Cross-cutting Issues Research Articles

Gender issues and horticulture for improved livelihoods

Horticulture holds great potential for increasing household income, nutrition and health status as well as increase earnings from export, yet this sector is largely under-developed in Africa. High levels of postharvest losses reduce the potential for improving livelihoods. A wide diversity of vegetables and fruits are found in sub-Saharan Africa with both males and females involved in producing, processing, marketing and utilization of different types of products. To make any meaningful improvement in the horticulture sector and target those who need to use improved strategies and inputs, it is necessary to understand gender roles along the horticulture value chains. Gender is a cross-cutting issue, relevant to any aspect of development, to any sector of the economy and to any area of agriculture. Gender roles at the household and community levels and the ability of both males and females to meet their responsibilities are also crucially important for meeting household needs.

Facts and figures from road testing the guidance on organizational life cycle assessment

Organizational life cycle assessment (O-LCA) is an emerging method to analyze the inputs, outputs, and environmental impacts of an organization throughout its value chain. To facilitate the method’s application, the Guidance on Organizational Life Cycle Assessment was published within the UNEP/SETAC Life Cycle Initiative and applied by 12 “road-testing” organizations. In this paper, different aspects of the road testers’ studies are displayed and analyzed according to the feedback of the road testers. An anonymous survey about the method application was conducted among the road testers. The analysis assessed, among others: (i) which goals the organizations initially pursued and their achievement; (ii) how previous experience with environmental tools contributed to the study design; (iii) which methodological options were chosen (like the scope of the study, data collection approaches, impact assessment methods and tools, and data sources); and (iv) which methodological challenges were faced. The survey showed that analytical goals were of priority for most road testers and obtained a higher achievement level than managerial and societal goals for which either long-term measures or the inclusion of stakeholders are needed. Previous experience with product- or organization-related tools considering the whole life cycle proves useful due to available data and/or organizational models. The categorization of organizational activities, data collection, data quality assessment, and interpretation proved being the most challenging methodological elements. In addition, three cross-cutting issues of method application were identified: aligning the O-LCA study to previous environmental activities, designing the study, and availability of personnel and software resources. The road-testing organizations verified the applicability and usefulness of the O-LCA Guidance and significantly widened the pool of case studies available. On the other hand, additional guidance for methodological challenges particular of the organizational level, the availability of software tools able to support O-LCA application, region-specific LCI databases, and a broadly recognized data quality assessment scheme would facilitate conducting O-LCA case studies.

The role of advisory bodies in the emergence of cross-cutting policy issues: comparing innovation policy in Norway and Germany

ABSTRACTThe article examines the role of policy advisory bodies in the emergence of national innovation policy. Cross-cutting policy issues such as innovation policy pose unique challenges to governments. Given that they do not fit neatly within the purview of existing government departments, it is often unclear who is responsible for dealing with a given issue. Issues may go unaddressed or else be subject to competing initiatives from different departments. What role do policy advisory bodies play in addressing and advancing cross-cutting policy issues? The article examines how the issue of innovation policy was taken up and addressed by policy advisory bodies in two empirical cases: Norwegian ad hoc advisory commissions examining innovation policy during the period 1972–2016, and the German standing expert commission for science and innovation formed in 2006. The article finds that policy advice on innovation was adopted to a varying extent by the political-administrative system. It argues that this can be attributed to the organisation of advisory bodies and to the efforts of these bodies to establish connections and draw bridges across an entrenched political landscape.

Ten Years of Experience with Scientific TerraSAR-X Data Utilization

This paper presents the first comprehensive review on the scientific utilization of earth observation data provided by the German TerraSAR-X mission. It considers the different application fields and technical capabilities to identify the key applications and the preferred technical capabilities of this high-resolution SAR satellite system from a scientific point of view. The TerraSAR-X mission is conducted in a close cooperation with industry. Over the past decade, scientists have gained access to data through a proposal submission and evaluation process. For this review, we have considered 1636 data utilization proposals and analyzed 2850 publications. In general, TerraSAR-X data is used in a wide range of geoscientific research areas comprising anthroposphere, biosphere, cryosphere, geosphere, and hydrosphere. Methodological and technical research is a cross-cutting issue that supports all geoscientific fields. Most of the proposals address research questions concerning the geosphere, whereas the majority of the publications focused on research regarding “methods and techniques”. All geoscientific fields involve systematic observations for the establishment of time series in support of monitoring activities. High-resolution SAR data are mainly used for the determination and investigation of surface movements, where SAR interferometry in its different variants is the predominant technology. However, feature tracking techniques also benefit from the high spatial resolution. Researchers make use of polarimetric SAR capabilities, although they are not a key feature of the TerraSAR-X system. The StripMap mode with three meter spatial resolution is the preferred SAR imaging mode, accounting for 60 percent of all scientific data acquisitions. The Spotlight modes with the highest spatial resolution of less than one meter are requested by only approximately 30 percent of the newly acquired TerraSAR-X data.

