Cross-tabulation Analysis Research Articles

Artificial intelligence and public governance models in socioeconomic welfare: some insights from Slovenia

This paper investigates the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in public governance and its impact on socioeconomic welfare, focusing on Slovenian Social Work Centres (SWCs). The objectives are to assess how AI applications align with governance models such as (Neo)Weberian Bureaucracy, New Public Management (NPM), and Good Governance, and to evaluate their effectiveness in promoting socioeconomic welfare. Furthermore, the study aims to identify opportunities and risks associated with AI in public governance and to provide policy recommendations for the ethical and effective integration of AI. A mixed-methods approach is adopted, comprising a comprehensive literature review to develop a theoretical framework, a cross-tabulation analysis of the European Commission's dataset of 686 AI use cases in 27 EU Member States, and a case study of AI implementation in Slovenian SWCs. This includes the analysis of administrative data from 2018–2022 on the e-Welfare platform and analysis of reports from Slovenian oversight bodies such as the Court of Audit, the Administrative Inspection, and the Human Rights Ombudsman. The results show that AI significantly improves administrative efficiency, particularly in the areas of resource management, cost-effectiveness, and service quality, which closely align with NPM principles. However, challenges remain in terms of transparency and accountability, as AI systems are often not transparent, making oversight difficult and jeopardising public trust, especially in the area of social welfare. The study concludes that while AI has significant potential to improve public governance, appropriate regulation and human oversight are essential to mitigate risks and ensure compliance with governance principles. The study provides valuable insights into the role of AI in administrative efficiency and is therefore relevant to policymakers, public officials, and researchers aiming to leverage AI's benefits while ensuring ethical governance and equitable socioeconomic outcomes.

An Empirical Investigation on Level of Awareness regarding Processed and Packaged Food Among Youth of Haryana

Purpose -To study the consumer’s cognizant and attitude towards processed and packaged food. Research Methodology- Respondents were selected by using stratified convenience sampling method. 145 respondents from Haryana were interviewed. A structured questionnaire was used to assess the level of awareness in special reference to packaged and processed food among youth. The Statistical tools like crosstab analysis and chi-square test were employed. Findings: From the results it is evident that education and income levels play an important role in being cognizant regarding packaged and processed food whereas other demographic variables like age, gender, occupation were found to be insignificantly differentiating the various groups of respondents. Implications- The majority of respondents expressed strong intentions to purchase packaged goods that are environmentally friendly. The awareness level regarding effect of Preservatives, food colours, MSG in the preparation of the food is very high. Indian consumers' dietary habits are being influenced by changing socio-cultural trends. So, manufacturers should check the quality and level of Preservatives, food colours, MSG and eco-friendly packaging which will cause lesser amount of degradation of environment.

Relationship Between Laterality of Orthodontic Miniscrew Failure and Clinical Variables

Background/Objectives: Many reports on orthodontic miniscrew insertion focus on insertion conditions, such as technique, but not on the insertion environment, such as the operator’s dominant hand. This study aimed to ascertain whether the operator’s dominant hand affects laterality in the success rate of manual and motorized miniscrew insertion methods. Methods: This study retrospectively investigated the medical records of 250 Japanese patients, aged ≥15 years, who underwent miniscrew implantation in the maxilla by right-handed operators with at least 3 years of experience. A cross-tabulation analysis, Chi-square test, and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed to compare the success rates of the two insertion methods. Results: A total of 454 screws were implanted (346 manual and 108 motorized), with an overall success rate of 79.2%. No significant difference was observed in the success rate between the manual (77.7%) and motorized groups (84.2%). Regarding the laterality of the overall success rate, the right-side success rate (84.1%) was significantly higher than that of the left side (75.6%). The right-side success rate in the manual group (82.7%) was significantly higher than that of the left-side (73.0%). In the motorized group, no significant difference was observed between the success rate of insertion on the right (84.6%) and left sides (83.9%). Multiple regression analysis showed that the miniscrew insertion stability was influenced by the insertion side and the operator’s years of experience. Conclusions: The manual screw insertion method was susceptible to environmental factors and less successful in left-side insertion by right-handed operators.

