Cross-disciplinary Education Research Articles

46 Cross-Disciplinary Education in Biostatistics and Epidemiology in Program Managers for CTSA BERD Cores

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The overall goals of this project are: (1) to demonstrate the utility of staff with cross-disciplinary skills in biostatistics and epidemiology as program managers for CTSA BERD Cores, and (2) examine streamlined processes in project triaging, consultations, and data extractions for CTSA service requests when individuals are in this role. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Biostatistics and epidemiology are partnered disciplines incorporated in a variety of research areas, especially in human health sciences and health care. For interdisciplinary teams, including individuals trained in both specialties results in efficient research collaborations. When these individuals are program managers for research navigation, processes become more effective and expedited for project timelines and workflows across the CTSA. Examples of this integration are described in vignettes from project triaging, statistical consultations, and data extractions from CTSA service requests. Process comparisons of previous and current workflows are presented to show the advantages of utilizing this type of program manager within these areas of BERD. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: This project defines three areas of integration for a program manager with cross-disciplinary training in biostatistics and epidemiology: (1) project triaging to statistical teams, (2) study design and analysis consultations, and (3) data extractions. Each of these areas demonstrates prior processes that once would require multiple steps in CTSA service requests (including time, resources, and personnel) and identified common issues (slow response to requests, data re-extractions, and challenges providing statistical support) that are now avoided with a manager with cross-training in biostatistics and epidemiology methods. The advantages and disadvantages of integrating these individuals are also described. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: BERD Cores seeking improvements to research navigation processes can gain efficiency by incorporating program managers with cross-disciplinary training in biostatistics and epidemiology. BERD Cores may also use this as a case study for translational science with innovation to longstanding challenges in CTSA research workflows.

Prioritizing Maternal Mental Health in Addressing Morbidity and Mortality.

The rate of maternal mortality in the United States is 2-fold to 3-fold greater than that in other high-income countries. While many national initiatives have been developed to combat maternal mortality, these efforts often fail to include mental illness. To highlight the underrecognized contribution of mental illness to maternal mortality, which is nearly double that of postpartum hemorrhage. A topic outline was developed to include challenges in measuring perinatal mental conditions and mortality rates; contributions of social determinants of health to mental conditions and mortality; perinatal psychiatric disorder characterization; mechanisms by which maternal mental illness increases mortality, specifically, suicide and addictive disorders; access limitations and care "deserts"; prenatal stress and its impact on reproductive outcomes; increasing clinician expertise through cross-disciplinary education; intervention sites and models; and asserting that mental health is fundamental to maternal health. Publications in the last 3 years were prioritized, particularly those relating to policy. References were selected through consensus. Sources were PubMed, Ovid, direct data published on government websites, and health policy sources such as the Policy Center for Maternal Mental Health. Priority was given to recent sources. Citations from 2022-2023 numbered 26; within the last 5 years, 14; and historical references, 15. Recommendations to address each topic area serve as concluding statements for each section. To mitigate the contributions of mental illness to the maternal mortality risk, a coordinated effort is required across professional and governmental organizations. Concrete programmatic and policy changes are needed to reduce perinatal stress and address trauma, standardize the collection of social determinant of health data among perinatal patients, increase access to reproductive psychiatry curricula among prescribers, reduce perinatal mental health and obstetrical deserts, institute paid parental leave, and support seamless integration of perinatal and behavioral health care. Moreover, instead of focusing on a relatively minor portion of the contributors to health that current medical practice targets, fortifying the social foundation strengthens the prospects for the health of families for our current and future generations.

