Cross-bred Cows Research Articles

Comparative analysis of the exterior of culled cows of different breeds in the Baikal Region

This article provides an analysis of the exterior of cows by physique indices. The purpose of this work is a comparative study of the exterior of cows of black-and-white, Simmental breeds and their crossbreeds. When comparing the physique indices, it was found that the culled cows of Simmental breed and crossbreeds after fattening had the highest indices: elongation, plumpness, chest, pelvic and massiveness. The results show that cross-breed cows (black-and-speckled x Simmental) are the largest among the breeds. The smallest cows of these represented breeds are black-and-speckled.

Effect of Dry Period Duration on Udder Health, Milk Production and Body Condition of Jersey Crossbred Cows at Lower Gangetic Tropics

Effect of Dry Period Duration on Udder Health, Milk Production and Body Condition of Jersey Crossbred Cows at Lower Gangetic Tropics

Detection of Reproductive Status in Ongole Crossbred (PO) Cow Based On Vaginal Epithel Morphology and Profile Hormone

Hormonal fluctuations in livestock will affect vaginal cytology good overview on the condition of estrous until pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to determine the physiological condition of Ongole crossbred (PO) cow during estrous and determine pregnancy by the description of vaginal epithelial cells, progesterone, and estrogen hormone profiles. The materials were used 35 cows with physiological status (estrous, 5th pregnancy period, 16th pregnancy period, 22nd pregnancy period, and 60th pregnancy period). Samples of Vaginal smear were stained with Giemsa, then it was observed using a microscope, with 40 times magnification. The progesterone and estrogen were analyzed by the ELISA method. The parameters measured were the percentage of vaginal epithelial cells, such as (parabasal, intermediate, and superficial) started estrous phase until the time of pregnancy in cows (5, 16, 22, and 60 days), hormone concentration, as well as the presence or absence of leukocytes. The result showed the Ongole crossbred cow estrous phase percentage of superficial cells 56.27%±6.49 higher than 26.23%±7.98 intermediate cells, followed by parabasal cells 17.50%±4.74. While in Ongole crossbred that were 5th pregnancy period until the 60th predominantly intermediate cell 80.43%±1.31, then the superficial cells 18.09%±1.30 and 1.48%±0.04 parabasal cells. Progesterone concentration was 63.74±1.07 ng.mL-1 in estrus cows, and steadily increased 93.71±0.94 ng.mL-1 to 149.5±0.71 ng.mL-1 in pregnant cows (5-60 days). The concentration of high estrogen levels were 122.38 ± 0.63 ng.mL-1 in the estrous phase, then decreased 81.54±0.44 ng.mL-1 in the pregnancy phase. In conclusion, the concentration of hormone showed a diagnosis of pregnancy, which done by looking at changes in vaginal epithelial cells at the Ongole crossbred cow, and the cow estrous phase showed greater superficial cells compared by pregnant cows (5-60 days).

Effect of Shatavari Root Powder (Asparagus racemosus) Supplementation on Milk Composition of Sahiwal Crossbred Cows

Effect of Shatavari Root Powder (Asparagus racemosus) Supplementation on Milk Composition of Sahiwal Crossbred Cows

Acute Phase Protein as Biomarker for Diagnosis of Sub-Clinical Mastitis in Cross-Bred Cows

The present study was carried out to investigate the role of acute phase proteins [Serum amyloid A (SAA) and milk amyloid A (MAA)] for diagnosis of sub-clinical mastitis in cross-bred cows. The study was conducted on 40 apparently healthy cross-bred cows, in the mid-lactation period and were equally divided into four groups [Group-I (Bacteriologically negative milk samples, California mastitis test (CMT) negative), Group-II (Bacteriologically negative with SCC £200,000 cells/ml milk, CMT positive), Group-III (Bacteriologically negative with SCC ³200,000 £500,000 cells/ml milk, CMT positive) and Group-IV (Bacteriologically positive with SCC ³200,000 £500,000 cells/ml milk, CMT positive)]. On bacteriological examination of 57 milk samples, 27(47.36%) were found positive and 30 (52.63%) were found negative. A highly significant (P 200,000 cells/ml, 74 µg/ml and 10 µg/ml, respectively for the diagnosis of sub-clinical mastitis with high sensitivity (90% to 100%). The area under curve of the SAA was larger than those of SCC and MAA, which suggests that the SAA test was more accurate than SCC and MAA for the diagnosis of sub-clinical mastitis.