The science of team science: A review of the empirical evidence and research gaps on collaboration in science.

Collaborations among researchers and across disciplinary, organizational, and cultural boundaries are vital to address increasingly complex challenges and opportunities in science and society. In addition, unprecedented technological advances create new opportunities to capitalize on a broader range of expertise and information in scientific collaborations. Yet rapid increases in the demand for scientific collaborations have outpaced changes in the factors needed to support teams in science, such as institutional structures and policies, scientific culture, and funding opportunities. The Science of Team Science (SciTS) field arose with the goal of empirically addressing questions from funding agencies, administrators, and scientists regarding the value of team science (TS) and strategies for successfully leading, engaging in, facilitating, and supporting science teams. Closely related fields have rich histories studying teams, groups, organizations, and management and have built a body of evidence for effective teaming in contexts such as industry and the military. Yet few studies had focused on science teams. Unique contextual factors within the scientific enterprise create an imperative to study these teams in context, and provide opportunities to advance understanding of other complex forms of collaboration. This review summarizes the empirical findings from the SciTS literature, which center around five key themes: the value of TS, team composition and its influence on TS performance, formation of science teams, team processes central to effective team functioning, and institutional influences on TS. Cross-cutting issues are discussed in the context of new research opportunities to further advance SciTS evidence and better inform policies and practices for effective TS. (PsycINFO Database Record

When Campaigns Can Backfire: National Identities and Support for Parties in the 2015 U.K. General Election in Scotland

Research on campaign strategies generally assumes that political parties avoid campaigning on issues that are internally divisive. However, this strategy might not always be viable, especially when parties attack each other in high-stake elections. This article provides novel evidence on the effects of campaigning on cross-cutting issues by focusing on the 2015 U.K. general election in Scotland. Results based on an experiment and a nationally representative survey show that the strategy to criticize the Scottish National Party (SNP) with regard to the cross-cutting issue of Scottish independence polarized voters along national identity lines. Among British voters, attack statements and perceived negativity increased support for some of the parties sponsoring the attacks, whereas among Scottish voters they actually increased support for the target of the attacks. In addition, experimental results indicate that attack statements affected mainly ideologically close parties (the Labour Party and the SNP). At the theoretical level, these findings indicate that the strategy to attack opposite parties on divisive issues can lead to both electoral gains and losses depending on voters’ “identification” with such issues.

Can carbon pricing jointly promote climate change mitigation and human development in Peru?

We assess whether carbon pricing in combination with targeted use of the associated revenues could jointly advance Peru's long-term climate change mitigation targets and short-term socio-economic development goals. Based on expert interviews and detailed document analysis, we draw parallels to extractive industries, where revenues that are earmarked for public investment have often been found to be used ineffectively. Based on these experiences, we identify five key areas that could help to establish carbon pricing as a cross-cutting issue in the context of sustainable development: First, emphasizing the co-benefits of carbon pricing. Second, reforming the power sector to increase the use of low-cost renewable sources. Third, assessing the equity aspects of such policies and designing appropriate compensation systems. Fourth, increasing the government's capacity to effectively carry out public investment. Fifth, using results-based payments to establish a shadow price on land-use emissions and build up institutions and trust.

Aspect-oriented challenges in system integration with microservices, SOA and IoT

ABSTRACTThe era of system integration through service-oriented architecture is rapidly becoming a legacy. New systems increasingly rely on the successor microservice architecture. However, distributed applications can also play a significant role in the internet-of-things. In this paper, we gather evidence demonstrating cross-cutting issues in these areas and highlight how aspect-oriented programming addresses them. Specifically, the purpose of this paper is to provide a roadmap for using aspect-oriented programming to deal effectively with crosscuts in application design, systems interaction, and integration.