APPAREL USAGE AND DISPOSAL BEHAVIOUR OF WOMEN MILLENNILAS AND POST-MILLENNILAS

The study - Apparel usage and disposal behaviour of women millennial and post-millennial aims at analysing the consumer behaviour in usage and disposing of clothes. The two main generations taken into consideration are Millennial and Gen z (People who born during 1981-1996 belong to millennial generation and women who born during 1997-2012 are categorised as post-millennial generation). The study compares the apparel usage and disposal behaviour of millennials and Gen z and also examine the factors moderating the intention to dispose and disposal behaviours. The base theory considered is Theory of planned Behaviour. Convenience sampling method is used for data collection. The population size was unknown and the sample size is 274 women respondents. A Structured questionnaire has been designed and used to collect the needed primary data. Data collected through questionnaire are analysed using various analysis like cross tabulation, weighted average and chi-square analysis. The comparison secured desired results. It is proved that there is a huge difference between millennial and Generation Z. Millennial are using and disposing their clothes in a proper way comparing to post-millennials. Lack of awareness about proper disposal of clothes is one of the major factors for improper disposal and people doesn’t have enough provisions to dispose their clothes properly. Some Women are throwing their clothes in garbage can this leads to landfills and can cause huge damage to environment. Generation z prefers to trade their used clothes in online portal and millennials prefer to resell their garments for money.

Indigenous communities and tourism-integrated climate change outcomes on subsistence within the hinterlands: a development management perspective

PurposeThe study focused on rural commodities, climate change and tourism activities for socioeconomic welfare and enhanced productivity within disadvantaged indigenous communities and remote areas. It relates primary and secondary data details on the Musina Municipality’s rural biodiversity, tourism management and integrated pastoral livelihoods, alongside climate change issues locally and abroad.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs focus group discussions and interviews to gather data. Descriptive statistics, cross-tabulation analysis and central tendencies, along with manual data sorting, provide non-inferential data analysis.FindingsThis study discloses a harmful connection between unsustainable integrated rural activities and tourism products and climate change-linked environmental consequences within such environs. Ultimately, the study has highlighted the need for proper biodiversity resource management and an agricultural approach to diminish climate change hazards and permit the indigenous communities of the municipality. Thus, there is a need for awareness and practices in responsible tourism, decent rural ecotourism and agro-tourism for enhanced productivity and sustainability achievements.Originality/valueMany rural citizens in the world naturally live in low-income areas. Southern Africa and Africa, with specific reference to the Musina Municipality in Limpopo Province, South Africa, are no exception. Despite the abundance of assorted natural and cultural biodiversity and rural tourism qualities, such regions are nonetheless prone to climate change consequences and the deprivation of socioeconomic sustainability.

Evaluation of a teacher pipeline program: Choosing teacher education based on self-confidence and support

This study evaluated the outcomes of implementing courses and student support actions within a pipeline program in Chile called the Teacher Education Access and Training Program (Spanish acronym PAP). The program's purpose is to attract high school students to teaching careers by offering them academic and support activities. A mixed-methods design was employed. Descriptive and crosstab analysis of students' retention rates revealed that students who graduated from these programs demonstrated higher rates than those accessing teacher education through other admission pathways. Qualitative content analysis of interviewees stated that PAP helped them feel more motivated and confident to enter teacher education.

Identifying the characteristics of public-private partnership projects on green energy in developing countries with different incomes

The object of the study is public-private partnership projects in green energy in developing countries. The problematics of the study is based on the intersection of the current problems of improving energy efficiency and environmental friendliness of energy innovations. The problem of analyzing such projects was solved with the following results: The findings of the study indicate the importance of country income as a factor influencing investment in public-private partnership projects in green energy. The analysis indicates the importance of the country's income as a factor influencing the established technological structure of public-private partnership projects in the green energy sector. It is proved that energy efficiency significantly depends on the technological structure of public-private partnership projects in green energy. The obtained results are explained by assuming the dependence of public-private partnership projects in green energy on the income level of the economy, based on Wallis one-way analysis of variance and cross-tabulation. Mann-Whitney U test was used to explain the dependence of energy efficiency on the technological structure of such projects. The particularity of this study is the analysis of the technological structure of public-private partnership projects in green energy, taking into account the specifics of developing countries and the application of their clustering. This research is of practical significance in the possibility of applying the results obtained by the authorities for the creation and implementation of public-private partnership projects in the field of green energy, as well as by energy companies implementing new technologies using water, wind and solar energy.

