Cross-sectional Analysis Research Articles

Spatial pattern and determinants of non-condom use among sexually active young people in Nigeria: a population-based, cross-sectional study

Non-condom use is known as one of the risky sexual behaviors among youth and a contributing factor to the high prevalence of HIV in Nigeria. Therefore this study aimed to assess the spatial pattern and determinants of non-condom use among sexually active young people in Nigeria. The study employed a cross-sectional analysis of population-based data involving 288 males and 780 females aged 15–24 years, giving 1068 sexually active young people drawn from the 2018 NDHS. The study adopted a multi-level and spatial analysis to identify factors associated with non-condom use in Nigeria. The prevalence of non-condom use was 57.7% in this study. The spatial analysis showed that the Northeastern and South–South regions of Nigeria had a high proportion of non-condom use among young people, while the Northwest, North-Central, and Southwestern parts had low proportions of non-condom use. On multilevel analysis, the individual and community level factors associated with non-condom use included exposure to media (AOR 0.59; 95% CI 0.39–0.91) and younger age (AOR 0.72; 95% CI 0.53–0.98). Areas with a high proportion of non-condom use should receive the most attention through the promotion of condom use and education, alongside a focus on important associated factors.

Temporal associations between specific depressive symptoms and physical inactivity in middle aged and older adults

Being physically inactive can worsen mental health. Physical inactivity and depression are associated, but the temporal precedence and underlying mechanism are unclear; symptoms affecting future physical activity may not be the same symptoms as those associated with and affected by it. We used large European cohort (Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe, SHARE, N= 124, 526) to study temporal associations between physical inactivity and individual depressive symptoms. Multivariate regression with robust standard errors were used to analyze how physical inactivity is associated with later depression and how depressive symptoms predict later physical inactivity. After adjusting the models for demographics, other health behaviors, BMI, and chronic diseases, physical inactivity was prospectively associated with 10 of the 12 depressive symptoms and 7 of the 12 baseline depressive symptoms were prospectively associated with physical inactivity. These findings were robust for adjusting for antidepressant medication. Age-stratified analyses suggested that the associations between physical inactivity and depressive symptoms were independent of age. Omitting the most influential symptom, lack of enjoyment, from the sum score attenuated the association by 13% in the longitudinal and by 26% in the cross-sectional analyses. These findings suggest that physical inactivity and depression are bidirectionally associated even at symptom-level.

51807 Anxiety and Depression in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients with Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

51807 Anxiety and Depression in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients with Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

54842 Trends in dermatophytosis prevalence and disparity: a cross-sectional analysis

54842 Trends in dermatophytosis prevalence and disparity: a cross-sectional analysis

52313 Evaluating Lichen Sclerosus Content on TikTok by Content Creators: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

52313 Evaluating Lichen Sclerosus Content on TikTok by Content Creators: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

51941 Hidradenitis Suppurativa is Associated with Cardiometabolic Comorbidities After Controlling for Obesity in a Racially/Ethnically Diverse Population: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

51941 Hidradenitis Suppurativa is Associated with Cardiometabolic Comorbidities After Controlling for Obesity in a Racially/Ethnically Diverse Population: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

Obesity aggravates the role of C-reactive protein on knee pain: A cross-sectional analysis with NHANES data.

To examine the relationship between C-reactive protein (CRP) and knee pain, and further explore whether this association is mediated by obesity. The population was derived from 1999 to 2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between CRP and knee pain in three different models, and the linear trend was analyzed. A restricted cubic spline model to assess the nonlinear dose-response relationship between CRP and knee pain. Mediation analyses were used to assess the potential mediating role of obesity. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were performed to ensure robustness. Compared with adults with lower CRP (first quartile), those with higher CRP had higher risks of knee pain (odds ratio 1.39, 95% confidence interval 1.12-1.72 in third quartile; 1.56, 1.25-1.95 in fourth quartile) after adjusting for covariates (except body mass index[BMI]), and the proportion mediated by BMI was 76.10% (p < .001). BMI and CRP were linear dose-response correlated with knee pain. The odds ratio for those with obesity compared with normal to knee pain was 2.27 (1.42-3.65) in the first quartile of CRP, 1.99 (1.38-2.86) in the second, 2.15 (1.38-3.33) in the third, and 2.92 (1.72-4.97) in the fourth. Obesity mediated the systemic inflammation results in knee pain in US adults. Moreover, higher BMI was associated with higher knee pain risk in different degree CRP subgroups, supporting an important role of weight loss in reducing knee pain caused by systemic inflammation.