Agricultural Extension: Challenges of Extension service for rural poor and youth in Amhara Region, North Western Ethiopia. The Case of North Gondar Zone

Ethiopia is one of the countries on the African continent with highest agricultural potential. Its natural resources base is the foundation of any economic development, food security and other basic necessities of its people. Predominantly smallholder agriculture is the dominant sector of the national economy. Smallholder agriculture is the dominant sector of the national economy. To boost the production and productivity of the agriculture sector; the extension systems is expected to play paramount role. However, the agricultural system is still characterized by low level of Agricultural service delivery practice that couldn’t move the existing traditional agriculture in to modern. The objective of the study is toexamine constraints in addressing women farmers and rural youth and to assess constraints of extension system in promoting agricultural technologies to farmers in the study area. Primary and Secondary data was collected for the study purpose. In addition to respondents’ interview, focus group discussion, key informants interview and case studies were used for qualitative data analysis. Descriptive statistics of mean, standard devotions and percent was applied. For statistical tests, chi-square, T-test, Pearson and spearman’s correlation coefficient were employed. As a conclusion, the challenges of existing public agricultural extension service provision institutional, technological and technical and in terms of addressing cross-cutting issues such as environment and gender as theses have wider contexts to look into existing endogenous and exogenous constraints.

Secrets of Getting Your Interdisciplinary Journal Article Published (TH314)

•Employ key strategies to write a compelling introduction that makes the case for a manuscript's importance.•Craft a manuscript that anticipates common concerns of editors and reviewers.•Employ key strategies to maximize the readability and appeal of interdisciplinary journal articles. Writing a journal manuscript for a single audience is relatively straightforward. Physicians, nurses, and social workers (for instance) have specific implicit and explicit expectations for an article's style and content. Those expectations are expressed and interpreted through the comments of a journal's reviewers, and the decision of its editor. When authors seek to write manuscripts that cross professional, research, and practice boundaries, addressing the audience becomes much more complex. How do you meet the expectations of a diverse set of reviewers, and an editor who may not be familiar with the customs and issues of another discipline? How do you satisfy researchers who expect in-depth methods descriptions but also clinicians who want to understand a study's clinical importance? How do you develop implications for practice and policy that address important cross-cutting issues for an interdisciplinary audience? How do you give voice to your disciplinary perspective in a manner that can be heard by others with a different view? In this session, three experienced researchers assume the roles of author, reviewer and journal editor. We share our tips for writing successful manuscripts that cross disciplinary boundaries and settings, and which will appeal to a diverse population of reviewers, editors, and readers. We describe key elements of a manuscript, including the abstract, introduction, methods and results, and discuss how to make them accessible to a diverse audience. We pay special attention to “non-traditional” manuscripts that describe the results of reviews, meta-analyses, and quality improvement projects. We address translational issues specifically focusing on how research informs practice and ways to communicate that to readers from various disciplines. Participants will gain concrete, usable skills for writing an interdisciplinary manuscript.

Broadening the scope of Weed Research

The Editorial Board of Weed Research conducted an online discussion during the summer of 2017, reviewing the status of the journal and responding to questions on the impact, scope and potential improvements for the journal for the future. My vision as Editor-in-Chief has always been that Weed Research should be the journal of choice for weed scientists and for it to have the highest impact it can. Whilst the impact metrics for the journal have been reasonable in the past, the last three years have seen a decline that needs addressing. Authors look to publish in the highest impact journals possible and the journal needs to act to improve its impact. Impact is largely down to citation metrics these days, so factors such as excellence, likely citation rate and attracting submissions of the best papers, including reviews, need careful attention. Amongst the Board, there is also clear concern that we need to broaden the scope of the journal to address some of these issues. It is essential that any changes to the journal are placed in the current scientific and publishing context. Scientifically, the traditional areas that the journal covers, notably weed biology and weed management in agriculture, are now mature science. As our vision is to publish work that advances science, we are at a pivotal moment for weed science and for the journal. The challenges we face as weed scientists are that the traditional approaches with simple control technologies are not sustainable, yet we need to feed an increasing world population. Pressures on land to achieve multifunctionality and to mitigate human impact on the planet are building. Increasingly, for production agriculture, horticulture and forestry, integrated crop management is required. This needs to be built around primary plant production and its interactions with biotic, abiotic, social and economic environments to develop long-term sustainability. Thus, we are expanding the scope of the journal to cover cross-cutting issues in integrated crop management and the interactions with the range of disciplines across production and crop protection, as well as integrated weed management. We invite scientists to submit manuscripts that address such issues and we welcome reviews on integrated crop and weed management. I am particularly keen that the journal covers uncropped land in its broadest sense, including natural and semi-natural habitats, alongside the ecology of agriculture, horticulture and forestry. The journal already covers vegetation management in its broadest sense, reflected in the strap line a ‘journal of weed biology, ecology and vegetation management’. Whilst this clearly covers invasive plants in all ecosystems, and many papers are published on such topics in Weed Research, I notice that there are relatively few contributions from forestry, horticulture, amenity and urban systems, or from rangelands or conservation sites. We welcome submissions from across these systems that address aspects of the interactions of the botanical components. Ecologically, plants form the primary producers upon which all food chains are based. The positive role of wild plants in production systems has only been appreciated relatively recently and we invite submissions that explore the services and disservices of such species and not just in production systems. We should also consider the plant interactions between the varied components of landscape mosaics, at scales ranging from dispersal dynamics at field edges to global spread. We also should cover conservation management and habitat recreation in the context of vegetation management. Thus, the scope of the journal will cover a broader range of topics than weed biology and control and better reflect the interests of the readership and the European Weed Research Society. In a previous editorial (2015; Weed Research 55, 437–440), we discussed the aims and policies of the journal. We will be relaxing those policies in relation to specific topics, such as allelopathy and herbicide resistance, to encourage more submissions. However, we will retain our aim of only publishing novel and innovative work. Further editorials in 2018 will discuss the means of increasing impact beyond broadening the scope of the journal, the role of the journal as a service for authors and the promotion of openness across the Editorial Board's work. Meanwhile, if you would like to comment on any aspect of the journal, please email me.