KECERNAAN KALSIUM DAN FOSFOR RANSUM KOMPLIT BERBASIS TEBON JAGUNG PADA TERNAK SAPI PERANAKAN ONGOLE (PO)

DIGESTIBILITY OF CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS COMPLETE FEED BASED ON CORN FORAGE IN ONGOLE CROSSBREED COWS. Research was conducted to evaluate digestibility of calcium and phoshorus ongole crossbreed cows based on Corn Forage. Fourteen cows were used in this experiment, one and a half to two years old by weight of one hundred eighty to two hundred and fifty kilograms. this research was using experimental method, the data were analyzed by T test (Unequal Variance Assumed). Consisting of two replications and seven treatments used. The treatment used was : Ra = 50% concentrate+ 50% corn forage, Rb = 50% concentrate+ 25% king grass + 25% corn forage. The variables measured were feed calcium and phosphorus consumption, calcium and phosphorus digestibility. The results of analysis T test showed that intake capacity of calcium significantly affected (P<0.05) between Ra (31.49 gram/animal/day) and Rb (31.02 gram/animal/day) while calcium digestibility of treatment Rb (84.92%) higher significantly than Ra (77.70%). The results of analysis T test showed that intake capacity of phosphorus Rb (31.45 gram/animal/day) significantly affected (P<0.01) than Ra (30.52 gram/animal/day) and phosphorus digestibility Rb (88.39%) significantly affected (P<0.01) than Ra (83.94%). Based on the research result can be concluded that the complete feed consisting of 50% concentrate, 25% king grass (Pennisetum purpupoides) dan 25% corn forage increase digestibility of calcium and phosphorus ongole crossbreed cows.Key Words: Ongole crossbreed cattle, complete feed, digestibility, calcium and phosphorus.

English

English

The Effect of Parity on Colostrum Quality of Friesian Holstein Crossbred Cows in Indonesia

A study was conducted to figure out the colostrum quality at first milking from various parity of Friesian Holstein crossbred cows in rural area of Ngantang, Malang Regency, East Java. Colostrum quality was determined using Brix Refractometer (%). Thirty cows from first to fifth parity were used in this study. Each parity consisted of 6 cows. The colostrum samples were taken from first milking of each teat of the cows. The experimental method was using a Nested in Completely Randomized Design with parity as the treatment and teats position were nested to the parity. The data was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and if there was a significant difference in the averages it was continued by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that parity had a significant effect (P< 0.01) on the colostum quality, in which the higher the parity, the better the colostrum quality, from second parity (26.88 ± 1.20% Brix) to fifth parity (29.46 ± 1.68% Brix). However, that of first parity (28.92 ± 1.46% Brix) was higher than second parity. While the teats position were not significantly affect the colostrum quality, but there was a tendency that the rear teats had better colostrum quality than the front teats.

The Pregnancy Evaluation on Ongole Crossbred Cows by using Liquid Semen and Frozen Semen

Artificial Insemination using liquid semen is needed for areas where there is no liquid nitrogen and the high price of liquid Nitrogen and equipment for storing frozen semen. The purpose of this study was to determine the success rate of Artificial Insemination using Frozen semen and liquid semen on different diluents in cattle Ongole crossbred. The research method used was Field experiment design. The material used was 81 Ongole Crossbred cows. Each treatment was 27 head. Control was T0 = 27 Cows in AI use frozen semen, T1 = 27 Cows in AI uses Liquid semen with CEP-3 + 10% egg Yok diluter and T2 = 27 Cows in AI use Liquid semen with Tris Amino methan + 20% egg Yok diluter. Cows were selected by purposive sampling which was normal reproduction and showing normal signs of estrus. AI methods was Recto vaginal method with 4+ semen deposition (Uterus Position). The parameter observed were Non Return Rate and Conception rate. The pregnancy determination using the per rectal palpation method. The results showed that the value of NRR-1, NRR-2 and NRR-3 in T0 = 81,48%, 81,48% and 81,48%; of T1 = 81,48%, 81,48% and 70,37% while T2 = 96,30%, 88,89% and 81,48%. Whereas the Conception rate was at T0,T1 and T2 = 62,96%, 51,85% dan 59,26%. In conclusion, the success rate of liquid semen AI using CEP-3 + 20% egg yolk diluent and Tris Aminomethan + 20% egg yolk gave the same effect compared to AI using frozen semen.

