Cross-sectional Research Study Research Articles

A145 PEDIATRIC PATIENTS’ & PARENTS’ PERSPECTIVES ON TREATMENT PREFERENCE IN EOSINOPHILIC ESOPHAGITIS: A CROSS SECTIONAL, QUALITATIVE RESEARCH STUDY

Abstract Background Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the esophagus which impairs quality of life in children and adolescents. Given the wide variety of symptomatic presentations in pediatrics, the varying time to diagnosis, and differing severity (including stricturing phenotype) initial treatments are not standardized. An important part of this individualization, beyond the health care practitioner counseling involves the patients’ and parents’ preferences which incorporates personal beliefs and attitudes. Purpose The study aim was to qualitatively describe parental and patient preferences regarding treatment options in EoE. Method This was a cross-sectional qualitative research study conducted in the EoE clinic at BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver. Parents and their children completed semi-structured survey questions regarding treatment preference in EoE. Patients along with their parents who completed their survey questions were included in the study. Incomplete forms were excluded from the study. Result(s) The survey was attempted by 15 children, 7-11yrs of age, and 42 children, 12-18yrs of age, along with their parents. Completed response by both parent and their children were seen in 47 patients, 40 were adolescents 12-18yrs of age and 7 were 7-11yrs of age. Parent treatment preferences were diet in 17/47(36.2%), medications in 21/47 (44.7%) and 9/47 (19%) were unsure. 75% of parents who preferred dietary management thought it was less risky than medication. Parents who chose medication thought it would be easier (8/21) and more effective (8/21). Most of the parents’ decisions were influenced by the physician (35/47; 74.5%) and more so by the gastroenterologist (28/47; 59.6%). In 12–18-yr olds, 6/40 (15%) had preference for diet, 25/40 (62.5%) preferred medication and 9/40 (22.5%) were unsure. 3/6 adolescents thought that diet was less risky and 4/6 thought it was more effective than medication. Among the teens who preferred medication, 17/25 (68%) felt it to be easier and 9/25 (36%) thought it would work better than diet. Teenagers found their parents to be helpful for deciding (50%) and doctor (50%) with the gastroenterologist again playing a prominent role. In the 7 to 11yr old age group, 4/7 (57.1%) predominantly had preference for dietary treatment. Conclusion(s) The overall preference in the adolescent age group is for medication supported by patients’ and parents’, with ease of use being a primary driver for adolescents, whereas ease of use and effectiveness were drivers for the parents. Parents were more often interested in dietary therapy than the adolescents. With regards to parents of younger children and younger children themselves, dietary management was the preference as they felt it to be less risky. The numbers, though small, represent one of the few studies done on patient preference in EoE. Future studies should include formal qualitative studies and preferences could ultimately be tied to better counseling and tracking adherence to therapy. Please acknowledge all funding agencies by checking the applicable boxes below None Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Investigating the behavior of pedestrians and related factors in northern Iran in 2021.

Among all road users, pedestrian behavior is most unpredictable, and our knowledge of pedestrian behavior and compliance in northern Iran is limited. The aim of the study was to determine the self-reporting behavior of pedestrians and related factors in northern Iran in 2021. This cross-sectional study's research tool included demographic characteristics, social characteristics, and a pedestrian behavior questionnaire (PBS - 43 questions). Data collection was randomly performed in 30 different passages around Rasht (a city in the north of Iran). We used the Poisson regression model and statistical software STATA version 15 for data analysis. With increasing age, pedestrians showed better crossing behavior (p < 0.001, β = 0.202), and the behavior of female pedestrians was better than that of male pedestrians (p < 0.001, β -4.79). As pedestrians, those with private jobs had worse crossing behavior than others (p < 0.045, β = 9.380), and those pedestrians who mentioned they were motorcyclists before had worse crossing behavior than others (p < 0.045, β = 9.380). The findings of this study can be used to establish pedestrian safety and preventative planning. In behavior change intervention programs, it is best to target young male pedestrians aiming to walk to their workplace, a private business. In addition, the behavior of pedestrians whose predominant means of transportation is the motorcycle must be corrected. It is necessary to conduct information campaigns and educational programs for pedestrians with common high-risk behaviors, especially errors and violations.