An Analysis of Visitor Behaviors and Satisfaction in Urban Forests: Focused on Major Forests in Incheon

Background and objective: Urban forests have increasingly integrated recreational and welfare facilities to enhance the quality of life for urban residents. This study explores the behaviors, perceptions, and satisfaction of visitors to major forests in Incheon Metropolitan City, aiming to offer guidelines for the improvement of recreational facilities within these urban forests. By understanding visitor needs and preferences, the study seeks to contribute to the development of more user-friendly and sustainable forest environments that cater to the well-being of city dwellers.Methods: The study focused on five major forests in Incheon: Munhaksan Mountain, Cheongnyangsan Mountain, Manwolsan Mountain, Wonjeoksan Mountain, and Gyeyangsan Mountain. Data were collected through field surveys and analyzed using cross-tabulation, one-way ANOVA, and regression analysis. Based on the results, targeted recommendations were made for the enhancement of recreational facilities in each forest.Results: For Munhaksan Mountain, expanding recreational spaces and offering trail-specific programs are key priorities, along with developing a maintenance plan to improve visitor satisfaction. In Cheongnyangsan Mountain, expanding popular facilities like barefoot walking paths and optimizing the forest structure for air purification and noise reduction are needed. Manwolsan Mountain requires a more efficient maintenance system, focusing on security, amenities, and visitor services to address the issue of low satisfaction. Wonjeoksan Mountain should enhance trail safety with more CCTVs and improve amenities such as restrooms and trash disposal. Gyeyangsan Mountain needs more rest areas and amenities, addressing congestion in the northwest while preserving natural scenery and providing an information platform for younger visitors.Conclusion: This study contributes to optimizing the use of urban forests and improving the quality of life for residents by proposing a strategic framework for the development of recreational welfare in forests. The findings are expected to serve as a valuable resource for local governments in formulating rational forest management and usage plans.

Implications Of The Implementation Of Clinical Authority On Improving The Quality Of Nursing Services

Literature studies indicate that implementing clinical authority can enhance the quality of nursing care. However, many hospitals still have not fully applied clinical authority aligned with nurses' career paths. This research explores the impact of clinical authority on nurses' performance, both directly and indirectly, through situational leadership in Hospital X. Using a mixed-method approach with a parallel concurrent triangulation model, the study collected quantitative data via questionnaires from 300 nurses using total sampling. Descriptive crosstab analysis revealed no significant differences in perceptions of clinical authority, performance, and situational leadership based on individual characteristics. Structural Equation Modeling showed that clinical authority positively and significantly affects nurse performance. Qualitative data were gathered through focus group discussions with 13 nurses and semi-structured interviews with senior nursing managers. Thematic analysis identified six key themes: positive impacts on performance, the role of situational leadership styles, strategies to optimize nursing services, encountered obstacles, competitive challenges, and motivation to enhance care. The qualitative findings indicated that clinical authority fosters nurses' responsibility, adherence to standards, mutual trust, teamwork, and improved communication and caring attitudes. The corroboration of quantitative and qualitative analyses demonstrated alignment, confirming that clinical authority significantly influences nurse performance. To improve nursing care quality, hospitals are encouraged to implement structured career paths for nurses, ensuring that clinical authority is supported at every level