The Path to Inclusive Growth in Nigeria: Are People with Disabilities Carried Along?

The growing disconnect between the improving macro-economic indicators and the growing descent into poverty of over 170 million Nigerians is clearly anindicative of the fact that economic growth in Nigeria is non-inclusive as the country may have only attained what is known as growth without development. Using a purely descriptive and analytical methodology, this paper shows that inclusive growth is the growth that generates employment opportunities and reduces the depth and severity of the incidence of poverty. However, people with disability have in many cases been denied of job opportunities in Nigeria. This paper argues that the country cannot have inclusive growth unless disability is made an integral part of her growth. Considering that the economic inclusion of people with disabilities is a cross-cutting issue, successful results require complementary activities in multiple sectors. However, inclusion of people with disabilities in work/employment can lead to greater economic self-sufficiency. Though it should not be promoted as the only option for economic inclusion, self-employment can be a good alternative, especially in a country like Nigeria where there is a general dearth of opportunities for formal sector jobs. In that regard, this paper suggests that microfinance institutions should extend credit and other financial services for self-employment of people with disabilities. Better still, specialized microfinance should be established for people with disabilities to provide supporting or complementary services.

Mainstreaming sustainability science to enhance the impacts of “Tridharma” in higher education institution: IPB lessons learned and future direction

The adoption of transdisciplinary approaches to address complexity and uncertainty of the problems has been recommended to formulate the effective solution. Although scientists have been working towards the direction, there have been still little integration on policy and concerted implementation to deal particularly with cross-cutting issues on food security, sustainable agriculture, renewable energy and other green development issues. Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) has recently adopted the concept of transdisciplinary and sustainability sciences to better integrate and utilize available resources and management strategies as stated in IPB’s Long-term Plan and in recent policy to establish Center for Transdisciplinary and Sustainability Sciences (IPB-CTSS). The drivers for this policy are actually the already established research, academic and community service consortia in which students, scientists, practitioners and policy makers have been working interdisciplinary towards effective solution for achieving better impacts of IPB Tridharma activities. We will discuss the lessons learned, challenges and opportunities identified as solid foundation to implement the concept for enhancing the better impacts of universities extended obligatory tasks on education, research, community services, innovation and business.

Challenges for reconstruction after Mw7.8 Gorkha earthquake: a study on a devastated area of Nepal

The Gorkha earthquake on April 25, 2015 had significantly affected the livelihood of people and the overall economy in Nepal. The earthquake had caused damage to about half a million private and public buildings, apart from damage to other infrastructures including schools, hospitals, roads, hydropower, irrigation canals, etc. The earthquake had affected the lives of 8 million people. With significant numbers of actors and stakeholders involved in the reconstruction process, no significant relief has reached the ground or is observable even after 3 years of the disaster. The government has formed National Reconstruction Authority (NRA) as the focal authority for the reconstruction process which is leading the reconstruction process with line agencies and other stakeholders. The longitudinal study was carried out through semi-structured interviews with the engineers working under NRA, local people and social mobilizer, group discussions, and field observation from June 2015 to August 2016 focusing on challenges for timely and quality reconstruction. The research also reviews the experiences from past events in similar social and political condition. This study concludes that the situation was the result of larger institutional gaps as the absence of local government, lack of coordination, bureaucratic hurdles and political transition, weak governance and cross-cutting issues as accessibility, manpower shortage, knowledge gap and other socio-cultural aspects. Authors supplement that the good governance and strategic incorporation of social and cultural aspects of reconstructions along with the technical cross-cutting issues like skilled labour, resources availability and construction knowledge could help to expedite the reconstruction process.