Measurement of the Extent of Awareness of Al jouf Region Residents with the Importance and Methods of Breast Cancer Early Detection in Females.

Early detection of breast cancer is the most important strategy to prevent deaths from breast cancer as breast cancers that found in early stages is easier to be treated successfully. This study aimed to measure the extent of awareness of Aljouf region residents with importance and methods of breast cancer early detection in females. A cross-sectional research study of 1,026 participants from different cities in Aljouf province, aged above 18 years and successfully filled the online questionnaire from January to April 2022. Modified Breast Cancer Awareness Measure version 2 was used to assess the awareness of participants regarding early detection of breast cancer. Descriptive statistics and Pearson's chi-square tests were used to analyze the data. Results indicated that majority of participants were Saudi (98.1%), female (86.1%), aged 18-35 (77.6%), and single (62.2%) with university education (63.5%).There was no history of breast cancer in 75.8% of participant's families. The majority of the participants (68.7%) were had some knowledge about breast cancer early detection and its checkups, despite their answers containing little detailed information and a significant disparity in the correct answers. The present study showed that more than two-thirds of the participants had a poor level of awareness about early detection of breast cancer. Knowing about checkup and general knowledge significantly was related to some socio-demographic factors such as age between 18-35 years, high educational level, employment, and marriage.

COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance Behavior among Hispanics/Latinxs in Nevada: A Theory-Based Analysis

Hesitancy toward the COVID-19 vaccine has hindered its rapid uptake among the Hispanic and Latinx populations. The study aimed to use the Multi-Theory Model (MTM) for health behavior change to explain the intention of initiating and sustaining the behavior of COVID-19 vaccination among the Hispanic and Latinx populations that expressed and did not express hesitancy towards the vaccine in Nevada. Using a quantitative cross-sectional and survey-based research study design, data were collected using a 50-item questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression modeling. Of 231 respondents, participatory dialogue (b = 0.113, p < 0.001; b = 0.072, p < 0.001) and behavioral confidence (b = 0.358, p < 0.001; b = 0.206, p < 0.001) displayed significant associations with the initiation of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among vaccine-hesitant and non-vaccine-hesitant individuals. Emotional transformation (b = 0.087, p < 0.001; b = 0.177, p < 0.001) displayed a significant association with the sustenance of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among vaccine-hesitant and non-vaccine-hesitant individuals. Results from this study provide evidence that the MTM is a useful tool in predicting COVID-19 vaccine acceptance behavior among Hispanics and Latinxs in Nevada, and it should be used in intervention designs and messaging to promote vaccine uptake.

Patient (pt) perspective on fatigue and its management for advanced prostate cancer (PC) treated with androgen receptor inhibitors (ARIs).

100 Background: Fatigue is a common, multifaceted disease- and treatment (tx)-related symptom experienced by pts with advanced PC (aPC). Although fatigue of variable severity has been reported across clinical trials in pts with metastatic hormone-sensitive PC (also referred to as metastatic castration-sensitive PC [mCSPC]) and non-metastatic castration-resistant PC (nmCRPC) treated with ARIs, there is limited real-world insight from the pt’s perspective or guidance on the management of this symptom. This study assessed pts’ experience with fatigue and self-reported management strategies. Methods: In this cross-sectional non-interventional qualitative research study, pts receiving ARIs were interviewed about their fatigue experience and management strategies. All pts were ≥18 years, diagnosed with mCSPC or nmCRPC, currently on ARI tx (enzalutamide, apalutamide or darolutamide) that began ≤24 months (mo) prior to interview and experienced fatigue. Descriptive data extracted were organized into general concepts and presented as number and frequency of reports. Results: Among 143 screened pts, 11 completed the interview (mCSPC, 7; nmCRPC, 4). Most were White, mean age was 63 years and median time since ARI initiation was 12 mo. Pts described their fatigue experience as a physical, emotional or mental feeling that impacted activities of daily living. Pts attributed their fatigue to more than one cause including, but not limited to: a side effect of ARI tx, emotional burden of disease, or physical exertion. Most pts did not feel adequately prepared and indicated they would have liked to receive additional education or support to manage tx-related fatigue. As a result, most pts followed self-initiated management strategies such as healthy diet, rigorous exercise and increased rest, which were reported to be effective for some pts. Conclusions: Pts with aPC emphasized the lack of adequate knowledge and health care provider (HCP) recommendations for managing fatigue. Hence, there is a need to develop recommendations for fatigue management and resources to support HCPs’ counselling methods to ultimately improve pts’ quality of life while on tx. HCPs may play a critical role in developing and disseminating fatigue management initiatives. [Table: see text]

