Legal Imperialism: Sovereignty and Extraterritoriality in Japan, the Ottoman Empire, and China. By Turan Kayaoglu. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010. 237 pp., $90.00 hardback (ISBN-13: 978-0-521-76591-6). Turan Kayaoglu's new book, Legal Imperialism: Sovereignty and Extraterritoriality in Japan, the Ottoman Empire, and China , addresses the interesting and ever-topical questions of legal imperialism and extraterritoriality. Legal imperialism is defined as “the extension of a state's legal authority into another state and limitation of legal authority of the target state over issues that may affect people, commercial interest, and security of the imperial state” (p. 7); and extraterritoriality is understood as a “legal regime whereby a state claims exclusive jurisdiction over its citizens in another state” (p. 2). The book explicitly focuses on the emergence, function, and abolition of Western extraterritorial courts in non-Western states during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and, using a cross-cultural comparative analysis of these court systems in Japan, the Ottoman Empire, and China, advances a theory of extraterritoriality. The extraterritorial courts were developed from the imperial model of the hegemon of the time, Great Britain, which, in turn, was founded on ideals of Legal Positivism. In addition, based on the material on extraterritoriality negotiations, Kayaoglu provides an alternative perspective on the development of sovereignty in international society during the nineteenth century by integrating Western colonial expansion and jurisprudence with non-Western political development and legal institutionalization (cf. Bull and Watson 1984). In the concluding chapter (pp. 196–303), the transition from British to American forms of legal imperialism in the post-World War II international society, founded on American Legal Realism, is also briefly …