Cross-cultural Aspects Research Articles

Gaps in biomedical research in frontotemporal dementia: A call for diversity and disparities focused research.

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is one of the leading causes of young-onset dementia before age 65, typically manifesting as abnormal behavior (in behavioral variant FTD) or language impairment (in primary progressive aphasia). Although FTD affects all populations across the globe, knowledge regarding the pathophysiology and genetics derives primarily from studies conducted in North America and Western Europe. Globally, biomedical research for FTD is hindered by variable access to diagnosis, discussed in this group's earlier article, and by reduced access to expertise, funding, and infrastructure. This perspective paper was produced by two professional interest areas of the Alzheimer's Association International Society to Advance Alzheimer's Research and Treatment (ISTAART) and discusses the field's current status on the cross-cultural aspects of basic and translational research in FTD (including that focused on epidemiology, genetics, biomarkers, and treatment). It subsequently provides a summary of gaps and needs to address the disparities and advance global FTD biomedical research.

Using the Buana Online Course web-based mobile application to improve English for specific purpose engineering courses

This study investigates the effectiveness of the Buana Online Course (BOC) web-based mobile application in enhancing English for specific purposes (ESP) skills among engineering students and explores their perceptions of the course's effectiveness in improving their language proficiency and comprehension of technical texts. The BOC is a learning management system developed by Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang Indonesia, and the study involved 49 industrial engineering students from the university. A quantitative research design was employed, with data collected via questionnaires and analyzed descriptively to assess the responses. The findings indicate that the BOC is effective in teaching ESP, with a 49% improvement in reading skills, a 38.80% improvement in writing skills, a 38.80% improvement in communication skills, a 40.80% improvement in applying language skills in an engineering context, and a 38.80% improvement in communication skills. A total of 40.80% of the students showed that the BOC learning management system could be one of the learning media that increases understanding of the cross-cultural aspects among engineering students. The implications of this study suggest that online courses and web-based applications can play a significant role in facilitating ESP learning in engineering contexts and provides valuable insights for educators and institutions aiming to enhance language education through technological integration.

Study on the psychological health status and influencing factors of operating room nursing staff.

To comprehensively analyze the psychological health status of operating room nurses and identify influencing factors. The research compares psychological health differences based on nurses' years of experience, specifically examining depression and anxiety scores. A detailed assessment was conducted, focusing on nurses with varying experience levels. Findings revealed higher depression scores among mid to senior-level nurses, while junior-level nurses exhibited elevated anxiety scores. Additionally, overall dissatisfaction with physical health and various subhealth symptoms were reported. Multifactorial analysis identified working hours, disaster relief experience, and perceived occupational benefits as primary influencers. Through comparative analysis, it was found that the average score of self-rating depression scale and self-rating anxiety scale was 53.8 ± 12.2 points and 47.6 ± 10.5 points respectively. The depression score of middle and senior nurses was significantly higher than that of junior nurses (P < .05). The anxiety score of primary nurses was significantly higher than that of middle and senior nurses (P < .05). The results indicate that the duration of work, previous experience in disaster relief, and nurses' perception of occupational benefits were the main factors influencing the psychological health status of operating room nurses (P < .05). Healthcare institutions are recommended to implement targeted interventions based on nurses' experience levels, addressing specific psychological health needs. Future research should delve into specific subgroups, conduct long-term tracking, expand the scope of influencing factors, assess the effectiveness of intervention measures, and explore cross-cultural aspects.

Cross-cultural aspects of streetscape perception

Public space auditing is an efficient tool for urban planning of active mobility infrastructures. It enables real estate developers and urban planners to judge the level of comfort their design of sidewalks and public places can provide. Most of the research focus on the methodology to characterize the satisfaction of a public space, but there is a lack of knowledge about inter-cultural aspects of such methods. Our main research question is whether there is consistency in the way in which French and Spanish auditors perceived an urban streetscape: would they rate a public space the same and what features would be differently audited. We selected three urban identities of a modern district representing a variety of urban form: a public place with a tramway station, a commercial street designed as a strip mall, and green residential area with leisure activities. Each of these points of view were audited by a pool of French and Spanish participants according to criteria related to buildings’ architecture and sidewalks’ design for walkability and cyclability purposes. Both virtual reality and real scenes of the public spaces were recorded in videos and provided to participants for rating purposes. Architectural ambiances were measured with qualitative scales, quality of public space was measured with two integrated indicators of pedestrian level of service, and the accordance of infrastructures for active mobility was probed with individual scales. Results from the audit suggest that some streetscape impressions may be quite similar when assessed with various types of measurement, in different cultural contexts: scale, size and architectural style stimulate the same kind of feelings, and the quality of public spaces were perceived equivalently by the two communities as well as bikeability. Dissimilarities in perception occurred for the perception of materials and general feelings of the areas, and in the rating of walkability and in preferences for walking.

