Cross-disciplinary Discussion Research Articles

Reimagining Instruction in Special Collections: The Special Case of Haiti

ABSTRACT A growing body of literature has developed around critical archival instruction and archivists as educators. This development demonstrates the pedagogical evolution beyond show-and-tell sessions to critical approaches in archival instruction and specific standards in archival literacy. This article provides a cross-disciplinary discussion of an approach to archival instruction. Also included is a reimagined instruction session using a fragmentary collection from the Saint-Domingue/Haiti colonial administration. Stories of the enslaved are usually marked by death and brutality. But Haiti's is a story of triumph; though fleeting, a victory nonetheless. When instructors decolonize archival instruction, they bring the past into the present and the future. The Haitian Revolution was a large-scale revolt by enslaved Africans, and it was also directly connected to the expansion of the United States. Archival instructors should encourage students to reimagine the stories told from the Saint-Domingue colonial administration collection and from any colonial collections that may be under their care.

Microbially influenced corrosion: Towards an interdisciplinary perspective on mechanisms

A perspective is provided on mechanisms for microbially influenced corrosion by sulfate-reducing bacteria and metal-oxidizing bacteria. The authors discuss the confusion introduced by cross-disciplinary discussions of MIC mechanisms and the divergent terminologies used by microbiologists and electrochemists, e.g. “anaerobic” and “direct electron transfer.” Examination of the cathodic depolarization theory for corrosion of carbon steel by sulfate-reducing bacteria suggests that the theory cannot explain the observations. Stainless steels containing <20% chromium are vulnerable to pitting in the presence of iron and manganese oxides produced by iron- and manganese-oxidizing bacteria, respectively. However, mechanisms for pitting differ between the two oxides. In all cases, understanding mechanisms for microbially influenced corrosion must consider the environment, i.e., the composition of the electrolyte, in addition to the vulnerability of the material in the presence of putative microorganisms. Significant opportunity exists for more integrated approaches to interdisciplinary research and open discourse.

Reframing Stained Glass in Nineteenth-Century Britain: Culture, Aesthetics, Contexts

The introduction to this issue of 19 takes the form of a roundtable discussion between the guest editors Dr Jasmine Allen (The Stained Glass Museum), Dr Gareth Atkins (Queens’ College, Cambridge), and Dr Kate Nichols (Birmingham). Each contributor reflects on the research potential of stained glass in their respective fields and the reasons for its neglect; together, they will also consider the fresh issues and questions raised by the cross-disciplinary discussions that the project has sought to facilitate. In doing so, they seek both to highlight the necessity of reappraising this neglected art form and its as yet untapped possibilities as an evolving research area.

Making the Connection: Using Concept Mapping to Bring the Basic Sciences to the Diagnosis.

Although medical education has historically emphasized the role and importance of basic science in clinical reasoning, educators have struggled to teach basic science to optimize its use for students. Concept mapping helps students develop relationships between basic and clinical science, which can enhance understanding of the material. Educators at the University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine developed a weekly concept-mapping activity connecting biomedical principles with clinical signs, symptoms, and laboratory values from a comprehensive clinical case. This activity elicits cross-disciplinary discussion, illustrates content integration by the students, and enhances faculty collaboration across disciplines.

Implementation of Novel Molecular Biomarkers for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer in the Netherlands: How to Deal With Increasing Complexity.

The diagnostic landscape of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is changing rapidly with the availability of novel treatments. Despite high-level healthcare in the Netherlands, not all patients with NSCLC are tested with the currently relevant predictive tumor markers that are necessary for optimal decision-making for today's available targeted or immunotherapy. An expert workshop on the molecular diagnosis of NSCLC involving pulmonary oncologists, clinical chemists, pathologists, and clinical scientists in molecular pathology was held in the Netherlands on December 10, 2018. The aims of the workshop were to facilitate cross-disciplinary discussions regarding standards of practice, and address recent developments and associated challenges that impact future practice. This paper presents a summary of the discussions and consensus opinions of the workshop participants on the initial challenges of harmonization of the detection and clinical use of predictive markers of NSCLC. A key theme identified was the need for broader and active participation of all stakeholders involved in molecular diagnostic services for NSCLC, including healthcare professionals across all disciplines, the hospitals and clinics involved in service delivery, healthcare insurers, and industry groups involved in diagnostic and treatment innovations. Such collaboration is essential to integrate different technologies into molecular diagnostics practice, to increase nationwide patient access to novel technologies, and to ensure consensus-preferred biomarkers are tested.