Ethical leadership and green innovation: the mediating role of green organizational culture

Green innovation is critical for SMEs, which account for a significant part of employment and total value in many countries. The role of the leader in SMEs is one of the most discussed issues in the field of management and innovation. In this study, the role of ethical leadership and green organizational culture on green innovation was investigated in the context of Turkey with a cross-sectional research study covering 464 SMEs and using structural equation modelling. According to the findings, it was seen that ethical leadership has an important potential in terms of developing a green organizational culture in SMEs. In addition, it has been determined that green organizational culture has a mediating role between ethical leadership and green product and process innovations. As a result, suggestions are given to researchers and managers in the context of leadership and organizational culture in order to create green innovation and a sustainable work environment.

The Status of Geriatric In-Hospital Nursing Care from the Perspective of Nurses Working in the Emergency Department of Hospitals in the Northwest of Iran in 2020.

The evaluation of geriatric care in the emergency departments is necessary to improve the quality of care. This study aimed to determine the status of geriatric nursing care from the perspective of nurses working in the emergency department of hospitals. This study was a cross-sectional research study. Through census sampling, 252 nurses working in the emergency departments of hospitals of Ardabil Province were selected. The status of elderly care was assessed using the Geriatric In-Hospital Nursing Care Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using independent and one-sample t-tests and analysis of variance. The mean (GerINCQ) score of the participants [mean (SD): 237.30 (75.30)] was significantly higher than the criterion score (201) (p = 0.001). The scores of the sub-scales of perception of elderly care [mean (SD): 45.42 (7.53)], aging-sensitive care delivery [mean (SD): 41.55 (10.25)], professional responsibility [mean (SD): 39.62 (9.86)], and attitude toward caring for elderly [mean (SD): 56.14 (12.53)] were significantly higher than the standard score (p = 0.001). However, the score of performed intervention [mean (SD): 38.36 (8.42)] was significantly (p = 0.02) lower than the criterion score (39). The score of professional responsibility and attitude toward elderly care was higher in women than men, and this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The results showed that aging-coordinated care delivery, professional responsibility, and attitudes and perceptions of nurses toward elderly care were satisfactory, but performed intervention was unfavorable. According to the results of this study, nursing service managers can improve the quality of elderly nursing care through appropriate policies, fixing the workforce shortage, and closely monitoring elderly care in the emergency departments.

Formative evaluation of an exercise training program for persons with multiple sclerosis who are wheelchair users

Exercise training is an effective and safe second-line therapy for improving multiple sclerosis (MS) symptoms and disease progression among adults. This study aimed to determine the appropriateness of a novel exercise training program for wheelchair users with MS. Ten wheelchair users with MS were recruited from a previous cross-sectional research study to attend one of three focus groups with 3–4 participants that lasted between 69 and 87 min. The focus groups were conducted online using a semi-structured format and participants were invited to complete an evaluation survey. During the focus groups, participants provided qualitative feedback regarding the exercise prescription, exercise modes (resistance and aerobic), training manual, exercise equipment, fitness tracker, rating scale, newsletters, logbook, and coaching. Most feedback focused on minor considerations such as avoiding the color red as it can be an issue for individuals with optic neuritis. Among quantitative evaluation survey ratings, coaching calls were rated the highest 4.7 ± 0.4 on a 5-point scale, followed by the exercise prescription (4.4 ± 0.8) and fitness tracker (4.3 ± 0.9). Focus group participants provided invaluable feedback for finalizing a novel exercise training program for wheelchair users with MS and provided focal suggestions for further improvements.