Exploring Classroom Discipline Strategies and Cultural Dynamics: Lessons from the Japanese Education System

This academic study examines classroom discipline strategies and cultural dynamics within the Japanese education system. It focuses on their effects on classroom management and cross-cultural education. The study aims to provide valuable lessons from the Japanese approach to classroom discipline, student engagement, and the influence of national factors on student-teacher relationships and communication. The main objective of the study is to highlight the fundamental rules of Japanese classrooms, emphasizing respect, hierarchy, and authority. It examines how these values shape the overall discipline and approach adopted by Japanese teachers. This will help in providing a framework for understanding unique classroom management practices in Japan. This study provides valuable insights into classroom management strategies in Japan and their relevance to cross-disciplinary education. By understanding Japanese classroom cultural dynamics and discipline strategies, educators and policymakers can gain a broader perspective. They can also adapt effective practices to create inclusive and engaging learning environments. The study also suggests avenues for future research, encouraging further exploration of cultural dynamics and their implications for education systems worldwide.

Rhetoric, Research, and Revolution: Analyzing Cultural Rhetorics to Rethink Pedagogical Frameworks

This essay explores the results of a dissertation research project on the effective communication and rhetorical practices of sommeliers and wine professionals. Through rhetorical analysis of this industry’s discourse, frameworks for teaching communication in the Humanities have been reenvisioned in light of recent cultural revolutions. Potential methods for recomposing teaching and learning structures are discussed to illuminate more opportunities for reflection on the rhetorical situation and enjoyment of the process of developing ourselves as communicators. The overarching goal of this research is to show how Humanities researchers can use the affordances of cross-disciplinary education to revitalize learning about traditional concepts by pairing unconventional and sometimes contrasting perspectives & to reveal new ways of thinking.

Implementation of precision medicine in healthcare-A European perspective.

The technical development of high-throughput sequencing technologies and the parallel development of targeted therapies in the last decade have enabled a transition from traditional medicine to personalized treatment and care. In this way, by using comprehensive genomic testing, more effective treatments with fewer side effects are provided to each patient-that is, precision or personalized medicine (PM). In several European countries-such as in England, France, Denmark, and Spain-the governments have adopted national strategies and taken "top-down" decisions to invest in national infrastructure for PM. In other countries-such as Sweden, Germany, and Italy with regionally organized healthcare systems-the profession has instead taken "bottom-up" initiatives to build competence networks and infrastructure to enable equal access to PM. In this review, we summarize key learnings at the European level on the implementation process to establish sustainable governance and organization for PM at the regional, national, and EU/international levels. We also discuss critical ethical and legal aspects of implementing PM, and the importance of access to real-world data and performing clinical trials for evidence generation, as well as the need for improved reimbursement models, increased cross-disciplinary education and patient involvement. In summary, PM represents a paradigm shift, and modernization of healthcare and all relevant stakeholders-that is, healthcare, academia, policymakers, industry, and patients-must be involved in this system transformation to create a sustainable, non-siloed ecosystem for precision healthcare that benefits our patients and society at large.

Illustrations in Cross-Disciplinary Education: Cross-Boundary Applications and Research

Illustrations in Cross-Disciplinary Education: Cross-Boundary Applications and Research

Postgraduate entrepreneurship education: can entrepreneurial passion be developed?

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine postgraduate students' reflexive narratives about their entrepreneurial passion (EP) experience as a result of their direct participation in a series of hand-selected experiential learning events within the curated identity workspace (IW) of a cross-disciplinary postgraduate entrepreneurship education programme. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a qualitative exploratory design using interpretative phenomenological analysis with a group of graduate students from a cross-disciplinary postgraduate entrepreneurship education program at an entrepreneurial university. Findings This study discovers that students’ EP experience is developed through the internalisation of an entrepreneurship learning activity into their personal identity through the harmonisation and reorganisation of their competing micro-identities of professional and entrepreneurial identity, prompting them to create a new identity that enables them to act entrepreneurially without relinquishing their existing professional identity. Originality/value This study demonstrates how entrepreneurial education programmes function as an IW and posits a theoretical model illustrating the hidden connections between entrepreneurial activity, personal identity and entrepreneurial learning experience that collectively influence individuals' entrepreneurial behaviour.