Consulting or engaging? The role of stakeholders in health research. Aconference report by the organizers

Increasingly, researchers are required to engage stakeholders in health-related research projects. "Stakeholder" in this context are those people who may be directly or indirectly affected by the planned research or the research object. This could be, for example, patients, relatives, and health personnel, but also political decision-makers. Those conducting stakeholder engagement are faced with many open questions like what activities are meant by engagement, for what purpose researchers should engage stakeholders, who should be involved, or how best to design engagement activities.From 28 to 29March 2019 the interdisciplinary conference "Consulting or Engaging? The Role of Stakeholders in Health Research" took place at LMU Munich. The aim of the conference was to facilitate cross-disciplinary discourse on research engagement of various stakeholder groups. Different application contexts were examined, such as public health research, clinical research, health services research, and bioethical deliberation.This conference report structures and explains the main topics discussed during the conference from the perspective of the organizers. It thereby addresses the question of inclusivity and exclusivity of frequently used terms for stakeholder engagement, reflects on different strategies for justifying stakeholder engagement, and provides an overview of different approaches to stakeholder engagement as well as of methodological and practical challenges in implementing engagement activities.

Chronic kidney diseases in agricultural communities: report from a workshop

In June 2018, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences sponsored a workshop to identify research gaps in an increasingly common form of chronic kidney disease in agricultural communities, often termed "CKDu." The organizers invited a broad range of experts who provided diverse expertise and perspectives, many of whom had never addressed this particular epidemic. Discussion was focused around selected topics, including identifying and mitigating barriers to research in CKDu, creating a case definition, and defining common data elements. All hypotheses regarding etiology were entertained, and meeting participants discussed potential research strategies, choices in study design, and novel tools that may prove useful in this disease. Achievements of the workshop included robust cross-disciplinary discussion and preliminary planning of research goals and design. Specific challenges in implementing basic and clinical research and interventions in low- and middle-income countries were recognized. A balanced approach to leveraging local resources and capacity building without overreaching was emphasized.

Frailty, Successful Aging, Resilience, and Intrinsic Capacity: a Cross-disciplinary Discourse of the Aging Process

The relationship between successful aging, frailty, intrinsic capacity, and resilience is explored, in terms of underlying physiology, indicators, and utility. Frailty may be regarded as the reverse of successful aging conceptually, but more appropriate for clinical management and health promotion programs. Intrinsic capacity may be used as indicator of healthy aging, and the concept of resilience more relevant in research efforts to understand the heterogeneous age-related changes. In prevention of geriatric syndromes and diseases, as well as in the formulation of health policies, the use of a negative undesirable state (such as frailty) may elicit more response than the alternative approach of maintaining intrinsic capacity. For example, smoking cessation strategies heavily use negative images, as opposed to “maintaining good lung function.” Similarly, in hospital management, frailty assessment has rapidly become incorporated into management in various specialties such as cardiology, renal medicine, and oncology, in addition to Geriatric Medicine and primary care. Successful aging, frailty, resilience, and intrinsic capacity share many common features; the use of these terms represents different approaches towards describing age-related changes at all levels: from cellular, physiological systems, to whole persons and community.