PENGETAHUAN REMAJA TERHADAP PERLINDUNGAN JENAYAH SCAM DI MALAYSIA

Abstract: Scams are systematically executed crimes. Criminal tactics are organized based on the targeted victims, timing, and technological advances. Various approaches have been implemented by authorities to educate and raise awareness among the public regarding the modus operandi and methods of self-protection against these crimes. Therefore, this study aims to identify the level of knowledge and behaviour on self protection against scam crimes among teenagers in Malaysia. A total of 482 teenagers aged 16 to 19 participated in this study. The survey instrument involved five constructs and 29 items formulated based on guidelines, campaigns, and promotional materials implemented by various authoritative agencies in Malaysia. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis in the form of frequency, percentage, and cross tabs analysis. While the inference analysis used was the multiple regression analysis to analyze the influence of each variable toward respondents’ behaviour. The analysis results found that the scores of teenagers’ knowledge for two constructs were high (data information, data security), and three constructs were moderate (communication, digital content, problem-solving). Whereas the finding of multiple regression analysis indicated that all variables were significant in influencing respondents’ behaviour except for the digital content variable. Overall, this study proved that the protective actions taken by authorities against scam crimes were effective. However, these efforts need to be continued to ensure that these preventive elements can still be practiced in the future. Keywords: Scam; Teenagers; Communication; Digital Content; Problem-solving; Data Security; Data Information

Moroccan SMEs and the Casablanca Stock Exchange: Governance Issues and Prospects for Introduction

This research paper examines the relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and Moroccan SMEs' access to the Casablanca Stock Exchange. It highlights the importance of SMEs in the Moroccan economy, their key role in value creation and economic growth, and the challenges they face in accessing finance, particularly through the capital markets. The text also explores corporate governance systems, comparing open (Anglo-Saxon) and closed (continental European) models, and situates Morocco in a closed system with a high concentration of capital in large companies. Cross-tabulation and multiple correspondence analysis reveal significant correlations between IPO and various variables, such as the presence of an audit committee, a corporate governance body and knowledge of good governance codes. The econometric model, based on binary logistic regression, confirms that the presence of an audit committee is the main determinant of IPO, significantly increasing the probability of listing. On the other hand, other variables such as beliefs and values, the management system, capital concentration or the management market did not show any significant correlation, highlighting that the quality of internal governance plays an essential role in access to the financial market in Morocco.

Exploring Individual Components of Sport Persistence in the Light of Gender, Education, and Level and Type of Sport.

Background/Objectives: Sport persistence can be coded as an indicator of sport performance and commitment, incorporating personality traits such as resilience, adaptive coping, and positive personality traits. Thus, athletes do not merely persist in sporting activities but are qualitatively committed to them. Methods: In the present research, we used a qualitative methodology to investigate the factors underlying sport persistence, using Bronfenbrenner's socio-ecological model. In total, 133 high school and college student-athletes were surveyed in a semi-structured interview study. We set the following research question: How do the factors involved in developing sport persistence vary across athletes' gender, level of study, and level and type of sport? Data were analyzed along the lines of grounded theory. ATLAS.ti and IBM SPSS 22.0 statistical software were used for the analysis. Results: Our analysis divided individual motivation into intrinsic (health promotion, habituation, becoming a competitive athlete, self-improvement, self-actualization, relaxation, and sport enjoyment) and extrinsic motivation (family-related motivation, coach, social relationships, competition, livelihood, recognition). The cross-tabulation analysis revealed that contrary to the general trend, no significant differences can be experienced in the core motivational patterns contributing to sport persistence. However, significant differences could be detected concerning the level of education, level of sporting activity, and type of sport. Conclusions: Our findings not only shed light on the unique factors underlying sport persistence, but also challenge the trends observed in traditional sport motivation analyses. This insight could potentially revolutionize how we approach youth sport promotion and physical activity among young people, making our research highly relevant and impactful.