Opportunities for Implementing a Cross-Disciplinary Approach in Institutions of Professional Pre-Higher and Higher Education in Ukraine

The paper highlights the opportunities for implementing an cross-disciplinary approach in institutions of professional pre-higher and higher education in Ukraine under conditions of decentralization. The paper aims to identify the status and prospects of implementing the cross-disciplinary approach in institutions of professional pre-higher and higher education under conditions of guaranteed academic autonomy. The following theoretical methods are used in research: analysis of scientific literature and legislative acts; synthesis, systematization and generalization of the obtained results; surveys; statistical processing of empirical data. The results. It is found out that the academic autonomy of vocational schools and higher education institutions in Ukraine is declared at the state level through the right to introduce specialties, develop and implement educational programs, independently determine forms of education and forms of organizing educational process, determine the content and curricular, provide publishing activities. The results of the survey among both vocational schools teachers and higher education institutions teachers show that the realization of the right to academic autonomy for different participants of educational process is not equal. They are most implemented for the education institutions administration, then for teachers and only then for students. It is substantiated that implementing the principle of autonomy of pre-higher and higher education institutions under the conditions of increased influence of the global labour market on education and growing qualification gap actualizes the need to introduce the cross-disciplinary approach. A survey aimed at introducing forms of cross-disciplinary education shows their above-average use in vocational schools and higher education institutions, mostly in cross-disciplinary links, combining knowledge, methods from different specialties while studying individual subjects and between disciplines in the curriculum. The direction of development of cross-disciplinary programs is the least realized in practice. Conclusions. Positive developments in terms of efficiency, productivity, quality and affordability are possible only if all the stakeholders unite their efforts as well as the staff of vocational schools and higher education institutions start to work together. The research provides the basis to assert that the strategic directions for developing educational sector in Ukraine aimed at decentralization and autonomy identified at the state level are relevant. The autonomy of educational institutions improves the quality of vocational education through the development and implementation of new specialties and specializations, the integration of educational programs within individual specialties, strengthening cross-disciplinary links at the level of content and teaching methodology.

Food and lifestyle education in Tuscan schoolchildren: 2018-2019 follow-up of a long-term campaign

Abstract Background Nutritional profile, physical activity level and sedentary behaviours, in preteen age, are determinants able to influence both short and long-term state of health, therefore succeeding in health education campaigns addressed to this age group is critical for the interested population. Is currently underway the multiannual follow-up of the Italian “sCOOL FOOD - Per un Futuro di tutto Rispetto” project of Monte dei Paschi Foundation of Siena, Tuscany, which offers year-round cycles of classes and workshops about the themes listed above. Our objective was to assess whether this intervention could significantly influence over time healthy, and unhealthy, behaviours of the participants. Methods We structured the follow-up as a prospective cohort study with one-group pretest-posttest design. We used the CAWI technique, building a questionnaire based on the Italian “OKkio alla Salute” survey, and collected data from the whole population of students enrolled in the project (in the school year 2018-2019 they were 3787, aged from 7 to 12) before and after the intervention. Afterwards, we conducted paired data analysis on the frequencies of specific behaviours. Results We analysed paired data from 310 respondents. Improvements were gained in: afternoon TV watching (OR 0.54; 0.34 - 0.84; p < 0.01), consumption of sweet (OR 0.39; 0.16 - 0.88; p < 0.05) and salty (0.42; 0.18 - 0.90; p < 0.05) snacks, attitude to play outdoors after school (OR 2.6; 1.21 - 6.04; p < 0.01), sedentary behaviour in leisure time (OR 0.27; 0.16 - 0.44; p < 0.0001), mean weekly sport activity (+0.14 days; +0.02 - +0.27; p < 0.05). No variable has deteriorated. Conclusions The improved compliance with healthy behaviours in the participants at this project suggests its viability as a health promotion campaign. Further parallel surveys on control groups are pending, in order to control potential confounders such as the seasonality of some habits and the awareness of the participants on the addressed subjects. Key messages A coordinated and cross-disciplinary food and lifestyle year-round education campaign at school can affect health determinants of children. School can correct unfavourable eating and lifestyle behaviours determined by family habits.

An integrated, modular approach to data science education in microbiology.