Stigma as a dominant discourse in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to conduct a scoping review of the literature to explore the many ways stigma affects people with FASD and to highlight the disciplines and places where discourse on FASD and stigma is taking place.Design/methodology/approachSearches were conducted in PubMed, ERIC, Family &amp; Society Studies Worldwide, Families Studies Abstracts and Google Scholar between 2008 and 2018. Search terms focused on stigma, shame and the connection to FASD with a view to looking across social and medical science literature.FindingsSearches identified 39 full text manuscripts, 13 of which were included in the scoping review. Stigma toward people with FASD exists in multiple professional forums across disciplines. The relationship between mother’s use of alcohol and the lasting impact on the child is a focus in the articles identified from a public health perspective. The review showed there was limited cross-disciplinary discussion evident. In total 13 articles were selected for inclusion in this review.Research limitations/implicationsNegative discourses predominate with little attention being paid to possible areas of success as well as cases of lower FASD impacts. There is a significant void in work focusing on positive outcomes for people with FASD. Such discourse would support a better understanding of pathways to more positive outcomes.Originality/valueThis paper highlights the issue of FASD and stigma through identification of relevant literature and expands the conversation to offer insights into the challenging terrain that individuals with FASD must navigate. The issue of stigma is not linked only to individuals with FASD but also their support systems. It is critical to recognize the multiple attributions of stigma to FASD in order to effectively take up conversations across and between disciplines to promote new discourses focused on de-stigmatization.

Editorial. Design and Cultural Diversity

By raising the theme of Design and Cultural Diversity in this special issue of FormAkademisk we hope to stimulate a broad cross disciplinary discussion on the interplay of cultures within the field of design and design education. The main dimensions of the topic might be summarized as:&#x0D; - The dimensions and meanings of cultural diversity- Politics and power- Transmission and transition of cultures- Heritage and innovation- Indigenous and vernacular traditions versus fashion and euro-centered attitudes- Design and learning approaches&#x0D; These matters are complex, deeply interwoven and interdependent. This series of articles discusses how design might support an innovative development that takes care of diverse traditions and attitudes, supports equality and peaceful co-existence.

From cases to general principles: A call for theory development through agent-based modeling

Virtually all current major social and environmental challenges such as financial crises, migration, the erosion of democratic institutions, and the loss of biodiversity involve complex systems comprising decision-making, interacting, adaptive agents. To understand how such agent-based complex systems function and respond to change and disturbances, agent-based modeling (ABM) is increasingly recognized as the main way forward. Many motivating examples of agent-based models exist that are realistic enough to successfully support the management of complex systems, but these solutions are case-specific and contribute few general insights into the functioning of systems. General theory, though, is highly needed because we cannot model each system and question. Still, across disciplines, a critical mass of expertise has accumulated that could transform ABM into a more coherent and efficient approach to discover the functioning of complex social-economic-ecological systems. To this end, we need a cross-disciplinary discussion among researchers and a goal-oriented synthesis to identify the general principles and theories essential to improve our understanding and management of complex systems.

The effect of social and knowledge interdependencies on employee mobility and entrepreneurship

Using the curriculum vitae and patent data of inventors at the Intel Corporation, we argue and demonstrate that an inventor’s position within a firm’s social and knowledge networks has varying effects on the likelihood of her outward mobility. This effect also varies depending on the direction of the mobility: moving to a new employer vs. starting a new venture. Our competing risk model indicates that counter to prevailing views, individuals who are embedded in the social network are more likely to move to a new employer but less likely to join or form a spinout. Inventors whose others depend on their knowledge, making their departure potentially more disruptive, are less likely to leave. By decoupling the social and knowledge networks we challenge the common wisdom that both are isomorphic, while providing a more nuanced view on the extent to which skilled employees are “free to leave at will.” We maintain that to fully appreciate the likelihood of outward mobility, we must consider the employees’ positions in the social and knowledge networks, and the target of their future employment. Our results provide a strong basis for cross-disciplinary discussions on topics associated with employees’ moves to new employers and their entrepreneurship.

