Cross-sectional Correlation Research Articles

Correlation of Blood Metal Concentrations with Cognitive Scores and Neuroimaging Findings in Patients with Total Joint Arthroplasty.

Total joint arthroplasty (TJA) implants are composed of metals, ceramics, and/or polyethylene. Studies suggest that the debris released from metal implants may possess neurotoxic properties with reports of neuropsychiatric symptoms and memory deficits, which could be relevant to Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. This exploratory study examined the cross-sectional correlation of blood metal concentrations with cognitive performance and neuroimaging findings in a convenience sample of 113 TJA patients with history of elevated blood metal concentrations of either titanium, cobalt and/or chromium. Associations with neuroimaging measures were observed but not with cognitive scores. Larger studies with longitudinal follow-up are warranted.

The Relationship Between Workload and Nurse Satisfaction During Pandemic in the Pendalungan Jember Area

Workload is an analysis process of the time used by someone in completing a job task, a disproportionate workload will have an impact on stress and can have a negative impact, namely job dissatisfaction. Objectives in this study is to see how workload related to nursing satisfaction during a pandemic in the Pendaluangan Jember area. The research design is a cross-sectional correlation description, Spearman Rho data analysis, the total population of all practicing nurses is 115 nurses with the sampling technique using the Slovin formula with a margin of error of 5% so that 112 nurses are taken as a sample (simple random sampling). The results showed that there was no relationship between workload and nurse satisfaction at the Pendalungan Jember Hospital (p=0.067). The majority's workload assessment was moderate (50%) where out of 112 nurse respondents, the majority of 84 nurses had worked > 5 years (75%), while in terms of education, the majority of Vocational Nursing graduates were 82 nurses (73.2%). Hospitals can increase nurse satisfaction by providing workloads for nurses according to the clinical authority and competence of each nurse so that the nurse's workload becomes lighter and nurse satisfaction can increase.

Measurement Properties of 2 Novel PROs, the Pompe Disease Symptom Scale and Pompe Disease Impact Scale, in the COMET Study.

The Pompe Disease Symptom Scale (PDSS) and Impact Scale (PDIS) were created to measure the severity of symptoms and functional limitations experienced by patients with late-onset Pompe disease (LOPD). The objectives of this analysis were to establish a scoring algorithm and to examine the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the measures using data from the COMET clinical trial. The COMET trial was a randomized, double-blind study comparing the efficacy and safety of avalglucosidase alfa and alglucosidase alfa in patients with LOPD aged 16-78 years at baseline. Adult participants (18 years or older) completed the PDSS and PDIS daily for 14 days at baseline and for 2 weeks before quarterly clinic visits for 1 year after randomization using an electronic diary. Data were pooled across treatment groups for the current analyses. Factor analysis and inter-item correlations were used to derive a scoring algorithm. Test-retest and internal consistency analyses examined the reliability of the measures. Correlations with criterion measures were used to evaluate validity and sensitivity to change. Anchor and distribution-based analyses were conducted to estimate thresholds for meaningful change. Five multi-item domain scores were derived from the PDSS (Shortness of Breath, Overall Fatigue, Fatigue/Pain, Upper Extremity Weakness, Pain) and 2 from the PDIS (Mood, Difficulty Performing Activities). Internal consistency (Cronbach α > 0.90) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation >0.60) of the scores were supported. Cross-sectional and longitudinal correlations with the criterion measures generally supported the validity of the scores (r > 0.40). Within-patient meaningful change estimates ranging from 1.0 to 1.5 points were generated for the PDSS and PDIS domain scores. The PDSS and PDIS are reliable and valid measures of LOPD symptoms and functional impacts. The measures can be used to evaluate burden of LOPD and effects of treatments in clinical trials, observational research, and clinical practice. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02782741.

The Relationship between Bullying and Emotional State among Undergraduate Nursing Students: A Cross-Sectional Correlation Study.