We live in an increasingly data-driven world, where high-throughput sequencing and mass spectrometry platforms are transforming biology into an information science. This has shifted major challenges in biological research from data generation and processing to interpretation and knowledge translation. However, postsecondary training in bioinformatics, or more generally data science for life scientists, lags behind current demand. In particular, development of accessible, undergraduate data science curricula has the potential to improve research and learning outcomes as well as better prepare students in the life sciences to thrive in public and private sector careers. Here, we describe the Experiential Data science for Undergraduate Cross-Disciplinary Education (EDUCE) initiative, which aims to progressively build data science competency across several years of integrated practice. Through EDUCE, students complete data science modules integrated into required and elective courses augmented with coordinated cocurricular activities. The EDUCE initiative draws on a community of practice consisting of teaching assistants (TAs), postdocs, instructors, and research faculty from multiple disciplines to overcome several reported barriers to data science for life scientists, including instructor capacity, student prior knowledge, and relevance to discipline-specific problems. Preliminary survey results indicate that even a single module improves student self-reported interest and/or experience in bioinformatics and computer science. Thus, EDUCE provides a flexible and extensible active learning framework for integration of data science curriculum into undergraduate courses and programs across the life sciences.

Современное преподавание иммунологии: традиции и актуальные тенденции

Currently, fundamental and clinical immunology is undergoing rapid development, and this science is becoming one of the leading disciplines of modern biology and medicine, interdisciplinary, the base of life sciences. Thus the growing interest in immunology, and accordingly, spread of teaching thereof, observed in various countries. This review presents the main stages of development of teaching immunology in our country: creation of the 1st Department of Immunology at the II N.I. Pirogov Moscow Medical Institute by acad. R.V. Petrov, publication of the 1st textbook on immunology, establishment of the 1st departments of immunology and allergology in medical universities, creation of a new specialty – «physician allergologist-immunologist », the recent publication of the 4th edition of textbook «Immunology» by R.M. Khaitov. The principle of immunology education in 2 semesters within a single department was formulated and proved its practicability. Considering the fact that immunology is one of the most rapidly progressing sciences and disciplines taught in higher education, important for future doctors of all specialties, biologists of many specialties, etc., there is a need to make additions to the basic university medical and biological education. Particularly, there is a need for the introduction of the discipline «Allergology and immunology» into the new generation of the Federal State Educational Standard, supplemented with an obligatory exam, which will greatly increase student motivation. To increase the efficiency of the education process, it is advisable to conduct practical classes using interactive forms of studying based on the active interaction between teachers and students: role-playing and business games, collective problem solving, work in small groups (teams), problem-based learning, etc. Cross-disciplinary education is encouraged, specifically the use of knowledge derived from different fields, their grouping and application in the context of the discussed subject. The importance of information and communication technologies in the process of immunology education is increasing as well. The establishment of a unified educational environment ensures effective interaction between teacher and student. These approaches are most relevant in the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic, when the significant part of education is on-line performed. This review also debates the issues regarding the difficulty of training highly qualified immunology teaching staff. 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(Russian) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Immunologiya is the property of Publishing Group GEOTAR-Media and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

A definition and valuation of the UK offsite construction sector: ten years on

Ten years on the offsite construction (OSC) industry continues to be held high as a panacea to the inefficiencies, labour shortages and environmental impact of the construction of our built environment. Speculation concerning the gross output and the debate over the subject of value added continues. The market research questionnaires remain abundant and we have witnessed a deluge of revisions to the categorisation of the sector – with some significant new contributions. Sector growth is critically linked to the availability of skilled labour, the mechanisation of manufacturing processes and data driven processes. We require a new approach to engineering education to deliver our modern workforce and cross-disciplinary education and training is of fundamental importance for the delivery of Construction 4.0. Historical financial data for the period 2000 to 2018 is presented. A breakdown of the sector, examining the standard industrial classification codes, gross output and value added for each categorised sub-sector is provided. The data will continue to assist government and industry in benchmarking, labour forecasting, market research and forecasting growth and diffusion of innovative delivery of offsite built environment infrastructure.