Ethnocentrism to Cultural Relativism: A Food Journey of Hassan Haji's Family in Richard C. Morais' the Hundred-Foot Journey

This paper examines the conflict faced by select characters in Richard C. Morais' The Hundred-Foot Journey between Indian and French food culture through the lens of ethnocentrism and cultural relativism. It probes how Hassan Haji strikes a balance between two food cultures: the French culture and Indian culture meet, interact, compete and experience a collision of cultures related to ethnocentric issues from Madame Gertrude Mallory. Leaving one's cultural territory and migrating to another territory authoritatively represents one's cultural superiority. It takes time to understand the cultural practices of other ethnic groups in terms of their food and cultural contexts, which requires competence in cultural relativism. It examines three aspects of his food culture journey. To begin, it studies how Hassan Haji travels out of his home country and adapts to new food culture. Second, how he experiences blending two food cultures. Third, how well he manages, learns and adjusts to the new food culture and settles in with cultural relativism. The author portrays cross-cultural aspects of food's power through the confrontation between French haute cuisine and an Indian restaurant. Literature has enlightened readers' comprehension of many civilisations all across the world. It takes the readers on a voyage around the world without requiring them to leave their current location. Some literary works, on the other hand, combine two civilisations. These pages reflect how various cultures may reveal various facets of each other, including challenges, dreams, and secret scars shared by those who share space with them. As they learn about new cultures, they strive to maintain a balance between the two. Cross-cultural influences led the Kadam family to abandon their nativity and relocate to a new country after crossing cultural divides.

ETHICAL ASPECTS OF BUSINESS COMMUNICATION AND MANAGEMENT IN CHINESE BUSINESS

The relevance of the article's topic is that the diversity of national business cultures requires research and consideration of managerial peculiarities in different regions and countries. These peculiarities are determined by historical, religious, climatic and other factors that are formed under the influence of a particular social environment, country or region. Understanding these value systems and cultural differences in the communication behaviour of people from different countries contributes to the efficiency of management, helps to solve problem situations and avoid conflicts during negotiations. The purpose of the study is to examine the cross-cultural aspects of communication and management in Chinese business with a Ukrainian perspective. This includes analysing the main cultural differences between Ukrainians and Chinese, determining the importance of aspects such as language, etiquette, hierarchy and business customs that may affect the effectiveness of communication and management in Chinese business with Ukrainian entrepreneurs. The cross-cultural aspects of communication and management in the Chinese economic environment are a very important topic for research. Recent publications in this area reveal important differences in the way Chinese businesses communicate and manage compared to the West. The concept of “guanxi” is the main principle among Chinese entrepreneurs and requires careful understanding and application. One of the fundamental approaches in the Chinese business environment is to maintain harmonious relationships with partners and customers. This article discusses how successful Chinese companies invest a lot of time and effort in maintaining these mutually beneficial relationships, which helps them succeed in the long run. The role of communication in Chinese business is important. Research shows that closed, non-verbal communication can be very important in the context of Chinese communication and management. The article describes the cross-cultural aspects of communication and management in Chinese business. The article emphasises the importance of understanding cultural differences in business communication and management for successful work in Chinese business. The article analyses the peculiarities of interpersonal relations, communication strategies and approaches to personnel management. The study is aimed at improving the effectiveness of communication in the management system and contributes to the enhancement of intercultural understanding in this context

Analisa Cross Cultural Pada Perusahaan Microsoft

In the era of globalization, effective cross-cultural management is crucial for organizations operating in diverse environments. This study examines the cross-cultural dynamics within Microsoft, a multinational technology company with a global workforce. Utilizing the frameworks of Hofstede and Trompenaars, along with insights into corporate culture types and organizational structures, the analysis delves into the cultural dimensions influencing Microsoft's operations. The study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how Microsoft navigates cultural diversity in its global business environment, shedding light on the formation of core values and organizational behaviors. Through an in-depth examination, the analysis explores the implications of cross-cultural aspects on human resource management strategies, such as recruitment, performance management, and career development. Insights gained from this study can contribute to Microsoft's sustained global success by informing strategies related to cultural training, onboarding programs, and global rotations. Ultimately, understanding and managing cross-cultural nuances within Microsoft are imperative for fostering integration, collaboration, and optimal productivity among employees from diverse backgrounds and for guiding successful expansions and acquisitions in culturally distinct regions.&#x0D; &#x0D;