Quality Characteristics of Banana based Milk Smoothies Developed from Milk of Hariana, Sahiwal and Cross Breed Cows

A study was undertaken to assess the quality characteristics and suitability of milk of Hariana (H), Cross breed (CB) and Sahiwal (S) cows for development of milk smoothies. The 125 g milk of each breed, 75 g of banana, three variants of sugar and 0.1 percent sodium alginate were used in formulation. Prepared smoothies were analyzed for different phyico-chemical and sensory characteristics. In general, non-significant (P0.05) differences were observed in physico-chemical characteristics among different smoothies. But mean values of water, protein and solid-not-fat showed significantly (P 0.05) different values. Water was significantly (P 0.05) lower while solid-not-fat was significantly (P 0.05) higher in Cross breed milk smoothies as compared to the smoothies of other breeds of cows. The sensory profile of all the smoothies were no significant (P 0.05) differences with each other. Finally Sahiwal milk smoothies were selected based on higher scores of sweetness, acidity, consistency and overall acceptability scores than others.

Effect of a second treatment of prostaglandin F2α during the Ovsynch program on fixed‐time artificial insemination conception rates and luteolysis in split‐calving, pasture‐fed dairy cows

To compare fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) conception rates and serum progesterone concentrations at the time of FTAI for cows treated with the original Ovsynch program (OV) with those treated with a modified Ovsynch (MO) program. This was a randomised clinical trial. The study used five split-calving, pasture-based dairy herds in Southwest Victoria, Australia. Controls (n = 851) received the OV program: day 0 gonadotropin-releasing hormone, day 7 prostaglandin F2α (PGF), day 9 gonadotropin-releasing hormone and FTAI at day 10. The treatment group (n = 852) received a MO program with an additional prostaglandin injection on day 8. Subsets of cows from each group were sampled for blood progesterone at the time of FTAI. The treatment group demonstrated FTAI conception rates that were 7% (95% confidence interval 2%-12%) greater than the control group. After adjusting for the effect of age, days in milk at Mating Start Date and herd, the odds of conception using FTAI was 1.36 (95% confidence interval 1.12-1.66) times greater for treatment group cows compared with control group cows. The variability of serum progesterone concentrations at the time of FTAI was significantly less for treatment group cows compared with control group cows. For Holstein-Friesian and Holstein-Friesian cross-bred cows managed in pasture-based dairy herds in southern Australia, a MO protocol, including a second injection of prostaglandin F2α on day 8, increased FTAI conception rates compared with cows receiving the OV protocol.

Influence of Alteration of Dry Period Feeding Management on Body Weight and Body Measurements of Jersey Crossbred Cows at Lower Gangetic Region

Alteration during far off dry period feeding management was done to see its effect on body weight and body measurements of Jersey cross bred cows. This study was conducted on 14 healthy dairy animals which were separated into two comparable groups on the basis of almost similar age groups, parity, body weight, and body condition score. Statistically analyzed data revealed that there was significantly higher (p 0.05) difference was reported in body weight and heart girth among control and treatment group animals. The coefficients of correlation indicated high and significant (P<0.01) correlation among body condition score, tail head thickness, body length, heart girth, abdominal girth in this study. It can be concluded that alteration of feeding management practices during far-off dry period does not significantly change body weight during dry period and post partum period but can lead to significant difference in some body measurements of Jersey crossbred cows at tropical lower Gangetic region. Correlation of parameters suggested that the larger body sized animal of same breed may produce more milk.

Milk coagulation traits and cheese yields of purebred Holsteins and 4 generations of 3-breed rotational crossbred cows from Viking Red, Montbéliarde, and Holstein bulls

Crossbreeding is a strategy to counter the declining fertility, resilience, and longevity of purebred Holstein (Ho) cows. However, little is known of the effects of long-term systematic rotational crossbreeding on milk technological properties and cheese yield (CY). In this study, we compared the individual milk composition, milk coagulation properties (MCP), and CY of 468 purebred Ho and 648 crossbred (CR) cows obtained from two 3-breed rotational crossbreeding systems using Viking Red (VR), Montbéliarde (Mo), and Ho sires over 4 generations. Individual milk samples were collected once from 1,116 primiparous and multiparous cows kept in 2 dairy herds, raised for the production of Grana Padano (high milk yield, total mixed ration based on corn silage) and Parmigiano Reggiano (moderate milk yield, only dry feeds) cheeses. In both herds, a 3-breed rotational mating system was used in which Ho cows were first inseminated with VR, whereas Mo and Ho semen was used in the subsequent generations. In one herd, the sequence Mo-VR-Ho was also used. Individual milk samples were analyzed for milk composition, single-point MCP, and parameters for modeling curd firming over time, whereas CY and milk nutrient recovery in the curd were assessed through a laboratory cheese-making procedure. Compared with Ho, CR cows produced 5.8% less milk, which had comparable fat but greater protein and casein contents and lower lactose contents and somatic cell scores. Milk from CR cows tended to reach a curd firmness of 20 mm more quickly and exhibited greater curd firmness at 45 and 60 min from rennet addition. Holstein and CR cows yielded milk with similar CY and recovery in the curd traits. The milk fat content, somatic cell scores, curd firmness traits, and CY of CR cows relative to the Ho cows differed in the 2 herds, and the favorable effects on the CR cows were more evident in the herd with the greatest milk yield and the worst MCP traits. Crossbred cows of the 4 generations performed similarly, with the exception of the better MCP of the milk from first-generation CR cows. The 2 rotational systems using different sire-breed sequences also performed similarly. In summary, both rotational crossbreeding programs exhibited some advantage over the Ho purebred breeding system in terms of milk composition and MCP but not CY. Future research is needed to investigate the interactions between crossbreeding schemes and dairy systems.