Vegetal landscape and firewood supply strategies in N Spain at the Greenland Stadial 2

Recent series of charcoal analyses conducted on materials from Upper Palaeolithic caves in Asturias (N Spain) shed new information about wood resource exploitation by humans during the Greenland Stadial 2 (GS-2) (ca. 22-15 Kyr cal BP), complementing available data for this period in N Spain.Woody flora is mainly characterised by Fabaceae as the dominant taxa, particularly the Cytisus and Ulex genera, which were exploited throughout the Gravetian, Upper Solutrean and Lower Magdalenian cultural periods. Some minor occurrences of Arbutus and Erica complete the ensemble of shrubby taxa. Juniperus, Salix and Sorbus are also typical, with rates variations depending on the geographical location of sites.This study aims to integrate these new data with available charcoal information from neighbouring Cantabria. The resulting cross-disciplinary discussion correlates climatic events, vegetation dynamics and human adaptations to the changing environments derived from the GS-2 and the subsequent wood management strategies observed in the charcoal spectra of both regions.

The myriad challenges of the Paris Agreement.

The much awaited and intensely negotiated Paris Agreement was adopted on 12 December 2015 by the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The agreement set out a more ambitious long-term temperature goal than many had anticipated, implying more stringent emissions reductions that have been under-explored by the research community. By its very nature a multidisciplinary challenge, filling the knowledge gap requires not only climate scientists, but the whole Earth system science community, as well as economists, engineers, lawyers, philosophers, politicians, emergency planners and others to step up. To kick start cross-disciplinary discussions, the University of Oxford's Environmental Change Institute focused its 25th anniversary conference upon meeting the challenges of the Paris Agreement for science and society. This theme issue consists of review papers, opinion pieces and original research from some of the presentations within that meeting, covering a wide range of issues underpinning the Paris Agreement.This article is part of the theme issue 'The Paris Agreement: understanding the physical and social challenges for a warming world of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels'.

The Myth of the Given?

The theological turn in phenomenology continues to generate cross-disciplinary discussion among philosophers and theologians concerning the scope and boundaries of what counts as a “phenomenon.” This essay suggests that the very idea of the given, a term so important for Husserl, Heidegger, Henry and Marion, can be reassessed from the point of view of Wilifred Sellars’s discussion of the myth of the “immediate” given. Sometimes phenomenology is understood to involve the skill of unveiling immediate data that appear as “phenomena” to a conscious and wakeful ego. In conversation with Jean-Luc Marion’s volume Givenness and Revelation, I challenge the assumption that phenomena are immediate in their givenness. The final remarks concern the “how” of the givenness of theological data, and in particular, the phenomenon of the Trinity.

Conflicting Images of the Great Wall in Cultural Heritage Tourism

ABSTRACTAdopting a social constructivist approach to discourse, this study investigates multiple images of the Mutianyu Great Wall as constructed by three key stakeholders, namely domestic tourists, the business operator, and the government regulator. The data consist of 7, 466 online travel reviews from two Chinese travel websites, www.lvmama.com and www.ctrip.com, an interview with an administrator of the business operator of the Mutianyu Great Wall and the government document Regulations on the Protection of the Great Wall. The data analysis is based mainly on quantitative (word frequency count) and qualitative discourse semantics. The research has found that domestic tourists visiting the Great Wall are far more impressed by the modern facilities and services than by its history and culture, with a small number of travel reviews expressing high admiration of this world wonder. The business operator primarily uses the site as a tourist attraction and raised several practical problems concerning protection of the Great Wall. In contrast, the government regulator places great emphasis on aspects of heritage preservation. The study considers the complex interrelationship between the three stakeholders and accounts for their conflicting objectives. The study contributes to the field of cultural heritage tourism studies by developing a cross-disciplinary discourse framework and also suggests research implications for studying cultural heritage tourism and China's image.