Developmental, Genderial and Cross-Cultural Aspects of Meaning

Developmental, Genderial and Cross-Cultural Aspects of Meaning

The Thai version of the COVID-19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale: a valid instrument for the psychometric assessment of the community members in Bangkok, Thailand

BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can develop into a long-term COVID in some cases, which can have a major impact on various health systems requiring appropriate treatment involving multi-disciplinary healthcare. The COVID-19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale (C19-YRS) is a standardized tool widely used for screening the symptoms and severity of long-term COVID. Translation of the English version of the C19-YRS into the Thai language and testing it is essential for the psychometric evaluation of the severity of the long-term COVID syndrome prior to providing rehabilitation care for community members.MethodsForward-and back-translations including cross-cultural aspects were conducted in order to develop a preliminary Thai version of that tool. Five experts evaluated the content validity of the tool and produced a highly valid index. A cross-sectional study was then conducted on a sample of 337 Thai community members recovering from COVID-19. Assessment of internal consistency and individual item analyses were also performed.ResultsThe content validity resulted in valid indices. The analyses showed that 14 items had acceptable internal consistency, based on the corrected item correlations. However, five symptom severity items and two functional ability items were deleted. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the final C19-YRS was 0.723, indicating acceptable internal consistency and reliability of the survey instrument.ConclusionsThis study indicated that the Thai C19-YRS tool had acceptable validity and reliability for the evaluation and testing of the psychometric variables in a Thai community population. The survey instrument also had acceptable validity and reliability for screening the symptoms and severity of long-term COVID. Further studies are warranted in order to standardize the various applications of this tool.

How supervisors provide and students react to EAL thesis supervision: Voices from Sweden and Indonesia

IntroductionThesis supervision is a critical part of students’ academic literacy development. Previous research has shown different dimensions of this development with limited attention to cross-cultural aspects. In particular, there has been little research on how students and supervisors negotiate supervision practices in non-anglophone contexts. This study aimed to explore students’ and supervisors’ reported priorities and experiences regarding the provision and reception of feedback in English as an Additional Language thesis supervision.MethodWe conducted a qualitative case study to illuminate supervisor’s and students’ experiences of supervision in Sweden and Indonesia. It involved 39 participants (14 supervisors and 25 students) from one Swedish and three Indonesian universities. One-on-one semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed thematically using Biesta’s functions of education, Habermas’ communicative action theory, and perspectives on academic literacy.FindingsFirstly, we found that Swedish and Indonesian supervisors had different feedback provision priorities. Swedish supervisors described prioritizing content-focused feedback to facilitate students’ socialization into academic writing. Conversely, most Indonesian supervisors expressed balancing content- and form-focused feedback with a greater emphasis on qualifying as English teachers. Despite these differences, supervisors in both contexts tended to isolate academic language use from discipline-specific values and practices. Secondly, students in both contexts largely expressed an instrumental orientation to achieving their goals and were frustrated by supervisors phrasing feedback as questions. Many students expressed unfamiliarity with necessary methodologies and theoretical frameworks, which made supervisors’ feedback difficult to decode.DiscussionSince only a few of the students viewed the feedback as a support for their process of learning, this study calls for a clear communication about the academic socialization intention through supervision. However, academic socialization cannot solely be the responsibility of supervisors but must be embedded in the curriculum courses.