The Importance of Religion for the Evaluation of Everyday Ecological Decisions by German Adolescents

Abstract Although previous research has addressed the relationship between religion and ecology in a variety of ways, little is known concerning how religious orientation affects concrete everyday ecological decisions, although these are centrally important for environmental education. Being interested in elucidating the preconditions of ecological learning in Biology and Religious Education in schools, the authors have developed an approach based on maximum concretion with regard to the ecological decision in which the influence of religion should be evaluated. With this goal in mind, they conducted an empirical study among secondary school students in central Western Germany (N = 815), who were confronted with an everyday ecological dilemma and asked about their reasons for evaluating this situation. The results provide insight into the potential role of German young people’s religious orientations in ecological matters and call for a decisive profiling of how cross-disciplinary education can contribute to this key question for future.

Practices and reflections on lecturing of vaccinology in general education towards undergraduate students: from the perspective of Comprehensive Health and New Medicine

Multiple and cross disciplinary education among medical sciences and other subjects have been much emphasized in the context of new medicine, which generate higher standards of general medical education practice. The department of epidemiology, school of public health, Fudan university, offer lectures of vaccinology towards undergraduate students in general education. This article introduces the course objectives, content, selection of teaching materials, teaching methods as well as primary output since the Autumn semester in 2018. In addition, this article proposes ideas of course improvement in the context of responses to COVID-19 pandemic. The teaching exploration could provide reference for related universities on medical and public health education from the perspective of comprehensive health.

Influence of Resilience, Everyday Stress, Self-Efficacy, Self-Esteem, Emotional Intelligence, and Empathy on Attitudes toward Sexual and Gender Diversity Rights

The present study forms part of the project “Cross-disciplinary education for sexual, body, and gender diversity” (Code 419). The aim of this study was to analyze the role played by the psychoeducational variables involved in burnout (resilience, self-efficacy, self-esteem, emotional intelligence, empathy, and everyday stress) on attitudes toward sexual and gender diversity rights. Participants comprised 170 university students undertaking a degree in primary education. Instruments were administered to assess the constructs analyzed, ensuring informed consent, voluntary participation, anonymity, and data confidentiality. An ex post facto design was employed to determine whether attitudes toward sexual and gender diversity rights are influenced by the possible relationships and role of these variables. We found statistically significant associations between students’ attitudes toward sexual and gender diversity at all three levels (sociocultural, relational, and personal) and the variable of burnout. Attitudes towards gender sexual orientation and gender identity rights influence burnout, and vice versa. As we ponder deeply about how these factors influence one another, we can shift our perspectives in a way that builds social harmony. It is important to learn how exactly these influences work, and this knowledge translates into making teaching strategies more effective to help raise awareness about guaranteeing rights for all. At the personal level of students’ attitudes toward sexual and gender diversity/equality, we found positive correlations between this level and the total score for the variable of resilience and with its factor of personal competence. The data obtained will be of use for future psychoeducational assessment and intervention programs related to an education in sexual orientation and gender identity rights that are aimed at developing socio-emotional competencies and attention to diversity with the ultimate goal of improving social harmony by dismantling stereotypes and raising awareness of the importance of the variables of resilience, self-efficacy, self-esteem, emotional intelligence, empathy, and everyday stress which highlights how “education is an instrument of social transformation”.

Two-course integration with student collaboration: rapid prototyping and entrepreneurship

The increasing complexity of the business world, the overabundance of business graduates and the opportunity for entrepreneurship to reduce unemployment necessitates classroom experiences that extend beyond the traditional pedagogical cloisters of higher education. Entrepreneurship education often leads the way in advancing cross-disciplinary education through partnerships across collegiate lines. In the current study, we describe the efforts of a program at a large, public Southeastern University in the United States to create undergraduate coursework that combines competencies from engineering pedagogy with the skills-based training of entrepreneurship education. We offer details of the design of the coursework and discuss the pitfalls and successes of this program for other universities interested in developing their own cross-disciplinary courses. These types of action-based, interdisciplinary courses impact student entrepreneurial attitudes and intentions hereby increasing the likelihood of future entrepreneurial activities.