Developing and applying a five step process for mainstreaming climate change into local development plans: A case study from Zambia

Climate change is a cross-cutting issue and, as such, is most effectively addressed when mainstreamed in development planning. Assessing climate risk and mainstreaming adaptation into development plans ensures that hard-won development gains are not undermined, and that future development interventions are resilient in the face of a changing climate. We outline a five step process to mainstream climate change into development plans. The five steps are: preparation; current and future gender-sensitive climate risk assessment; climate risk screening to see how proposed activities are affected by climate risk; options to adapt and enable climate-resilient development; and implementation, monitoring and evaluation. The process is underpinned by theory on climate risk assessment and robust decision making, and informed by participatory methodologies and expert elicitation. It was applied to District and/or Integrated Development Plans in 6 districts in Western and Southern province of Zambia under the Pilot Program for Climate Resilience. Findings show that it is a useful methodology that can be applied in data-constrained environments with minimally-trained expertise to assess climate risk and enable adaptation and climate-resilient development.

Transportation Engineering

The shipments were absolutely necessary at all times, but still have polluted and damaged the environment. The technique of transport or the engineering of transport is the application of the principles of technology and scientific findings to the planning, design check, operation and plan management for any mode of transport, in order to ensure that the conditions of safety, efficiency, quick, comfortable and convenient, economic and environmentally compatible movement of persons and goods (transport). It is a sub-discipline for civil engineering. The importance of the transport engineering in the framework of the profession of civil engineering can be evaluated by the number of divisions of the ASCE (American Society of Civil Engineers), which are directly related to the transport. There are six such divisions (Aerospace; Air Transport, motorways, pipes, watercourses, port, of coastal and ocean and urban transport), which represents one third of the total 18 technical divisions of the ASCE (1987). Humanity is struggling between technological tests of deployment of new types of mild transport for the environment and the need to maintain still in the operation the machines already polluting products in large quantity, cheaper, more convenient economically, that customers have already been accustomed. Transport is at the heart of major cross-cutting issues that are inseparable from issues related to the development and sustainable management of the mobility of goods and people. The automotive sector must meet several challenges to reduce the emission of particulate and gaseous pollutants while limiting the increase in the cost of vehicles. The development of "clean" or "sustainable" vehicles requires the integration of innovative technologies to meet all these requirements. Those all problems need to be addressed by the discipline named Transportation (Transport) Engineering, in view of the constantly improving the quality of transport carried out.

Adolescent Pregnancy and Challenges in Kenyan Context: Perspectives from Multiple Community Stakeholders