Self-face advantage and social threat: Cross-cultural aspects

Self-face advantage and social threat: Cross-cultural aspects

ОСОЗНАННАЯ САМОРЕГУЛЯЦИЯ КАК РЕСУРС ПРЕОДОЛЕНИЯ СТРЕССА И ДОСТИЖЕНИЯ СУБЪЕКТИВНОГО БЛАГОПОЛУЧИЯ: ЭТНОРЕГИОНАЛЬНАЯ СПЕЦИФИКА

Background. Th e problem of maintaining subjective well-being in situations of uncertainty becomes extremely relevant in the context of the global challenges of modern society. Th e signifi cant role of conscious self-regulation (SR) in achieving subjective well-being has been shown in samples of students at various levels of education, but has not yet been considered in samples of young people from various ethno-regional groups. Th e study of cross-cultural aspects of SR infl uence on subjective well-being in conditions of uncertainty is intended to supplement this section of psychological knowledge and is in demand by modern psychological practice in the regions characterized by ethnocultural diversity. Objective. Th e study had its purpose to reveal ethno-regional specifi cs in the relationship of conscious self-regulation, tolerance to uncertainty, levels of stress, aggression, and subjective well-being. Methods. The diagnostic complex included V.I. Morosanova’s questionnaire “Style of self-regulation of behavior, SSPM-2020”, the questionnaire for diagnosing the subjective well-being of a person by R.M. Shamionov, T.V. Beskova; the questionnaire of tolerance / intolerance to uncertainty by T.V. Kornilova and M.A. Chumakova, the q uestionnaire of perceived stress by T. Young, the questionnaire for diagnosing aggression by S.N. Enikolopov, N.P. Tsibulsky. Sample. Th e study involved 1099 respondents aged 16 to 35 years (679 women) from the Karachay-Circassian Republic, the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, the Stavropol Territory, Moscow and the Moscow Region. Results. A path analysis of the connection between conscious self-regulation and subjective well-being was carried out for 7 ethno-regional groups of respondents. Th is allowed for establishing both direct and indirect (through reduction of stress and aggression) eff ect of the SR component “persistence” on the subjective well-being of participants. Along with general patterns, the study revealed the ethno-regional specifi city of the resource role of conscious SR in achieving subjective well-being. For the dominant ethnic groups, SR components “modeling”, “persistence”, and “reliability” serve as the resources of subjective well-being. Intolerance to uncertainty turned toь be a predictor of their subjective well-being. For the non-dominant ethnic groups, SR components “planning”, “persistence”, and “reliability” serve as the resources of subjective well-being. Tolerance to uncertainty is predicting their subjective well-being. Conclusion. Th e study provides empirical evidence of the direct and indirect influence of the conscious SR components on the level of subjective well-being of the young people in various ethno-regional groups.

От чего зависит психологическое благополучие российских подростков: анализ результатов PISA 2018

Last decades have been marked by a decline in the psychological well-being of adolescents around the world. Both environmental, family and school factors, as well as personal factors contribute to the maintenance of well-being, and from the standpoint of modern psychological theories of well-being, positive relationships with significant others play a leading role. However, these factors are rarely explored in the system; moreover, the specific contribution of environmental factors varies from culture to culture. This article aims to assess the role of the system of environmental and personality-motivational variables as predictors of the psychological well-being of Russian adolescents. The material of the study was the data collected within the framework of the PISA 2018 project on a representative sample of Russian teenagers (N=7608). We studied the role of three groups of variables reflecting the quality of a teenager's relationship with 1) parents (parental support), 2) teachers (perception of informative feedback from teachers), 3) school society (the value of cooperation and climate of cooperation and exposure to bullying). It was assumed that the variables characterizing the quality of the three types of relationships with significant others would contribute both independently and mediated by personal and motivational variables to well-being. Gender and family SES were considered as control variables. The results of structural equation modeling confirmed the hypotheses, demonstrating a significant contribution to the well-being of not only relationships with parents and peers, but also teachers, both directly and indirectly by variables reflecting the ability to set productive goals, cope with difficulties and feel comfortable at school. The results are discussed from the standpoint of the self-determination theory, which asserts the importance of satisfying basic psychological needs in relationships with significant others for the psychological well-being. Universal and cross-cultural aspects of the findings of the study are discussed, as well as its limitations.

Cross-Cultural Aspects of Familie Theme in Learning German as a Foreign Language for Grade XI of Senior High School

This research aims to describe the cross-cultural aspects of the Familie theme in learning German and its implementation in learning German for XI grade of Senior High School. This research method used literature review: German curriculum for high school, syllabus, lesson plans, German language textbooks for A1 level high school, books, research results, and articles related to the use of intercultural learning methods. Then, all research data are grouped in tabular form, summarized and narrated. The results showed that the cross-cultural aspects studied in learning German for XI gradecontained in Familie theme consisted of the sub-themes Familienaktivitäten, Familienstammbaum, Familienalbum, and Familienname. Cross-cultural aspects could be implemented in learning German in XI grade Senior High School with three methods, they are discussion method, the comparing and commenting method, and the Stationenlernen method. Among the three methods, comparing and commenting methods are recommended to be implemented in learning German in XI grade of Senior High School.