Bullying behavior by nursing students is a serious problem that has contributed to the drop in numbers in the nursing profession. The study investigated the relationship between bullying and the emotional state of undergraduate nursing students. The study used a cross-sectional correlation design with a sample of 286 undergraduate nursing students from multiple nursing colleges located in the western region of Saudi Arabia. The 21-item depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS-21) was used to measure the study outcomes. A revised version of the Bullying Assessment Questionnaire was used to assess bullying experiences. Statistical analyses, including a t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and a one-way between-subjects ANOVA, determined the significance of the relationship between study variables. There was a high prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among Saudi nursing students. Most of the respondents reported mild to extremely severe symptoms of depression (58.7%), anxiety (58%), and stress (44.8%). Around 90.1% of the nursing students reported exposure to a form of bullying over the previous 12 months. The most common items reported as part of this behavior included continually being assigned tasks beyond their capacity. Family members were the most frequently reported source of bullying (29.8%), followed by nursing faculties (20.9%). Bullying behavior was positively correlated with students' scores for depression, r (284) = 0.49, n = 286, p < 0.01; anxiety, r (284) = 0.54, p < 0.01; and stress, r (284) = 0.56, p < 0.01. The study's findings raise concerns and highlight the importance of decreasing the risk of depression, anxiety, and stress among undergraduate nursing students. Nurse educators must ensure that students receive psychological support to decrease these psychological outcomes. Regularly monitoring bullying behavior is essential to maintain students' psychological stability, which could eventually reduce professional dropout rates.

HUBUNGAN PERILAKU CERDIK DENGAN KUALITAS HIDUP PENDERITA DIABETES MELITUS (DM) TIPE 2 DIMASA KENORMALAN BARU

ABSTRACT Covid-19 is a threatening condition for humans, including people with diabetes mellitus (DM). To prevent the worsening, it is necessary to control the condition of patients with DM using the CERDIK behavior model, which can improve their quality of life. This study aims to determine the relationship between applying the CERDIK behavior model and the quality of life of patients with type 2 DM in the new normal. This is quantitative research with a cross-sectional approach correlation design. The population in this study was 102 people. There were 81 respondents taking part in this study chosen using a non-probability sampling technique. The data were collected using the CERDIK behavior model questionnaire and the WHOQOL-BREEF quality of life questionnaire. This study used univariate and bivariate analysis with the chi-square test. The results showed that, on average, most respondents were age 57; 38.3% had a high school education, 90.1% were female, 61.7% were housewives, and 70.4% had suffered DM for &lt; 5 years. The study also found that there was a relationship between the application of CERDIK model behavior and the quality of life of patients with type 2 DM during the new normal in psychological well-being with a p-value of 0.012 (α &lt;0.05) in social relationships with a p-value of 0.026 (α&lt;0.05), and in the environment with a p-value of 0.034 (α&lt;0.05). In contrast, there was no relationship between applying the CERDIK behavior model and the quality of life of patients with type 2 DM during the new normal in physical health, with a p-value of 0.357 (α&lt;0.05). Public health centers are recommended to promote health and motivate people with DM to continue living healthy life.

Correlation of intrinsic fusion barriers and evaporation residue cross-sections of SHEs

Correlation of intrinsic fusion barriers and evaporation residue cross-sections of SHEs

Populist governments, judicial independence, and public trust in the courts

ABSTRACT Can governments make courts politically compliant without undermining public confidence in the judicial system? Many studies show a positive relationship between judicial independence and citizens’ trust in courts. However, most of them have shown static cross-sectional correlations rather than actual effects of court curbing on trust. Factors such as citizens’ level of education and political preferences may also play a role in moderating reactions to court curbing. We analyse how assaults on judicial independence by populist governments in Turkey, Hungary, and Poland affected judicial trust, using a difference-in-differences approach to Eurobarometer data. While we find evidence that court curbing has an adverse effect on judicial trust, this effect is much clearer among citizens who are ideologically distant from their governments. These findings coincide with experimental evidence indicating how citizens tolerate democratic backsliding, suggesting that, for many, trust in the judicial system can subsist even when courts are made politically subservient.

The Impact of Turkey and Syria Earthquakes on University Students: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms, Meaning in Life, and Social Support.

(1) Background: Earthquakes are natural disasters that often result in significant loss of life and property. The objective of this study is to explore the frequency of symptoms associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), levels of meaning in life (ML), and perceived social support (SS) among university students in the aftermath of the earthquake that occurred in Turkey and Syria in 2023. (2) Methods: This study utilizes a cross-sectional correlation design to achieve its objectives among 603 university students from two public universities using an online survey (via Google Forms). The survey was launched one month after the earthquake in Turkey and Syria and concluded on 6 April 2023. (3) Results: The results indicate that a total of 158 university students, constituting 26.20% of the sample, reported extreme symptoms of PTSD. The results also indicate that 184 students (30.51), and 140 students (23.22%) reported low levels of ML and SS, respectively. Female students were significantly more vulnerable to experiencing PTSD symptoms, as well as difficulties in finding ML and SS. Finally, results revealed that students who were pursuing postgraduate studies had a greater likelihood of exhibiting symptoms indicative of PTSD. (4) Conclusions: It is recommended that universities provide support services and resources for students experiencing PTSD symptoms.

