the same total irrigation volume<bold>.</bold> Strawberry cultivars varied in vegetative growth (including plant growth index (PGI), leaf SPAD, number of crowns, visual score, and root dry weight) and fruiting characteristics (including first harvest date, yield, number of fruit, berry size, fruit soluble solids content, and firmness). Day-neutral cultivars ‘Evie 2’ and ‘Seascape’ produced the highest total yields and late-season yield in June. The conventional fertilizer resulted in higher PGI, leaf SPAD, plant visual score, fruit yield in May, daily water use, and net photosynthetic rate than the organic fertilizer. Two irrigations per day increased substrate moisture compared with one irrigation per day, and increased shoot dry weight with the conventional fertilizer application. Irrigation frequency did not affect PGI, leaf SPAD, gas exchange, fruit yield, or quality in tested strawberry cultivars.

Comparison of field performance and fruit quality among newly released Italian June-bearing strawberry cultivars

The aim of this study was to compare newly released June-bearing strawberry cultivars (?Quicky?, ?Sandra?, ?Lofty?, ?Nadja? and ?Aprica?) in terms of their phenology, vegetative growth, productivity and fruit quality to identify their potential for wider cultivation. A field study was conducted in a strawberry plantation established in July 2020 in double rows on beds covered with black polyethylene foil (Sid, Serbia). The cultivars were evaluated in 2021-2022 for their flowering and ripening time, productivity, plant growth, biometrical and nutritional fruit traits (soluble solids content - SSC, total acids - TAs, vitamin C, total anthocyanins - TACY, total phenolics - TPC and total antioxidant capacity - TAC). The cultivar ?Quicky? started to ripen earliest, while ?Aprica? was the latest in both experimental years. The number of branch crowns per plant was significantly higher in ?Sandra? and ?Lofty?, whereby ?Sandra? had also the highest number of leaves per rosette (41.5) in comparison with the other tested cultivars. The cultivar ?Aprica? was superior in terms of productivity (1061 g/plant and 4.67 kg/m2), fruit weight (29.9 g) and fruit shape index (1.15). Contrary to this, ?Nadja? was the least productive cultivar (608 g/plant and 2.68 kg/m2). The cultivars ?Lofty? and ?Sandra? showed the highest SSC values and were also characterized by a considerably high level of TPC (1.29 mg GAE eq g-1 FW) and TACY (24.4 mg pg-3-g eq 100 g-1 FW), respectively. Variability among the tested cultivars could serve as an important criterion for the selection of new high-performing cultivars for a given growing region.

Marginal adaptation and fracture resistance of milled and 3D-printed CAD/CAM hybrid dental crown materials with various occlusal thicknesses.

To evaluate the marginal adaptation and fracture resistance of three computer-aided design/computer-assisted manufacturing hybrid dental materials with different occlusal thicknesses. Ninety single-molar crowns were digitally fabricated using a milled hybrid nanoceramic (Cerasmart, CE), polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN, Vita Enamic, VE), and 3D-printed materials (Varseosmile, VS) with occlusal thicknesses of 0.8, 1, and 1.5 mm (10 specimens/group). Anatomical 3D-printed resin dies (Rigid 10K) were used as supporting materials. A CEREC MCX milling unit and a DLP-based 3D printer, Freeform Pro 2, were utilized to produce the crown samples. Before cementation, the marginal adaptation, absolute marginal discrepancy (AMD), and marginal gap (MG) were assessed using micro-CT scanning. After cementation with self-adhesive resin cement, fracture resistance was evaluated using a universal testing machine. The number of fractured crowns and the maximum fracture values (N) were recorded. Data were statistically analyzed using both one- and two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) test. For all occlusal thicknesses, the VS crowns demonstrated the lowest AMD and MG distances, significantly different from those of the other two milling groups (P < 0.05), whereas CE and VE did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). All VS crowns were fractured using the lowest loading forces (1480.3±226.1 to 1747.2±108.7 N). No CE and 1 and 1.5 mm VE crowns fractured under a 2000 N maximum load. All hybrid-material crowns demonstrated favorable marginal adaptation within a clinically acceptable range, with 3D printing yielding superior results to milling. All materials could withstand normal occlusal force even with a 0.8 mm occlusal thickness.