Cross-Cultural Study on OSH Risk Perception of Solar PV Workers of Saudi Arabia and India: Risk Mitigation through PtD

A large number of workers are entering the rapidly growing solar photovoltaic industry. The emerging occupational safety and health risks faced by the workers have rarely been measured and aptly addressed. Moreover, there is a lack of cross-cultural studies on solar photovoltaic workers engaged across different countries. This study was planned to measure the occupational safety and health risks, socio-demographic parameters, study the cross-cultural aspects and develop design concepts for risk mitigation. Field studies were conducted in solar installations in Saudi Arabia and India. Socio-demographic data and risk perception scores for eighteen different occupational safety and health risks were obtained from the workers (n = 135). In addition, discomfort glare was also measured. Design concepts were developed following the hierarchy of controls matrix and the bow-tie analysis method using the prevention through design approach. Heat stress, electrocution, solar radiation, and fire/electric flash were found in the high and very high risk categories. This is a first-of-its-kind cross-cultural study in the solar photovoltaic industry which measures the occupational safety and health risks and develops design concepts for mitigation of risks. This study will be beneficial to solar project developers, safety professionals, ergonomists, industrial designers and policy makers.

Women's Perception of Transgastric and Transvaginal Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES) - Impact of Medical Education, Stage of Life and Cross-Cultural Aspects.

Despite that NOTES produces at least matchable clinical long-term results when compared to laparoscopy, still a restraint within the medical community and among patients is evident. Consequently, it might be meaningful to evaluate factors of patient's NOTES perception to promote its acceptance. NOTES is still quite novel and questionnaires regarding its perception by the public is still lacking even so in the Middle East. Aim of our survey is to investigate the viewpoint of female healthcare staff on NOTES. A total of 350 questionnaires along with written information about Minimally Invasive Surgery and NOTES were distributed among the female staff in a Tertiary-care Hospital in Abu Dhabi, 257 were returned completely anonymously and voluntarily and entered into a database with a response rate of 73%. We surveyed factors like religion, medical background, age as well as history of previous laparoscopy, endoscopy, birth and other aspects that may impact a woman's perception of both transgastric and transvaginal NOTES for cholecystectomy and ovariectomy, respectively. Univariate analyses revealed the majority of Muslim women to be more receptive to NOTES as a choice of surgical technique for cholecystectomy and for ovariectomy, respectively, when compared to Christians and Hindus. However, when compared to Muslims, Christian and Hindu groups had a larger share of medical professions. Women with a medical background would opt significantly less for NOTES. Among younger women, NOTES cholecystectomy was refused due to anxiety concerning future pregnancies and sexual dysfunction. Multinomial logistic regression analysis determined medical background and with independent predictive value for the overall choice of interventional technique (p<0.001). Marital status played a significant role only in the comparison of laparoscopy vs transgastric NOTES when performing cholecystectomy and ovariectomy (p<0.01). In this first study emanating from the Middle East, medical education and partly life stage rather than cross-cultural differences seem to influence NOTES perception in women.

Digital Diplomacy in Russia–Europe Relations: Cross-Cultural Aspects

The development of information and communication technologies and the formation of the global information society give rise to the study of new directions in the evolution of diplomatic practice in the digital environment, including in the context of intercultural communication. The modern information revolution is characterized by the widespread and ever-growing use of social networks, blogs, wiki resources and other media platforms (labelled under the common term of Web 2.0 technologies). At the same time, the widespread use of Web 2.0 technologies and the increasing amount of time people all over the world spend there has a broad and profound impact on political and intercultural communication and diplomatic practice. A new phenomenon of digital diplomacy is gaining prominence among the foreign policy tools of states and international organizations. Digital diplomacy can be defined as the use of social networks and Web 2.0 technologies in public diplomacy and international interaction by states and international organizations to achieve foreign policy goals and reach foreign audiences. According to the traditional view of digital diplomacy, which has developed in the academic literature, and is reflected in the works of authors such as Manuel Castells and Joseph. Nye, it helps to strengthen network ties at the level of civil societies in different countries and thus reduces international conflicts. However, cultural differences and digital polarization can impede the potential of digital diplomacy. Today, almost all states and international organizations in the global arena are involved in the practice of digital diplomacy, and Russia is no exception. Russia actively participates in digital diplomacy by using social media and Web 2.0 tools as soft power instruments to introduce and explain foreign policy initiatives and reach foreign and domestic audiences, as stated in the 2016 Doctrine of Information Security of Russian Federation. For Russia’s foreign policy, relations with the EU countries and institutions are of particular importance, including in the digital sphere. However, even though both Russia and the EU countries make extensive use of digital diplomacy tools, the practice of horizontal network interaction mediated by digital technologies does not contribute to strengthening trust between countries and reducing conflicts. The authors consider incidents and allegations in the sphere of digital interaction and, based on the theory of digital polarization, conclude that the use of digital tools in horizontal interactions within digital diplomacy exacerbates intercultural differences between countries and increases conflict instead of improving mutual understanding.

