In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of Eastern diamondback rattlesnake, Crotalus adamanteus, was recovered through Illumina sequencing data. This complete mitochondrial genome of C. adamanteus is 17,406 bp in length and has a base composition of A (32.3%), T (24.7%), C (29.7%), G (13.3%), demonstrating a bias of higher AT content (57.0%) than GC content (43.0%). The mitochondrial genome contains a typically conserved structure among Crotalinae mitogenomes, encoding 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNA), 2 ribosomal RNA genes (12S rRNA and 16S rRNA) and a control region (D-loop region). Twelve PCGs were located on the H-strand, except ND6 that was located on the L-strand. ATP8 gene and ATP6 gene were overlapped by 9 bp. The whole mt genome of C. adamanteus and other Viperidae mitogenomes (44 species, in total) were used for phylogenetic analysis. The result indicated C. adamanteus clustered with Crotalus horridus (HM641837.1), representing a distinct genus, which has the closest relationship with Bothrops jararaca (KU194299.1).