Influence of Alteration of Dry Period Feeding Management on Body Weight and Body Measurements of Jersey Crossbred Cows at Lower Gangetic Region

Influence of Alteration of Dry Period Feeding Management on Body Weight and Body Measurements of Jersey Crossbred Cows at Lower Gangetic Region

Effects of mineral supplementation on reproductive performance of pregnant cross-breed Bonsmara cows: An experimental study.

Minerals in animal feed occur in variable structures, most of which determine the uptake and usage in biological processes in the body. Effective chemical breakdown of minerals may ensure efficient utilization in metabolism. The aim this study was to evaluate the effects of mineral supplementation on reproduction in cows. A farm was selected for the experiment due to the fact that it previously experienced different reproductive conditions in the farm. The farm comprises cross‐breed cows with Bonsmara dominating in the farm. Twelve pregnant primiparous and multiparous cows of different ages, parity and weight, that had previously experienced reproductive conditions, were randomly selected for this study. The cows were then randomly sub‐divided into two groups (experimental and control group) of six. The experimental group was injected with MULTIMIN™ + Se + Cu at a dosage of 1 ml/45 kg BW and Calci 50 p.i. at a dosage of 100–150 ml/500 kg BW at an interval of 6 weeks (from June to October 2017). Blood samples were collected before every injection date. The t test was used to relate the mean weight gain and serum metabolite between the experimental and control groups. The body weight gain was significantly higher in the experimental group compared to the non‐supplemented group. Supplemented cows had significantly (p < .05) high levels of triglycerides and creatinine kinase. A case of retained placenta and dystocia among non‐supplemented cows were noted. Thus, mineral supplementation can be used to improve productivity and reproductive well‐being.

Pathomorphological study of atypical pulmonary tuberculosis in cross-bred cow - A case report

Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is a chronic granulomatous caseous-necrotizing inflammatory process that mainly affects the lungs and their draining lymph nodes. The present communication reports a case of pulmonary tuberculosis in a 7-year-old female crossbred cow from university dairy farm, GADVASU, Ludhiana. The animal died with the history of prolonged illness showing signs of respiratory distress and chronic wasting. The cow was also tested positive previously for tuberculosis by intradermal tuberculin testing. At necropsy, lesions were mostly observed in the pleura, lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes, which were characterized by the circumscribed yellowish white lesions of variable sizes (5 mm to 3 cm) and numbers. Microscopically, these lesions were characterized by tubercular granuloma displaying area of central necrosis with or without mineralization surrounded by macrophages, langhan's giant cells, epithelioid cells, lymphocytes, plasma cells, neutrophils and finally encircled by connective tissue capsule. Atypical granulomas were also noticed particularly in mediastinal lymph node and at times in lungs with extensive infiltration of epithelioid cells and without any caseation, calcification and giant cells. Special stain Ziehl-Neelsen confirmed the acid fast bacilli in the impression smear as well as tissue sections collected from the lesions. On the basis of gross, histopathological observations and special staining, the case was diagnosed as that of atypical pulmonary tuberculosis.

Investigation on Functional Reserves of the Testosterone-Synthesizing System in the Blood of 12-Month-Old Heifers in Different Breeds