Tingkat Pengetahuan tentang Anemia dan Hubungannya dengan Kepatuhan Konsumsi Tablet Fe pada Remaja Putri di MTS Raudhatul Muta’allimin Tahun 2021

Introduction: Adolescence is a period that is passed in every individual development, adolescent development is a period of individual development which is a period of achieving mental, emotional, social, physical and escape patterns from childhood to adulthood Objectives: To find out the relationship between the level of knowledge about anemia and the compliance with consumption of Fe tablets in young women at MTs Raudhatul Muta'allimin in 2021 Methods: The research design used is correlation analytic with a cross-sectional correlation or cross-sectional approach. Cross-sectional approach. The population in this study were female students at Mts Raudhatul Muta’allimin 75 people. The sample calculation in this study was total sampling. The sample inclusion criteria in this study were young women who attended school at Mts Raudhatul Muta’allimin in 2021. The instrument used a questionnaire. In this study, the Chi-square test was used to see the dependence between the independent variables and the dependent variable on a nominal or ordinal scale. Results: The results of the bivariate analysis of the level of knowledge of anemia showed p = 0.000, and the bivariate analysis of adherence to Fe tablet consumption showed p = 0.000. Conclusion: Based on the results of research on the relationship between the level of knowledge about anemia and adherence to Fe tablets consumption in adolescent girls at MTs Raudhatul Muta'allimin in 2021

The developmental interplay between the p-factor of psychopathology and the g-factor of intelligence from age 7 through 16 years.

Intelligence and mental health are the core pillars of individual adaptation, growth, and opportunity. Here, we charted across childhood and adolescence the developmental interplay between the p-factor of psychopathology, which captures the experience of symptoms across the spectrum of psychiatric disorders, and the g-factor of general intelligence that describes the ability to think, reason, and learn.Our preregistered analyses included 7,433 twin pairs from the Twins Early Development Study (TEDS), who were born 1994 to 1996 in England and Wales. At the ages 7, 9, 12, and 16 years, the twins completed two to four intelligence tests, and multi-informant measures (i.e., self-, parent- and teacher-rated) of psychopathology were collected.Independent of their cross-sectional correlations, p- and g-factors were linked by consistent, bidirectional, and negative cross-lagged paths across childhood and adolescence (from -.07 to -.13 with 95% CIs from -.03 to -.15). The cross-lagged paths from intelligence to psychopathology were largely due to genetic influences, but the paths from psychopathology to intelligence were driven by environmental factors, and increasingly so with age.Our findings suggest that intelligence and psychopathology are developmentally intertwined due to fluctuating etiological processes. Understanding the interplay of g- and p-factors is key for improving children's developmental outcomes.

Reply Re: "Reduction in Extraocular Muscle Cross-sectional Area and Correlation With Extraocular Motility and Diplopia Following Teprotumumab for Thyroid Eye Disease".

Reply Re: "Reduction in Extraocular Muscle Cross-sectional Area and Correlation With Extraocular Motility and Diplopia Following Teprotumumab for Thyroid Eye Disease".

Re: "Reduction in Extraocular Muscle Cross-sectional Area and Correlation With Extraocular Motility and Diplopia Following Teprotumumab for Thyroid Eye Disease".

Re: "Reduction in Extraocular Muscle Cross-sectional Area and Correlation With Extraocular Motility and Diplopia Following Teprotumumab for Thyroid Eye Disease".

Altitude and metabolic syndrome in China: Beneficial effects of healthy diet and physical activity.