Post-marketing quality evaluation of oxytocin injection and assessment of associated factors among selected health facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Oxytocin is the principal drug and the primary choice for labor induction and postpartum hemorrhage prevention and treatment. The problems associated with oxytocin are not usually from its effectiveness, but they are from its compromised quality which may occur at the point of manufacturing, transportation, and storage. The main objective of this study was to assess the status of oxytocin injection quality and associated factors in the health facilities located in Addis Ababa city, Ethiopia. A laboratory based instrumental quality testing alongside a cross sectional study design was used to evaluate oxytocin injection quality in Addis Ababa city administration from January to June, 2022 according to United States Pharmacopeia (USP 20), and the World Health Organization guideline of post-market medicine quality assessment. Binary logistic regression and cross tabulation analysis were conducted using SPSS 26. Significance was considered at p ≤ 0.05. Out of 107 tested oxytocin injection samples, 92.5% met the limit for oxytocin content, 81.3% for sterility test, and 91.6% for pH value. Overall, quality failure rate was 23.4%, while sterility test failure rate was 18.7%. Lack of reliable refrigerated storage condition [(AOR = 5.62, 95% CI: (1.87, 16.88)], lack of effective cold chain system during distribution [(AOR = 5.5, 95% CI: (1.53, 19.74)], and weak national medicine regulatory system [(AOR = 3.23, 95% CI: (1.13, 9.23)] were among the significantly associated factors for the failure of some of the brands. The study demonstrated that oxytocin injection quality failure rate, failing to meet at least one quality test requirement, is demonstrated in the health facilities of Addis Ababa. The determinant factors for the reported failures are related to storage, distribution, and regulatory system. Hence, these should be addressed by strictly adhering in to the national regulation and providing a comprehensive health promotion on rational use of oxytocin injection should be implemented to assure its quality and safety.

Analysis of Relationships Between Business Domains and Technical-Skill Requirements for Data Analysts

As growth of the data analytics field continues, more and more academic departments and professional training programs are offering skill training to potential data analysts. However, not all business domains require their data analysts to possess the same sets of technical skills. Based on over 2,500 data-analyst job advertisements posted on LinkedIn and utilizing subject analysis, cross-tabulation analysis, heat map, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Kappa test, this study examined relationships between various business domains and the technical skills required for data analysts within the respective business domains. Among many findings, the study discovered noteworthy disparities among the business domains concerning their requirements of technical-skill sets for data analysts. The findings of this study offer valuable insights to educators and potential data analysts.

SDG: Consumer's Perception Towards Herbal/Organic Products with Respect to Sustainable Development Goals

Objective: This study would help to clarify the perceptions of Indian consumers of organic/herbal products and Sustainable Development Goal. It examines how consumers perceive several elements that were discovered during focus group talks for upcoming research projects by academics and researchers. Additionally, it will support research on the impact of buying herbal products, particularly among the targeted population categories. An attempt has been made by the researcher to study the perception of consumer on herbal products on various parameters like buying behavior, attitude and awareness to make sure of SDG. Method: The study is descriptive, based on sample survey. And has been carried out on empirical level and it is based on the interview schedule method. Data on the personal and professional backgrounds of the sample respondents, as well as their degree of awareness, attitude, and happiness with herbal products, were gathered through the interview schedule. The instrument used to collect the data is a well-structured questionnaire which is incorporated with items measuring socio-economic status, awareness about herbal products, attitudes and perception towards herbal products and factors influencing the purchase of herbal products. The sampling technique is Simple Random sampling and the sample size is 420. The data were analyzed by using Statistical tools such as, Descriptive statistics, Frequency Distribution Analysis, Reliability and Item analysis, Cross tabulation analysis with Chi-square test, Independent sample t-test, Canonical Correlation Analysis, One way ANOVA (F test). Principle Component Factor Analysis, Rank Analysis and Regression. Results: It was discovered that the frequency of purchasing herbal goods and the brand that was purchased were significantly influenced by socioeconomic characteristics such as gender, age, education, employment, and marital status. This correlation between the socioeconomic factors and herbal product purchasing suggests that marketers should consider tailoring their products and approaches based on the target audience’s demographics

Role of the Regulation Framework in Occupational Safety in Construction Excavation Works—A Survey Analysis in Turkey