Perceived value and satisfaction as antecedents of loyalty to a chain restaurant in Mexico

The present work is a quantitative, exploratory, cross-sectional research study. The objective is to validate the relationship between satisfaction and perceived value with customer loyalty in three branches of a restaurant chain in Mexico. Smart PLS 3 software was used to process the information obtained from a sample of 208 valid questionnaires. The objective was achieved by validating, through structural equation modeling by the partial least square method, a measurement model whose constructs met the characteristics of reliability and validity. In turn, the structural model presented an acceptable level of adjustment, thus proving that there is a positive and statistically significant relationship between satisfaction and perceived value and the loyalty of restaurant customers, which supported the two hypotheses proposed.&#x0D; &#x0D;

Perfil do egresso médico de uma instituição de ensino superior do Nordeste do Brasil

Abstract Introduction: In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of medical schools in Brazil and, concomitantly, the interest in improving the quality of teaching in medicine has increased. One question resulting from this change is whether this increase in medical schools will imply the training of professionals capable of meeting the demands of contemporary society. One way to answer this question is to know the profile of the institutions’ graduates. Objective: To evaluate the profile of medical graduates trained at a higher education institution in northeast Brazil. Method: A cross-sectional field research study with a quantitative approach was carried out. Graduates of the medical course of a higher education institution, graduated from 2012 to 2019, were evaluated through a questionnaire sent via e-mail, with multiple choice questions. The study was approved by the institution’s ethics committee. Results: A total of 127 questionnaires were analyzed, which corresponds to a response rate of 13.8%; females predominated, representing 67.7% of the sample. Knowledge about the National Curriculum Guidelines during undergraduate school was reported by 24.2% of the participants. Most graduates demonstrated satisfaction with the course taken and a feeling of being prepared for professional work as a generalist. Regarding medical residency, 90.5% of the graduates attended this type of specialization program. Professional performance of graduates in the Family Health Strategy and in the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) was identified in 66.9% and 84.3%, respectively. A feeling of aptitude and ability to deal with health education, health management and health care for the population was identified in most graduates. Conclusion: We identified good satisfaction at the end of the course and a feeling of confidence for professional performance in most graduates. Improvement through medical residency is a frequent goal among graduates. The SUS is a field of work for most of these professionals. In addition, skills recommended by the National Curriculum Guidelines were perceived by them at the end of undergraduate school. Future studies with larger and multicenter samples are needed to assess the profile of graduates in Brazil.

Prevalência e fatores associados à realização de exames pré-natais na pandemia de COVID-19: um estudo transversal

Abstract Objective To identify the prevalence of prenatal screening and its associated factors during the COVID-19 pandemic in a Brazilian health region. Method A cross-sectional and descriptive research study, carried out with 408 puerperal women in the maternity hospitals from the 9th Health Region, through survey and consultation of the pregnant women's medical records and cards. The Chi-square test was used, assuming a significance level of p&lt;0.05. Results There was low prevalence of prenatal exams: 67% in the first trimester, 59.2% in the second and 48.98% in the third. Non-white race and prenatal care initiation after the 14th week are associated with low performance of serological/biochemical tests. Conclusion and implications for the practice The performance of prenatal tests was not satisfactory during the pandemic period, allowing us to verify the existence of gaps in prenatal care quality. In adverse situations, as was the case in the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses can use strategies that guarantee prenatal care continuity and comprehensiveness, especially among the most vulnerable populations.

Insights Into Metformin XR Pharmacotherapy Knowledge Among Community Pharmacists: A Cross-Sectional Study.