The correlation between altitude and metabolic syndrome has not been extensively studied, and the mediation effects of diet and physical activity remain unclear. We evaluated the cross-sectional correlations between altitude and metabolic syndrome and the possible mediation effects of diet and physical activity in China. We included 89 485 participants from the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort. We extracted their altitude information from their residential addresses and determined if they had metabolic syndrome by the presence of three or more of the following components: abdominal obesity, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), elevated triglycerides, elevated glucose, and high blood pressure at recruitment. We conducted multivariable logistic regression and mediation analyses for all and separately for Han ethnic participants. The participants had a mean age of 51.67 years and 60.56% were female. The risk difference of metabolic syndrome was -3.54% (95% confidence interval (CI) = -4.24, -2.86) between middle and low altitudes, -1.53% (95%CI = -2.53, -0.46) between high and low altitudes, and 2.01% (95% CI = 0.92, 3.09) between high and middle altitudes. Of the total estimated effect between middle and low altitude, the effect mediated by increased physical activity was -0.94% (95% CI = -1.04, -0.86). Compared to low altitude, the effects mediated by a healthier diet were -0.40% (95% CI = -0.47, -0.32) for middle altitude and -0.72% (95% CI = -0.87, -0.58) for high altitude. Estimates were similar in the Han ethnic group. Living at middle and high altitudes was significantly associated with lower risk of metabolic syndrome compared to low altitude, with middle altitude having the lowest risk. We found mediation effects of diet and physical activity.

The Covid-19 Crisis and the Impact of Vulnerability on Economic Growth

The present study, aimed at determining the level of resilience of a country, identified the effects of the health crisis as a form of external shock on the impact relationship between vulnerability and economic growth. Using a macroeconomic perspective, we conducted panel data estimates on a sample of countries classified by level of vulnerability (high, medium, and low) using the FGLS method for panel data with cross-sectional and serial correlation over the period 2000-2021.&#x0D;

The cross-sectional correlates and longitudinal predictors of involvement in violent and bullying behavior among adolescents and young adults: evidence from India

The cross-sectional correlates and longitudinal predictors of involvement in violent and bullying behavior among adolescents and young adults: evidence from India

Anxiety and posttraumatic stress in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19: prevalence, characteristics, comorbidity, and clinical correlates.

Anxiety and post-traumatic stress symptoms have been reported in association with acute and post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). This study aimed to document the cross-sectional prevalence, characteristics and clinical correlates of anxiety and post-traumatic stress in a study of neuropsychiatric sequelae of COVID-19. 75 participants recruited from a post-COVID-19 recovery program and the community were assessed for sociodemographic, medical, psychiatric, and neurocognitive symptoms and performance. The generalized anxiety questionnaire-7 (GAD-7) and post-traumatic stress disorder questionnaire for DSM5 (PCL5) were utilized to measure anxiety and PTSD symptoms. Established cutoff scoring for the GAD-7 and algorithm-based scoring of the PCL5 were utilized to determine clinically significant anxiety symptoms and PTSD, respectively. The cohort was 71% female, 36% ethnic minority, with the main age of 43.5 years, 80% employment, 40% with the prior psychiatric treatment history and 2/3 seeking post-COVID care for PASC. Clinically significant anxiety symptoms were found in 31% and PTSD was found in 29% of the cohort. Nervousness and excessive worry were the most prominent anxiety symptoms, while changes in mood/cognition and avoidance were most frequent in PTSD. There was a high degree of comorbidity between clinically significant anxiety symptoms, PTSD, depression and fatigue. In logistic regression, acute COVID illness severity, prior psychiatric history, and memory complaints (but not objective neuropsychological performance) predicted clinically significant anxiety symptoms and/or PTSD. Clinically significant anxiety and PTSD are found in approximately 1 of 3 individuals after COVID-19 infection. They are highly comorbid with each other as well as with depression and fatigue. All patients seeking care for PASC should be screened for these neuropsychiatric complications. Symptoms of worry, nervousness, subjective changes in mood, and cognition as well as behavioral avoidance are particularly important targets of clinical intervention.

Climate change, institutional quality and food security: Sub-Saharan African experiences.

Studies in the past have interrogated the link between climate change and food security in general without giving attention to institutional quality as part of the strategic drivers. Thus, this study investigates the nexus of climate change, institutional quality and food Security in sub-Saharan Africa. To achieve the objective of this study, data were gathered from 26 selected African countries across Central Africa, East Africa, Southern African and West Africa regions. The data which comprised 16 variables spanned the period 1996–2020. After careful preliminary econometric procedures, the empirical models were estimated using Ordinary Least Square regression (OLS) and Cross Sectional - Autoregressive Distributed Lag (CS-ARDL) models designed to overcome the potential problems of cross-section correlation in the errors. Two models were estimated across the dimension of food availability and accessibility. The results from the estimation reaffirm the crucial role of climate change in sustainable food in the region. However, evidence revealed the negligible role of institutional quality in the attainment of food security. Thus, the study recommends that it is pertinent for Africa to adopt and domesticate initiatives to prevent climate change as part of the wider effort to guarantee food security in the region. Similarly, institutional quality should be re-positioned and refocused to be alive to the issue of sustainable food security as part of the effort to eliminate poverty in the region.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Health-Related Quality of Life in Older Adults With Preoperative Knee Osteoarthritis