Prediction of sectional collapse of thin-walled structure under pure bending by nonlinear composite beam theory

Brazier (1927) found that when one dimension of the beam cross-section was relatively smaller than the others, large in-plane displacements over the cross-section might occur, even though the strains could remain very small. Under this circumstance, the so-called Brazier effect refers to the cross-sectional ovalization, which leads to nonlinear bending buckling and collapses. This paper studies the Brazier effect by the nonlinear Variational Asymptotic Beam Sectional Analysis (VABS) theory which considers finite cross-sectional deformations. Nonlinear VABS reduces three-dimensional (3D) continuum to a one-dimensional (1D) beam analysis and a two-dimensional (2D) cross-sectional analysis featuring both geometric and material nonlinearities without unnecessary kinematic assumptions. The present theory is implemented using the finite element method (FEM) in the VABS code, a general-purpose beam cross-sectional analysis tool. An iterative method is applied to solve the finite warping field for the classical-type model using the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. The deformation gradient tensor is directly used to deal with finite deformation, various strain definitions, and several types of material laws regarding nonlinear elasticity and progressive damage. Numerical examples demonstrate the capabilities of VABS to predict the sectional collapse of thin-walled structures under pure bending.

51916 Associations between Obesity, Disease Severity, Comorbidities, and Medications in Pediatric and Adolescent Hidradenitis Suppurativa Patients: A Cohort and Cross-Sectional Analysis

51916 Associations between Obesity, Disease Severity, Comorbidities, and Medications in Pediatric and Adolescent Hidradenitis Suppurativa Patients: A Cohort and Cross-Sectional Analysis

The Role of Spiritual Well-Being and Religious Coping in Psychiatric Morbidities Associated with Breast Cancer Patients: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

Background: Spirituality and religious resources support and enhance both overall and emotional well-being during adversity such as diagnosis of breast cancer. Breast cancer patients are at higher risk of developing severe anxiety, depression, and potential mood disorders. Aim: The aim is to assess, compare, and correlate spiritual well-being and religious coping in patients with breast cancer with and without psychiatric disorders (anxiety and depression). Materials and Methodology: Recently diagnosed 90 treatment-naïve breast cancer patients were selected in adherence to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Spiritual Assessment Scale, and Brief Religious Coping Scale were applied to the sample population. The study population was divided into two groups depending on scores of HADS, those having psychiatric disorders, and those who did not have. The data were analyzed using Mann‒Whitney test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient in the SPSS version 21. Results: More than half (61.1%) of the females suffered from psychiatric disorders after diagnosis of breast cancer. About 50% and 38.9% of the study population developed significant emotional distress, leading to the diagnosis of cases of anxiety and depression, respectively. Females suffering from psychiatric disorders have significantly lower spirituality, positive religious coping, and significantly higher negative religious coping than females without any psychiatric disorder. Total spirituality score (P = 0.034) is making a significant contribution toward predicting depression. Negative religious coping is making a significant contribution toward predicting both anxiety (P = 0.008) and depression (P = 0.045). Conclusion: The study suggests that spirituality and religion-based coping facilitates adaptive psychological adjustment to cancer and decreases the prevalence of anxiety and depression.

Current applications of three-dimensional (3D) printing in pediatric dentistry: a literature review.

Advancements in 3D printing technology are providing a new direction in pediatric dentistry by offering innovative solutions to traditional challenges. The remarkable expansion of 3D printing necessitates a comprehensive examination of its status and applications in the dental field, particularly in the pediatric dentistry. This review provides a comprehensive exploration of the applications of 3D printing in pediatric dental practices by drawing from a systematic search across databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Scielo and the Cochrane Library. The search strategy employed a combination of keywords: "Digital dentistry and 3D printing", "3D printing technology in dentistry", "3D printing in pediatric dentistry" and "3D printing in pediatric dental procedures". The review encompasses a wide array of studies, including original research, cross-sectional analyses, case reports and reviews. A detailed overview is presented in regard to the use of 3D printing for master and educational models, space maintainers, prosthetic restorations, surgical guide, splint design and fracture treatment, fluoride application, autogenous dental transplantation, anterior teeth restoration, and pediatric endodontics and regenerative treatments. This review shows that 3D printing improves clinical outcomes through personalized and precise treatment options and enhances dental students' educational landscape. Areas lacking extensive research were also identified, which warrent further investigation to optimize the integration of 3D printing in pediatric dentistry. By mapping out the current landscape and future directions, the aim of this paper is to support pediatric dentists in recognizing the broad implications of 3D printing for improving patient care and advancing dental education.

Risk factors for Early Childhood Caries in Italian preschoolers: A cross-sectional analysis.

Early childhood caries (ECC) represent a relevant public health issue in paediatric population globally. The current study aimed to investigate the main risk factors of this condition. This is a cross-sectional study carried out at the Child Dentistry Clinics of the Istituto Stomatologico Italiano, Milan, Italy, including patients aged 12-71 months and their parents. Demographical data, anthropometric measurements, oral hygiene and health assessment, and children's eating habits were collected. Our findings, according to recommendations, suggest that the prevention of ECC needs to begin in infancy. Oral health providers, physicians, nurses, and other health care personnel play an important role in educating parents about their child's oral and dental care and food choices.