There is a little knowledge on the extent to which healthcare providers understand and accept the professional recommendations and appropriate dosing strategy regarding metformin XR. To evaluate UAE community pharmacists' knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) concerning metformin XR. This is a cross-sectional research study conducted amongst licensed community pharmacists. The survey took place via a questionnaire and physical interviews were held. The survey used in this study included questions on demographics and questions on the participants' attitudes, knowledge and practices concerning metformin XR. The factors influencing KAP regarding metformin XR were examined via simple logistic regression analysis. Threehundred fifty-three (n = 353) participants were recruited in the study. Independent pharmacies constituted 57.5% of this study sample and 42.5% were chain pharmacies. The average knowledge score about metformin XR tablets was 42.5% with a confidence interval (CI) of 95% [37.3%, 47.4]. Better knowledge scores on metformin XR tablets was observed in respondents aged ⩾40 years (OR 2.97, 95% CI 1.63-5.4), having greater than 10 years in terms of experience (OR 2.28; 95% CI 1.25-4.16) and pharmacist graduated from Regional or international universities (OR 2.08; 95% CI 1.34-3.24). About 78% (n = 275) of the participants believed that metformin XR tablets have better efficacy and 63.2% (n = 233) indicated that metformin IR was associated with greater adverse effects. This study demonstrated a distinct gap in knowledge, attitude and practice pertaining to metformin XR among community pharmacists in the UAE. The community pharmacists need to enhance their practice by receiving accurate and reliable data to support their decision-making on the prescribing of metformin XR. The implementation of novel guidelines and evidence dissemination strategies may help bridge this gap.

Night Time Gadget Use and Quality of Sleep among Health Science Students in Bangalore, India

INTRODUCTION: Electronic gadgets have become a necessity for modern life, and unstructured use of these devices can result in sleep disturbances among youth in the digital era. This study correlated patterns of nighttime electronic gadget use and quality of sleep among health science students.METHODS: Cross-sectional research study was conducted among 243 health science students of selected colleges in Bangalore. The subjects comprised students from pharmacy 79 (32.6%), physiotherapy 79 (32.6%) and nursing 84 (34.7%). A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect demographic information on nighttime electronic gadget use. Sleep quality was assessed using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). RESULTS: Watching movies (43.6%), communicating (36.1%) and academic use (20.3%) were the most reported purposes of nighttime gadget use among the students. 22.8 % of the participants were using the gadgets for 2-4 hours and 7.5 % of the students used them for more than 5 hours at night. Linear regression analysis revealed that the habit of checking one’s phone at night and staying up late at night had an impact on the daytime activity of students. Subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration and sleep efficiency were significantly affected by nighttime gadget use.CONCLUSION: Unrestricted gadget use during nighttime can result in sleep-deprived individuals who may not be able to perform as efficiently. Effective measures should be initiated to structure the use of technologies.

Knowledge Attitude and Practice Factors on Parents Regarding Immunization

Immunization is a process by which people get immunity against infectious diseases. Objective: To assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Factors of parents regarding immunization. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional research study design was used to assess “knowledge, attitude and practice factors of parents regarding immunization” conducted among 134 people at EPI center of Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. The population was targeted through convenient sampling technique. Results: The overall result of study shown that parents having good knowledge (70.1%), positive attitude (83.6%) and good practice factors (59%), toward infant Immunization. Parent of child had good knowledge and positive attitude about infant immunization. Immunization was significantly associated with people education. The Cronbach alpha, Bartlett’s and KMO values have been checked to ensure the validity and reliability in our context. The values showed that positive and significant results and tool were considered as reliable and valid for performing statistical analysis. Conclusions: The findings of this study showed that the most of the participants have good knowledge and positive attitude towards the immunization, but still the one third population having the poor knowledge and negative attitude toward immunization due to the lack of knowledge and religious beliefs about the immunization were reported as the major barriers towards the immunization. The study results showed that health related practice factors were appropriate as health care worker who were daily at EPI center and give significant guidance to the parents.