The article presents the data on the functional activity of testosterone-synthesizing system in the 12-month-old black-and-white Holstein, Simmental, Aberdeen-Angus heifers, as well as cross-bred cows (Simmental x Aberdeen-Angus). The study had the following goals set: 1. To compare the data between the experimental groups of heifers of different breeds. 2. To carry out the functional stress tests of the testosterone synthesizing system in experimental heifers at the age of 12 months. 3. To study the functional activity of the testosterone-synthesizing system in experimental heifers of different breeds. 4. To calculate the activity coefficients of the testosterone-synthesizing system in experimental groups of heifers at the age of 12 months. The studies were carried out on black-and-white Holstein, Simmental, and Aberdeen-Angus heifers and their crossbred heifers (Simmental x Aberdeen-Angus). In order to determine the functional reserves of the testosterone synthesizing system, chorionic gonadotropin (CG) was intramuscularly administered at 12 months of age, and the activity of the testosterone synthesizing system was determined. The introduction of chorionic hormone at a dose of 0.5 units/kg causes hyperfunction of the testosterone-synthesizing system. Moreover, the maximum level of testosterone in the blood of heifers at 12 months of age was observed 24 hours after its third administration. The results of the effects of functional stress tests on the testosterone synthesizing system of the heifers indicate that the potential reserves of the testosterone synthesizing system in the Simmental and black-and-white breeds at the age of 6 months are lower than in Aberdeen-Angus and cross-breed animals.

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Acute anaplasmosis in a holstein-friesian cross breed cattle: A case report

A six year old Holstein-Friesian cross-bred cow with the history of weakness, anorexia, shivering and respiratory distress, marked reduction in milk yield, difficulty in standing after sitting since a week was reported in Udaipur, Rajasthan. On hematological analysis, Low haemoglobin level (2.8 gm %) was observed. On microscopic examination of the stained blood smear revealed the presence of Anaplasma marginale organisms as solid dots on the periphery the RBC. Based on these findings a diagnosis of anaplasmosis was made and the case was treated with Oxytetracycline @20 mg/kg body weight, I/V, for five days, Imidocarb (3 mg/kg body weight) for one day and other supportive therapies. Improvement was noticed after three days of treatment.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BLOOD METABOLIC PROFILES AND MILK YIELD ASSOCIATED WITH PARITY AND STAGE OF LACTATION IN CROSSBRED DAIRY COWS IN BANGLADESH

Background: Cattle cross-breeding program has been launched throughout Bangladesh but this program has still focused mainly on biological rather than economic evaluation. Currently, 30000 dairy farms with mainly cross-bred cows are in operation throughout the country and this intensive dairy farming system with high milk yielding dairy cows is supposed to be associated with high incidence of sub-clinical nutritional and metabolic diseases. Objectives: The objective of this study was to detect the relationship between major blood metabolic profiles and milk yield associated with parity and stage of lactation in cross-bred dairy cows. Materials and Methods: Blood samples of 220 apparently healthy lactating cross-bred dairy cows (HF x L, n = 190; SH x L, n = 20 and JS x L, n = 10) of 10 dairy herds were collected for metabolic profile test (MPT) in Bangladesh during the period from July to November 2016. The major metabolic profiles which are associated with milk fever (calcium, phosphorus &amp; magnesium) and ketosis (glucose) were considered in this study. These biochemical parameters were estimated to detect the influence of risk factors including herds, breeds, parities and lactation age of cross-bred lactating dairy cows by using the commercial kits in spectrophotometer method. Results: The evaluation of the biochemical constituents of 220 cross-bred lactating dairy cows revealed that 30% (n = 66) had hypocalcaemia and 20.45% (n = 45) had hypoglycemia. Significantly lower levels of average calcium (7.93 ± 0.36 mg/dl; p &lt; 0.024) and glucose (43.44 ± 3.63 mg/dl; p &lt; 0.0001) values were recorded in HF x L cross-bred dairy herd of BAUDF, Mymensingh in comparison to other investigated nine dairy herds. The highest milk yield was recorded at 7th parity (16 +- 0.91 liter / day) and 1st week of lactation (17.33 +- 1.09 liter / day) were associated with low mean calcium (8.09 +- 0.85 mg / dl; 6.68 +- 0.13 mg/dl) and glucose (36.45 +- 7.67 mg/dl; 32.31 +- 3.90 mg / dl) levels in comparison to the respective values of different parity and lactation weeks. Conclusions: A relationship between blood metabolic profiles and milk yield associated with herd, breed, parity and lactation stages was recorded in lactating crossbred dairy cows. The evaluation of blood metabolites at different stages of lactation cycle especially at transition period is required to detect the nutritional and metabolic health for optimum milk production and to achieve maximum reproductive potential of high yielding dairy cattle. The readily available milk samples could be used as a biological fluid to monitor the health and nutritional status of dairy cows by using mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy method to prevent sub-clinical metabolic disorders. Therefore, well developed laboratories with necessary equipment, test kits and reagent should be provided to perform MPT in both the blood and milk samples for practical uses. Keywords: Compton metabolic profile test, Metabolic profile, Lactating cross-bred cows, Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Glucose, Parity, Lactation stages