Association between long-term PM1 exposure and cognition in middle-aged and older adults: Evidence from China and the United Kingdom

Early risk detection and management are essential for cognitive preservation. While particulate matters of diameter small than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) is considered harmful to cognition, the effect of smaller, more penetrative particulate matters of diameter small than 1 μm (PM1) requires further evidence and explicit safety thresholds. In this study, we explored the effects of long-term PM1 exposure on early cognitive impairment and longitudinal cognitive changes in middle-aged and older populations. This study assessed data from two large-scale longitudinal surveys: the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and UK Biobank (UKB). Cross-sectional, longitudinal, and trajectory analyses were conducted to investigate the association between long-term PM1 exposure and cognition. Additionally, the exposure–response curves were fitted to determine the customized thresholds. The findings indicated that sustained PM1 exposure may lead to mild cognitive impairment, particularly at concentrations exceeding 30 and 5.6 μg·m−3 in CHARLS and UKB participants, respectively. Furthermore, we found that long-term PM1 exposure can contribute to rapid cognitive decline at concentrations exceeding 23 and 5.5 μg·m−3 in CHARLS and UKB participants, respectively. In conclusion, reducing PM1 exposure can improve the cognitive health of middle-aged and older adults.

Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in mothers and adolescents after the Wenchuan earthquake: A cross-sectional and longitudinal network analysis

ObjectiveThis study used network analysis to investigate the cross-sectional and longitudinal network between PTSD symptoms within mother-adolescent dyads at 12 and 18 months after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. MethodsThe sample was from the Wenchuan Earthquake Adolescent Health Cohort. 399 mother-adolescent dyads completed the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Self-Rating Scale at 12 and 18 months after the earthquake. We assessed central symptoms (those with the most significant influence on other symptoms) and bridge symptoms (symptoms connecting different communities) in contemporary networks (i.e., cross-sectional networks). Subsequently, cross-lagged panel network analyses (CLPN) were performed to estimate longitudinal relationships among symptoms between dyads. ResultsIn the contemporary networks, symptoms such as “intrusive thoughts” of both dyads and “flashbacks” of adolescents were central, indicating that they are crucial in maintaining the network of PTSD symptoms. Additional symptoms such as maternal “difficulty in concentration” and dyads’ “pessimism and disappointment” should also be considered because of their central roles. Moreover, the temporary network did not directly replicate the contemporary networks, with adolescents’ “nightmares” at 12 months having a high influence on other PTSD symptoms at 18 months. LimitationsSelf-reported tools other than clinical diagnoses were used to collect data. ConclusionsThese symptom-level associations at cross-sectional and longitudinal networks extend our understanding of PTSD symptoms among mother-adolescent dyads by pointing to specific key symptoms of PTSD that may drive the co-occurrence of PTSD among dyads. Recognizing these symptoms is imperative for the development of targeted interventions and treatments aimed at addressing comorbid PTSD in mother-adolescent dyads.

53370 Understanding Burdens and Barriers to Dermatological Management, and Potential for Virtual Care in Northern and Rural Canadian Indigenous Communities: A National Healthcare Practitioner Cross-Sectional Survey Analysis

53370 Understanding Burdens and Barriers to Dermatological Management, and Potential for Virtual Care in Northern and Rural Canadian Indigenous Communities: A National Healthcare Practitioner Cross-Sectional Survey Analysis

The Relationship between Obesity Severity, Participation in Muscle Strength Exercise, and Knee Osteoarthritis in Elderly Women: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Study on Korean Data

The Relationship between Obesity Severity, Participation in Muscle Strength Exercise, and Knee Osteoarthritis in Elderly Women: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Study on Korean Data

Exploring the gender gap in neurosurgery: A cross-sectional analysis of preresidency publications among neurosurgery residents.

While the number of female physicians has increased since the 1970s, there continues to be a lack of female surgeons compared to their male counterparts, with the gender gap more prominent in surgical subspecialties such as neurosurgery. While surgical subspecialities have accelerated initiatives to close the gap, potential disparities in research opportunities may position women at a disadvantage, particularly in neurosurgery, where academic publications are an indicator of residency match success. In this paper, we sought to investigate whether gender disparities exist in preresidency neurosurgery publications among current neurosurgery residents. The present study selected residency programs from the top 25 neurology and neurosurgery hospitals in US News & World Report's 2022 Ranking. A database of neurosurgery residents and their publications was created using PubMed, neurosurgery residency program websites, and supplementary search. Articles published between the time of birth and December 31st of the year of graduation (medical degree) were used to determine publications before residency. Our research indicates that 25.7% (n = 135/526) of US neurosurgery residents at top 25 hospitals are women and 74.3% (n = 391/526) are men. Men (n = 391) had a median of 7 (interquartile range [IQR], 3-14.5; range, 0-129) publications before residency, and women (n = 135) had a median of 7 (IQR, 4-11.0; range, 0-74) publications before residency. There were no significant differences in the median number of publications between genders (p = 0.65). In conclusion, our research indicates there is no gender disparity in preresidency publications among neurosurgery residents. To improve women's representation in the field, further study is needed to better understand gender inequality among neurosurgeons, particularly in the earlier stages of medical training.