Utilization of health information data in Nairobi County public health facilities; lessons from the field

Background: The vital use of data and information for successful policy-making, planning, monitoring of operations, and decision-making is essential to the administration of today’s health systems. Vital health choices typically rely on political expediency, donor pressure, and rarely replicated countrywide studies that are insensitive to changes unfolding over shorter timescales because data utilization has been constrained and is inadequate.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional research study was conducted where quantitative technique was used for a minimum of 216 respondents. The results were presented in form of tables and charts.Results: The results show that access to routine data (p=0.0001), having a working computer (p=0.023), having access to the internet (p=0.030), having a high level of education (p=0.025), the gender of the health worker (p=0.010), the cadre (p=0.001), participating in data discussion forums (p=0.013), receiving training on data use (p=0.036), collecting data (p=0.041), analysing data (p=0.032), and data management (p=0.007) were substantially correlated with the use of health information data.Conclusions: The level of education, gender of the health worker, cadre, involvement in data discussion forums, training on data utilization, data collection, data analysis, data management, overall levels of competency, access to routine data, access to functional computer and access to internet significantly influenced the utilization of health information data.

Assessment of tobacco cessation activities in the dental settings- A short survey study of 114 responses

A questionnaire survey designed for a population study to assess the tobacco cessation activities carried out in a dental setting.1) To assess the approach followed by dental doctors toward tobacco cessation activities in the dental setting. 2) To understand the barriers (if any) faced by the dentists in conducting tobacco cessation activities. To achieve the aforementioned objectives, a cross-sectional research study was designed to gather information on the approach toward tobacco cessation in a dental setting. This questionnaire was further circulated through diverse WhatsApp groups and through posts on social media sites to obtain responses. Although screening for tobacco-related habits in a dental setting is crucial, only around 40% of the survey respondents reported having “always” (5 out of 5 cases) screened for tobacco-related habits. Nearly 49% of the survey respondent, lacked basic tobacco-related IEC material like banners, posters, demonstration videos, or help books required for patient sensitization. About 64% of respondents reported that they had never attended any tobacco cessation workshops while around 85% of respondents were willing to attend tobacco cessation workshops in near future. The article highlights the role of dentists in the screening of tobacco-related habits. It emphasizes the need for improved IEC/BCC activities to curb the tobacco pandemic. Catering to training needs and sensitization of the dental workforce for effective management of tobacco cases is also being pinpointed. The development of exclusive guidelines or templates for screening forms a major crux of the study.

Forms of Breast Disorders within Females Visiting Breast Disease Clinic

1.1. Background: Breast disorders, either benign or malignant in nature, are clinically common. The forms of breast disorders vary within different nations. 1.2. Objectives: The goal of the current research study is to explore and observe the forms of breast disease and their correlation with various obtained variables of interest in females visiting the breast disease clinic. 1.3. Methodology: A cross-sectional research study performed at El Sahel Teaching Hospital from 1st of May 2017 till 1st of February 2017. A randomly selected cohort of 500 research subjects of all age categories have been enrolled in the research study. The cases have been cat- egorized according to their clinical diagnosis into 3 classes of breast conditions: normal, benign and malignant. The statistical significance was &lt;0.05. 1.4. Results: breast disorders of benign nature diagnosed among (63%) of cases while breast dis- eases of malignant nature composed of (13.2%). The commonest clinical presentation have been mastalgia and breast mass (39.2%), mastalgia (37.6%), and breast mass only (23.2%). Fibro- adenoma (26.2%) has been the most common benign clinical disease with greatest incidence (76.9%) in the age research group below 20 years. Malignant breast diseases have been more frequent with increasing age. Benign breast clinical disorders and pathological lesions were correlated more with nulliparous females (p&lt;0.001). Breast cancer observed (p &lt;0.001) more frequent in a statistically significant fashion with in lactating females recruited in the research cohort. 1.5. Conclusion: Benign diseases and various disorder of the breast is a popular clinical di- agnosis mostly presented in younger females. Breast malignant disease despite the fact that is clinically diagnosed in lower frequency and mainly presented in older age groups, yet its sig- nificance oblige a meticulous evaluation of females of various clinical presentations particularly that of breast mass only or associated with mastalgia.