Editorial

The main aim of the journal is to analyse scientific and practical problems in the scope of European integration processes. The articles are brought under three wide, multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary themes. These are Social Evolution of Europe (e. g. social equality, migration, cross-cultural aspects, education management, etc.), Economics of the European Union (e. g. economic growth, competitiveness, financial aspects, comparative analysis of economic situation of countries, etc.) as well as Managerial Aspects of European Integration (business management, innovations, human capital development aspects, intellectual capital, etc.).

A Comparative Cross-cultural Investigation of Feline Proverbs in English and Malay Languages: From the Perspective of GCM Theory

This study aims at analysing the disparity of the feline representations with the search for their cross-cultural differences between English and Malay feline proverbs. It is an attempt to scrutinize the influence of distinctive cultural backgrounds behind the inauguration of feline representations in the proverbs. The Great Chain of Metaphor Theory (GCM) framework by Lakoff and Turner (1989) is utilised in the process to achieve the purposes of this study, with a focus on the four components, namely the Naïve Theory of the Nature in Things, the Great Chain of Being, the Generic is Specific Metaphor, and the Maxim of Quantity; to explore the differences based on the cross-cultural factors in the proverbs. The findings from this study indicate that customs, religion, and the core values of the particular cultural background, with the touch of favouritism, existence in the surroundings, and the top position of the feline animals, are the factors that influenced the different representations generated within the cultural notions. This study helps to fill the gaps of past research on the comparison and contrast analysis of proverbs between different languages, particularly the English and Malay languages, besides adding new insights on the cross-cultural aspects, which would be beneficial for language learners, primarily foreign learners, to enhance their cultural knowledge.

Can cross-cultural awareness programs help to lead? With the help of MIS

Purpose:The purpose of the study is to contribute to the issue of cross-cultural management and the contemporary management of cultural diversity. Furthermore, illustrate how diversity management may lead to a competitive advantage. Theoretical framework:This part mainly discusses the related theories to lay a solid foundation for the smooth implementation of theories. Besides, these theories will provide theoretical support for cross-cultural awareness. Design/methodology/approach:The researchers used a descriptive and explanatory strategy to detect cultural distinctions between Indian national and global cultures. The empirical findings are based on a qualitative case study of the Indian and international management of the company. The empirical data came from semi-structured interviews with people interested in cultural diversity and how to handle it collaboratively. Particular emphasis is on four aspects of cross-culture: hierarchy, time, gender equality, and relationships. Findings:The findings show that a culturally varied workforce enhances competitive advantage when managed appropriately. In addition, individuals from many cultural backgrounds will offer their perspectives, abilities, and concerns. Research implications:The model of central cross-cultural aspects is identified. Similarly, further studies are also required to ascertain the effectiveness of cross-cultural awareness programs. Practical implications:The MNCs should include this kind of training in their CCT programs to create team member awareness. It would make the expatriates more aware of the issues they will be facing, will motivate them to learn and acquire the necessary skills, and will familiarize them with By letting them know what to anticipate, you may reduce any potential stress, speed up the transition process, and support the earliest possible development of cross-cultural competency. Social implications :The social importance of this research is its potential increase in cross cultural awareness and acceptance of differences among cross cultural employees. In addition, it fosters a deep and broad knowledge of and respect for the myriad values and norms of individuals from diverse social groups who work with them. Originality/value :The study is an original effort to look at four cross-cultural aspects to see how problems in these areas could be alleviated. Understanding the cultural differences within these dimensions can help you better grasp how to manage these differences inside a European multinational firm with Indian operations.