The construction sector is known to have the highest risks of occupational accidents. A rationale for this high occurrence of occupational risks can be related to legislative requirements to enforce safe construction practices within this sector. Within the context of excavation works in Turkey, this study investigates the leading risks for any compliance shortfalls and ultimately presents recommendations to mitigate occupational accidents’ occurrences during excavation works in the construction sector. Based on a quantitative methodology, a closed-ended survey consisting of 35 questions and based on legislative requirements was applied to project managers in the construction industry, such as site supervisors, occupational safety experts, auditors, and control personnel. A sample size of 277 responses was found to have stability and validity through a reliability analysis and an exploratory factor analysis, and was used for testing statistical significance via cross-tabulation analysis and chi-square tests. The findings revealed that the major deviation of safety in excavation works from legislative requirements is executing works during adverse weather conditions. Moreover, it was also noteworthy that protective curtains did not surround the excavation sites, and most of the employees encountered ground slippage during excavation work. Therefore, the findings revealed preliminary research that will contribute positively to providing incentives for a focus on and development of relevant security and technical measures. It also provided information to protect the safety and welfare of the workers involved in excavation works. Finally, though these findings may be considered context-specific, this research can be used for comparative purposes for similar studies into the safety practices of excavation works in different countries, where generalized findings can be later derived to inform academia and practice.

8156 Exploring Gender-Specific Characteristics Of Diabetes Among Young Adults In Korea: The Korea National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2012 And 2019-2020

Abstract Disclosure: C. Chung: None. Background: The escalating global incidence of diabetes among young adults could be linked to dynamic socio-environmental changes including pandemic and climate shifts. In this investigation, we aimed to discern the distinct features of diabetes among young adults in Korea. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 63,489,047 Korean young adults (32,173,248 male, 31,315,799 female) aged 20-39 years who participated in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2012 and 2020-2021. Diabetes cases were identified through hospital diagnoses or the prescription of insulin or non-insulinemic anti-diabetic medications. The significant insulin resistance was defined as HOMA-IR above 2.9. Complex sampling design and cross-tabulation analyses were used to examine both socioeconomic and laboratory factors. Results: The prevalence of diabetes was higher in men in both 2011-2012 and 2020-2021 (Men vs. Women, 2011-2012: 2.2 ± 0.5 vs. 1.2 ± 0.3 %, p<0.001; 2020-2021: 3.0 ± 0.5 vs. 1.6 ± 0.3 %, p<0.001). The use of insulin and oral hypoglycemic agent (OHA) was comparable between men and women in 2011-2012 (Insulin: 18.1 ± 8.2 vs. 5.2 ± 5.1 %, p=0.305; OHA, 18.2 ± 6.3 vs. 19.5 ± 6.5 %, p=0.239), but more women used insulin and more men used OHA in 2020-2021 (Insulin: 5.3 ± 3.7 vs. 28.7 ± 9.4 %, p=0.016; OHA: 31.4 ± 7.7 vs. 19.6 ± 7.3 %, p=0.009). Execution of fundus exam (25.7 ± 10.6 vs. 68.5 ± 14.1 %, p=0.021) and diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy (0 vs. 8.9 ± 3.3 %, p=0.001) was higher in women in 2020-2021. HbA1c was higher in men in 2020-2021 (8.1 ± 0.4 vs. 7.3 ± 0.3 %, p <0.001), but was similar between men and women in 2011-2012 (8.4 ± 0.6 vs. 8.1 ± 0.6 %, p=0.697). Obesity, one of the most common comorbidities of diabetes, was higher in women in 2011-2012 (24.8 ± 4.8 vs. 79.4 ± 9.3 %, p<0.001), but was higher in men in 2020-2021 (94.4 ± 2.9 vs. 67.8 ± 11.0 %, p<0.001). The factors associated with increase in HOMA-IR in 2020-2021 was different between men and women. Unexpectedly, men with low mental stress showed positive correlation with HOMA-IR (B = 3.9, 95% CI 0.1-7.7, p=0.047). For women, mental stress did not affect HOMA-IR, but those with regular anaerobic exercise (B = -10.5, 95% CI -18.3 - -2.6, p=0.011) and stable employment status (B = -11.9, 95% CI -19.4 - -4.8, p=0.002) presented negative correlation with HOMA-IR. Conclusion: In comparison to before the COVID-19 pandemic, men diabetic patients showed more obese tendency after COVID-19, and there was also a statistically significant difference in HbA1c disparity with women. The higher prevalence of diabetic retinopathy despite of lower HbA1c in women during pandemic era needs to be further investigated in well-designed cohort study. Presentation: 6/3/2024