Knee osteoarthritis is prevalent in older adults worldwide. Quality of life was negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was designed to examine osteoarthritis severity and health-related quality of life (QOL) in older adults with knee osteoarthritis before total knee replacement during the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify the related predictors of QOL. This cross-sectional correlation study involved convenience sampling in the orthopedic ward of a regional teaching hospital in central Taiwan from June 2020 to June 2021 using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index and the SF-36v2 Health Survey. The data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis, independent samples t test, and one-way analysis of variance to determine correlations among demographic variables, osteoarthritis severity, and QOL. The predictors of QOL were examined using stepwise multiple linear regression analysis. A total of 60 older adults diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis were sampled. The average age was 70 years and the average osteoarthritis severity score was 70.45. Being male, having comorbidities, and having a relatively high level of monthly disposable income were associated with poorer QOL. Moreover, more severe knee pain, stiffness, and physical dysfunction were associated with better psychological QOL. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the severity of knee osteoarthritis affects preoperative quality of life in older adults. Clinicians should detect signs of pain and physical dysfunction in these patients in advance and intervene in a timely manner to improve their QOL before surgery.

The effects of ego integrity and readiness for death on the preferences of care near the end-of-life of hospitalized older adults in long-term care hospitals: A cross-sectional correlation study

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate ego integrity, readiness for death, and preferences of care near the end-of-life among hospitalized older adults in long-term care hospitals and identify factors that influence end-of-life care preference. Methods: A total of 181 older adults in long-term care hospitals participated in the study, and data collection was conducted from July 20th, 2020 to September 20th, 2020. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlations, and multiple regression were used for data analysis. Results: The older adults in hospitalized in long-term care hospitals preferred pain management even at the risk of hastened death, while the least preferred option was autonomous decision-making, including artificially prolonging human life. Regarding end-of-life care preferences, ego-integrity (β=-.18, p=.004) and death-readiness (β=-.18, p=.005) were factors that only influenced the spiritual domain and in the pain domain, it was confirmed that only the ego-integrity (β=-.16, p=.013) was affected. Conclusion: Although ego integrity and readiness for death did not affect all areas of end-of-life care preference among older adults in long-term care hospitals, they represent significant variables denoting positive acceptance of death and life satisfaction. As such, it is necessary to provide various opportunities for these factors to be considered in the overall process of aging. Furthermore, it has been confirmed that other variables can influence each subdomain of end-of-life care preference. Therefore, nurses should support hospitalized older adults in receiving end-of-life care according to their preferred domains.

The impact of resilience on headache disability as measured by the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS).

Our objectives were to examine cross-sectional correlations of headache disability with measures of resilience, anxiety, and depression, and to determine if resilience modified the association between headache severity/frequency and disability. Resilience is associated with quality of life and functioning among patients with chronic conditions. We investigated whether resilience strongly mitigates headache-related disability as measured by the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS). We prospectively recruited 160 patients with primary headache disorders seen in a tertiary headache medicine program between February 20, 2018 and August 2, 2019. Each participant completed the MIDAS, Conner Davidson Resilience Scale (CDRS-25), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and WHO-5 Well-Being Index. The CDRS-25 score was negatively correlated with the total MIDAS (r = -0.21, p = 0.009), GAD-7 (r = -0.56, p < 0.001), and PHQ-9 scores (r = -0.34, p < 0.001). Well-being inversely correlated with disability (r = -0.37, p < 0.001). Increases in anxiety and depression increased the odds of disability. A 1 point increase in the CDRS-25 score decreased the odds of being severely disabled by 4% (OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.94 to 0.99, p = 0.001). However, the CDRS-25 score did not significantly moderate the association between headache days and disability. Traits associated with resilience decreased the odds of severe disability from headaches, whereas anxiety, depression, and headache frequency were strongly associated with higher disability from headache.