Nurses’ duty to care during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional survey

BackgroundDespite the increased demand for nurses worldwide, discussion of nurses’ duty to care is lacking. This study aimed to examine nurses’ duty to care during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to identify the influencing factors.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional descriptive research study that used a structured online questionnaire. Registered Korean nurses answered a demographic questionnaire and the Nash Duty to Care Scale.ResultsAge and employment at tertiary hospitals increased nurses’ duty to care. Male sex, a highly educated status, and employment at tertiary hospitals increased the perceived risk. Male sex and employment at tertiary or general hospitals increased confidence in the employer, while a high level of education and a longer total clinical career decreased the same. Age and a higher monthly wage increased perceived obligation. Age, lack of religious beliefs, and clinical experience of 3–7 years increased professional preparedness.ConclusionWithout enough nursing manpower, the disaster response system could prove to be inefficient. Considering that adequate nurse staffing is essential in disaster management, it is crucial to ensure that nurses have a will to provide care in the case of disaster. In the future, a more active discussion on nurses’ duty to care and additional research on factors that may hinder and facilitate the same are needed.

Physical activity and health promotion guidelines for Eswatini University students

ABSTRACT Eswatini university students reportedly live unhealthy lifestyles, increasing their risk of developing non-communicable diseases prompting researchers to create evidence-based physical activity (PA) and health promotion (HP) guidelines, which are currently non-existent. The study aimed to develop physical activity and health promotion reference guidelines for Eswatini University students. A mixed-method approach was used in this non-experimental, descriptive quantitative, qualitative, cross-sectional research study design. HP was measured using piloted health behavior questionnaires, and PA was measured using Omron walking style pro-2.0 pedometers. The study reviewed PA and HP intervention articles on guidelines globally to come up with themes for the guidelines. The University of Eswatini was purposively selected according to predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. From a population of 4020 students, two hundred and thirty-six (236) were randomly selected to participate in the study, with 166 students consenting. University students showed poor healthy habits including insufficient PA levels thus proposed guidelines for PA include at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity daily and aiming to reach 10,000 steps per day. The proposed HP guidelines include smoking control, campus settings like a cafeteria and gyms, improved eating habits, health education, screening for chronic diseases and sexual health, improved sleeping habits, counselling, and mental health services. Evidence-based PA and HP guidelines were developed after unhealthy habits were identified among Eswatini University students. The PA and HP guidelines should be used in conjunction with the given sources and charters, including the Ottawa, Edmonton, Okanagan Charters, and the Health Promoting University (HPU) concept/healthy universities approach.

Frequency Of Ventricular Septal Rupture As A Complication Of Acute St-Elevation Myocardial Infarction In Patients Presenting To A Tertiary Care Hospital.

Nearly one-third of the world's population dies from cardiovascular disorders, the majority of which are caused by stroke and coronary artery problems and 80 percent of these fatalities occur in impoverished countries. This study was conducted to determine the frequency of ventricular septal rupture in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction presenting to cardiology unit Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar. This was descriptive cross sectional research study at the Department of Cardiology, MTI-Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, from January to July 2020. Detailed history was obtained including duration of symptoms, co-morbidities present and occupation. A thorough clinical examination was done for signs of heart failure and ventricular septal rupture. Patients' demographics, clinical and laboratory parameters were recorded on a pro forma. All the data was analyzed statistically by using SPSS version 24.0. A total of 179 patients were included in our study. Ventricular Septal Rupture (VSR), was recorded in 7 (3.9%) patients having Acute ST elevation of MI. In our study age, obesity, reperfusion therapy, location of MI and history of previous shock were observed to be non significantly (p˂0.05) associated with high incidence of Ventricular Septal Rupture in patients having Acute ST elevation of MI. According to our findings, individuals with PI-VSR have a significant risk of acute-phase death. Furthermore, a significant incidence of acute-phase fatalities has been related to female gender and severe cardiac failure upon admission.