ObjectiveThe key objective of this paper is to provide a phenomenological account of the mental health challenges and experiences of adolescent new mothers. We explore the role of social support and the absence of empathy plays in depression among pregnant adolescents. The project also collected data on the adolescents’ caregiving environment which includes the adolescents’ mothers, their partners, the community, and health care workers, as well as feedback from staff nurses at the maternal and child health centers. The caregivers provide additional insight into some of the barriers to access of mental health services and pregnancy care, and the etiology of adolescents’ distress.MethodsThe interviews were conducted in two health facilities of Kariobangi and Kangemi’s maternal and child health (MCH) centers that cover a huge low-income and low-middle-income formal and informal settlements of Nairobi. A grounded theory approach provided a unique methodology to facilitate discussion around adolescent pregnancy and depression among the adolescents and their caregivers. Our interviews were cut across four samples with 36 participants in total. The sample 1 comprised of eight pregnant adolescents who screened positive for depression in Kariobangi, sample 2 were six caregivers from both sites, and sample 3 were 22 new adolescent mothers from both sites. After individual interviews, we carried out one focused group discussion (FDG) in order to understand the cross-cutting issues and to gather some consensus on key issues, and the sample 4 were 20 community health workers, health workers, and nurses from both sites. We had one FGD with all health facility-based workers to understand the cross-cutting issues. The interviews in sample 1 and 2 were individual interviews with pregnant and parenting adolescents, and their caregivers. All our adolescent participants interviewed in sample 1 were screened for depression. Individual interviews followed the FGD.FindingsPregnant and parenting adolescents faced several adversities such as social stigma, lack of emotional support, poor healthcare access, and stresses around new life adjustments. We highlighted a few useful coping mechanisms and strategies that these adolescents were thinking to reduce their stress. Primary social support for pregnant and parenting teens comes from the adolescent’s mother. The external family and male partners provide negligible support in the rearing of the child. While the mother’s reactions to the daughters’ pregnancy were empathetic sometimes, absence of food and resources made the mother distant and constraint in lending support. For those adolescents who were living with partners, in their new mother role, they had to negotiate additional challenges such as solutions to everyday childcare responsibilities and other family duties. The health care workers and community health workers confirmed that adolescent mothers have multiple needs, but there is a lack of holistic approach of service, and that their own training and capacities were very limited.ConclusionsOur paper highlights several individual stakeholder-related and system-level barriers in the MCH primary care setting that affect delivery of psychosocial support for pregnant adolescent. We have identified these knowledge, practice, and institutional gaps that need addressing through careful community and health service staff engagement using implementation strategies that are effective in low-resource settings. Pregnant adolescents are highly vulnerable group and mental health services needs to be understood better.

Planning for sustainability in expansive metropolitan regions: exploring practices and planners’ expectations in Stockholm, Sweden

ABSTRACTIn Sweden, local and regional planning practices are faced with the challenge of managing rapid growth in expansive urban regions. However, spatial planning should also contribute to the fulfilment of formalized sustainability objectives and support sustainable development. This includes addressing cross-cutting sustainability issues that transcend established administrative and territorial boundaries. Thus, the management of sustainability issues requires attention from actors at different levels, and challenges how contemporary planning practices plan for development. Based in the expansive Stockholm region, this study explores the cross-level interaction in spatial planning and decision-making and planning practitioners’ experiences and apprehensions of contemporary municipal planning practices with a focus on statutory plans to achieve sustainability targets and objectives. The results show that municipal planning organizations are under pressure because of rapid urban expansion. It is concluded that the role, format and content of statutory as well as informal planning instruments are decisive for the cross-level interaction between planning levels. Moreover, planning instruments find new trajectories resulting in mismatches in expectations from planners at adjacent planning levels. This influences the interplay and preconditions for achieving national and regional sustainability targets and objectives.

The emotional labour of boundary spanning

PurposeWithin public services there is a widely recognised role for workers who operate across organisational and professional boundaries. Much of this literature focusses on the organisational implications rather than on how boundary spanners engage with citizens. An increased number of public service roles require boundary spanning to support citizens with cross-cutting issues. The purpose of this paper is to explicate the emotional labour within the interactions that boundary spanners have with citizens, requiring adherence to display rules and building trust.Design/methodology/approachThis is a conceptual paper which draws on illustrative examples to draw out the emotional labour within two types of boundary spanning: explicit and emergent.FindingsEmotional labour theory offers a way to classify these interactions as requiring high, medium or low degrees of emotional labour. Boundary spanning theory contributes an understanding of how emotional labour is likely to be differently experienced depending on whether the boundary spanning is an explicit part of the job, or an emergent property.Originality/valueDrawing on examples from public service work in a range of advanced democracies, the authors make a theoretical argument, suggesting that a more complete view of boundary spanning must account for individual-level affect and demands upon workers. Such a focus captures the “how” of the boundary spanning public encounter, and not just the institutional, political and organisational dimensions examined in most boundary spanning literatures.

Leadership and Counseling Psychology: What Should We Know? Where Could We Go?

In this article, we present an introduction to the scholarly literature in leadership, especially as related to counseling psychology. Although many counseling psychologists engage in professional leadership roles across various settings in which they function, there is little formal knowledge about leadership represented in principal books and journals in the field, nor is leadership addressed formally in most programs providing education and training for counseling psychologists. In this article, we first summarize the most important theories, constructs, and processes in the body of knowledge regarding leadership. We also consider the applicability of this knowledge to the field of counseling psychology, particularly noting values and commitments that may position counseling psychologists for effective leadership. We then outline several cross-cutting issues in leadership for counseling psychologists that arise across settings and roles, concluding with a call for more formal attention to leadership by counseling psychologists.