The triangular relationship of physical activity, depression, and inflammatory markers: A large cross-sectional analysis with NHANES data

Depression is a major public health problem worldwide and is closely related with systemic inflammatory responses. Additionly, physical activity (PA) is thought to be associated with lower levels of depression and inflammatory markers. This study aimed to elucidate the complex interactions between PA, depression, and inflammatory markers. Based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), various logistic regression were applied to analyze the pairwise correlations among the three. Restrictive cubic splines were constructed to explore the nonlinear relationship between PA and depression. Mediation models were used to identify the mediating role of inflammatory markers. The findings revealed a positive link between depression and inflammatory marker, whereas PA was inversely correlated with both inflammatory marker and depression. Particularly, we noticed the greatest reduction in the risk of depression when the level of PA was between 1200 and 1722 MET-min/week. Besides, we demonstrated that inflammatory markers mediate the potential effects of physical inactivity on depression, ranging from 1.72 % to 6.25 %. In conclusion, PA appear to protect against depression, in which inflammatory markers may play a mediating role. Moreover, we determined the optimal dosage of PA to minimize the likelihood of depression, thereby offering valuable guidance for managing depression.

Association between body mass index and sex hormones among men: Evidence from cross-sectional and Mendelian randomization studies

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the association between Body Mass Index (BMI) and sex hormone levels utilizing a cross-sectional study design alongside Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Materials and methodsA cross-sectional study was performed based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2016. Additionally, a two-sample MR analysis was performed, utilizing Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with BMI identified in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) comprising 339224 individuals. Data on outcomes, including total testosterone (TT, 199569 samples), estradiol (E2, 17134 samples), and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG, 185211 samples), were sourced from the United Kingdom Biobank (UKB). ResultsIn cross-sectional analysis involving 4092 males, multivariable linear regression demonstrated that each unit increase in BMI was positively correlated with an elevated risk of testosterone deficiency (TD), increased E2 levels, and a reduced TT, SHBG, free androgen index and TT/E2. Subsequent quartile division of BMI revealed, through multivariable logistic regression, that higher BMI quartiles were associated with a greater TD risk, elevated E2 levels, and reduced TT, SHBG, and TT/E2 levels compared to quartile 1 (P for trend <0.001). In the MR analysis, a causal effect was established, with each unit increase in BMI being associated with decreased TT (β = −0.17; 95 % CI −0.24 to −0.09) and SHBG (β = −0.13; 95 % CI −0.21 to −0.05) levels. ConclusionsOur findings unveil a causal link between BMI and reduced TT and SHBG levels in males.

Recent trends and disparities in 24-hour movement behaviors among US youth with mental, behavioral and neurodevelopmental conditions

BackgroundMeeting 24-h movement behaviors (24-HMB: physical activity [PA], screen time [ST], and sleep [SL]) recommendations may be associated with positive health outcomes among youth with specific mental, behavioral, and neurodevelopmental (MBD) conditions. However, temporal trends and disparities in meeting 24-HMB guidelines in these higher-risk groups have not been investigated, hampering the development of evidence-based clinical and public health interventions. MethodsSerial, cross-sectional analyses of nationally National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) data (including U.S. youth aged 6–17 years with MBD conditions) were conducted. The time-trends survey data was conducted between 2016 and 2021.The prevalence of 24-HMB adherence estimates were reported for the overall sample and for various sociodemographic subgroups. The subgroups analyzed included: age group (children[aged 6 to 13 years], adolescents[aged 14 to 17 years]), sex, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity. ResultsData on 52,634 individuals (mean age, 12.0 years [SD,3.5]; 28,829 [58.0 %] boys) were analyzed. From 2016 to 2021 the estimated trend in meeting PA + ST + SL guidelines declined (−0.8 % [95%CI, −1.0 % to −0.5 %], P for trend <0.001), whereas meeting none of 24-HMB guidelines increased (2.2 % [1.8 % to 2.6 %], P for trend <0.001). White participants, children, and boys reported higher estimated prevalence of meeting full integrated (PA + ST + SL) guidelines. DiscussionThe temporal trends observed in this study highlight the importance of consistently monitoring movement behavior among MBD youth and identifying variations by sociodemographic groups in meeting 24-HMB guidelines for health promotion within these vulnerable groups.