Online Education in Hungary and Armenia during the Pandemic and Its Aftermath

After the breakout of the COVID-19 pandemic our lives have been profoundly changed, including higher education, where a digital form has emerged as a result. This paper presents some of the results of nearly two and a half years of research conducted in two countries. The first objective was to analyse the experience of the transition to digital education, digital competencies and equipment of staff during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the second was to summarise the impact of the alternatives to digital education at universities after the pandemic. It was also aimed at describing how digital education at the universities of these two countries with very different cultures has been tackled and whether the experiences are different. The research was carried out by means of a questionnaire including 592 instructors from Hungary and 111 from Armenia. The researchers analysed the data using SPSS 28 statistical software. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted, including frequency, mean and standard deviation tests, cross-tabulation analysis, ANOVA, independent samples t-test, and correlation. analyse The current study suggests that the two culturally different countries did not have completely different practices, and also the smoothness of the transition to digital education has a major impact on how digital solutions are integrated into university education in the two countries in the future. To conclude, the pandemic induced the emergence of online education, which is here to stay with us in the future to supplement traditional, offline forms.

Comparison of Yield and Cost Data of Cotton Crop Production During 2019 and 2020 in Baluchistan

The study was carried out through a primary as well as secondary data collection from several stakeholders to examine the average position of cotton production, average per acre cost of production, physical and income productivity, economic profit, input output ratio, problems and constraints, faced by cotton farmers and to recommend policy measures for maintainable cotton production and marketing in study area. Statistics examines were performed by retaining the descriptive figures as well as standard economic methods. A mixture of qualitative and measurable methodical procedures such as cost of production, market limits, regression analysis, cross tabulation analysis were carried out. The study was carry out in Lasbella, Sibi, Noshki, Turbat, Dera Bugti and Khuzdar districts in Balochistan. The data were gathered from 77 farmers of cotton growers and collected material was related to cotton production in Kharif 2019 and 2020. Majority of cotton growers were small land holders and age was 48.33 years. The average seed rate was 10.50kgs/acre and purchasing price was Rs.344.33/kg during 2019 & 2020 correspondingly. The budget of production was Rs.91762.50 and total revenue was Rs. 192297.5 per acre in 2020 respectively. The average profit/net income of cotton growers received was Rs. 100535 and Rs.95225.77 per acre in 2020 and 2019 respectively.

Metabolic syndrome and its clinical and laboratory indicators in relation to outdoor physical activities: walking, Nordic walking, and cycling

Aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between outdoor walking and sports activities and the clinical and laboratory indicators of metabolic syndrome. Data for the research were collected through the use of questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory tests. Using the National Diabetes Federation guidelines, the data were analyzed to determine whether the respondent had metabolic syndrome. Data analysis was conducted on a sample of 380 patients with metabolic syndrome. The study was conducted through quantitative analysis of cross-sectional data. The descriptive part involved conducting variable frequency and cross-tabulation analysis. Odds ratios were calculated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. The odds of increased glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were 1.8-fold lower in the physically active group than in the non-exercise group (the adjusted odds ratio model for sex, age, and smoking (aOR) = 0.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.34–0.95). The odds of reduced high-density cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) were three times lower in the physically active group than in the non-exercise group (aOR = 0.29, 95% CI 0.18–0.48). The odds of obesity were 3.7 times lower among patients who exercised than among those who did not (aOR = 0.27, 95% CI 0.10–0.68). Outdoor physical activities have a statistically significant effect on HbA1c levels, HDL-cholesterol, and obesity in patients with metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome patients can be advised to engage in physical activities in order to improve their health.