Creating a Multidisciplinary Pregnancy Heart Team.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of maternal death and cases of cardiovascular death are often associated with failure to provide timely risk-appropriate care. This review outlines considerations for creation of a team focused on the care of women with CVD during pregnancy and beyond. Improved outcomes for women with complex medical or obstetric conditions managed by a multidisciplinary care team inspired national guidelines advising the creation of a Pregnancy Heart Team for women with CVD in pregnancy. The recommendations from the European Society of Cardiology provide general guidance for risk-appropriate care without elaborating on the details of these specialized care teams. A Pregnancy Heart Team led by providers from cardiology, maternal-fetal medicine, obstetrics, obstetric anesthesia, pharmacy, and nursing support a holistic approach to patient care while facilitating opportunities for cross-disciplinary education. This team should focus on frequent antepartum risk stratification, multidisciplinary delivery planning, and comprehensive preconception and postpartum care. Available evidence suggests that a consistent and integrated approach to care for women with CVD in pregnancy has the potential to decrease severe maternal morbidity and mortality. The cost-effectiveness of this approach and the impact of this comprehensive care model on a woman's long-term cardiovascular health warrant future study.

Conceptualizing Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome as a Cascade of Care

The opioid epidemic remains a serious issue in the United States and presents additional challenges for women of childbearing age. An increasingly common complication of opioid use is neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), or infant withdrawal from in utero exposure to opioids. The objective of our qualitative study was to identify service needs and barriers to care in the NAS epidemic in Ohio, which has among the highest rates of opioid use and NAS in the nation. Drawing on interviews with 18 healthcare providers, we investigated the challenges, opportunities, and service gaps in treating NAS. Open-ended questions covered opioid misuse and drug treatment, provision of and barriers to healthcare, and suggestions to improve prevention and programming. Content analysis identified major themes. Providers were primarily women (67%) and included individuals working in healthcare administrative positions, hospital settings, clinics, and social support positions for pregnant women or new mothers. Our results suggest that rather than an acute diagnosis, NAS is better conceptualized as a "cascade of care" including (1) prevention, (2) prenatal care, including drug treatment, (3) labor and delivery, and (4) aftercare. Providers identified challenges and opportunities at each stage of the cascade that could influence NAS outcomes. Our results suggest that greater resources, coordination, and cross-disciplinary education are urgently needed across the cascade of care to effectively address NAS. Framing NAS as a cascade of care allows researchers to identify points along a cascade where mothers and infants require enhanced care and access to social and health services.

A contact nurse coordinator for obese teenagers in the day hospital

The putting in place of a cross-disciplinary therapeutic education programme for teenagers with obesity requires coordination between all those concerned: patients, parents and caregivers. Specially trained, the contact nurse coordinators put in place the shared educational assessment, evaluate the levers and the obstacles to providing the necessary support, and lead the care project with the teenager and his or her parents.

Implementing Trauma-Informed Practice in Juvenile Justice Systems: What can Courts Learn from Child Welfare Interventions?

Many youth entering juvenile court systems show manifestations of psychological trauma. Focusing on rural juvenile courts, systems with greatly underserved and under-researched populations, we assessed practices, barriers, and recommendations around trauma-informed practice, an evidence-based approach for addressing trauma and reducing delinquent behavior and recidivism. As part of a pilot trauma-informed practice initiative at four rural Michigan juvenile courts, semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 15 court staff, including probation officers, referees, judges, and on-site clinical therapists. Respondents expressed an ideological affinity for trauma-informed practice, describing growing inclinations to rely on referral-making around mental health treatment in lieu of traditional (punitive) sentencing. Key implementation barriers included limited access to local mental health resources, insufficient buy-in from K-12 schools, government, and police, and concerns over professional abilities/boundaries. Respondents recommended additional technical trainings on trauma-informed practice and cross-disciplinary education for clients' families and external stakeholders.