1 Origins of neuropsychiatry/bnpa

As we leave the “Decade of the Brain” neuropsychiatry has emerged as one of the most exciting and challenging fields in which to work. The BNPA was founded in December 1987 at the suggestion of Dr Jonathan Bird. Professor W A Lishman, the founding Chairman, describes its formation as follows: “The Association was created to provide a forum for cross-disciplinary discussion of matters of common interest among psychiatrists, neurologists, neuropsychologists and workers in the related neurosciences. All suitably qualified persons with an interest in brain function in relation to behaviour would be welcome to join. For this reason, we did not seek formal affiliation with other bodies, such as the Royal College of Psychiatrists, but decided to stand as an independent association. Young members bringing fresh ideas would be particularly encouraged to join, by keeping fees to a minimum and the establishment of appropriate prizes”. At the 2015 AGM Dr Jonathan Bird was awarded an honorary fellowship of the BNPA. Jonathan’s fellowship was proposed by Professor Alwyn Lishman (Honorary Life President) who hoped the BNPA would recognise Jonathan’s “sustained work and service over many years in the promotion of present day neuropsychiatry”. In his commendation, he revealed that it was in fact Jonathan who first to suggested, to a group of like-minded colleagues, including Alwyn himself, the formation of the BNPA. Jonathan went on to serve as the secretary throughout its early years. The ability to bring people together towards common goals has continued and Jonathan was instrumental in forming the Section of Neuropsychiatry at The Royal College of Psychiatrists, and then serving as its first chair. He helped, although ably assisted by Dr Rafey Faruqui who succeeded him as chair, in guiding the nascent section through to the establishment of the status of Faculty, which is a major step forward as a mechanism for improving services and the development of recognised training. Jonathan originally read medicine at the University of Bristol, where he achieved the Prize for Physiology and did his junior training in the region. He went on to the Maudsley Hospital for his higher training, winning the prestigious Gaskell medal of the Royal College of Psychiatrists. He then worked as Clinical fellow at McMaster and was exposed to many of their revolutionary teaching approaches before returning to the Maudsley and then completing the circle with a return to Bristol to take up a consultant post at Burden Centre for Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology and Epileptology, Frenchay Hospital, Bristol. He has been active throughout his consultant career in Epilepsy Action and served as Chairman of their Professional Advisory Panel.

Language Learning Research at the Intersection of Experimental, Computational, and Corpus‐Based Approaches

Language Learning Research at the Intersection of Experimental, Computational, and Corpus‐Based Approaches

Terrestrial subaqueous seafloor dunes: Possible analogs for Venus

Abstract Dunes on Venus, first discovered with Magellan Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) in the early 1990s, have fueled discussions about the viability of Venusian dunes and aeolian grain transport. Confined to two locations on Venus, the existence of the interpreted dunes provides evidence that there could be transportable material being mobilized into aeolian bedforms at the surface. However, because of the high-pressure high-temperature surface conditions, laboratory analog studies are difficult to conduct and results are difficult to extrapolate to full-sized, aeolian bedforms. Field sites of desert dunes, which are well-studied on Earth and Mars, are not analogous to what is observed on Venus because of the differences in the fluid environments. One potentially underexplored possibility in planetary science for Venus-analog dune fields could be subaqueous, seafloor dune fields on Earth. Known to the marine geology communities since the early 1960s, seafloor dunes are rarely cited in planetary aeolian bedform literature, but could provide a necessary thick-atmosphere extension to the classically studied aeolian dune environment literature for thinner atmospheres. Through discussion of the similarity of the two environments, and examples of dunes and ripples cited in marine literature, we provide evidence that subaqueous seafloor dunes could serve as analogs for dunes on Venus. Furthermore, the evidence presented here demonstrates the usefulness of the marine literature for thick-atmosphere planetary environments and potentially for upcoming habitable worlds and oceanic environment research program opportunities. Such useful cross-disciplinary discussion of dune environments is applicable to many planetary environments (Earth, Mars, Venus, Titan, etc.) and potential future missions.

Converging on a theory of language through multiple methods.

Assuming that linguistic representation has been studied only by linguists using grammaticality judgments, Branigan & Pickering (B&P) present structural priming as a novel alternative. We show that their assumptions are incorrect for cognitive-functional linguistics, exposing converging perspectives on form/meaning pairings between generativists and cognitive-functional linguists that we hope will spark the cross-disciplinary discussion necessary to produce a cognitively plausible model of linguistic representation.