Cross-border Electronic Commerce Research Articles

Construction of Cross-Border E-Commerce Supply Chain of Agricultural Food Products based on Blockchain Technology

The European Union has for several years been a critical export market and a significant source of imports for us, and the US has, in general, kept closed domestic players vis-à-vis the EU. However, given the variety of alternative market conditions and EU forms, the attractiveness of cross-border electronic commerce (CBEC) between China and the EU has fallen far short, and there is an urgency to create a harmonious and uniform environmental environment for the exchange of information to facilitate the convenience of cross border electronic commerce. This study examines the CBEC of agricultural goods and its cooperative management technique inside the logistical supply chain. It details the complete transaction model and fundamental components and presents a theoretical framework for the CBEC distribution network. The Block Chain can effectively bridge the obstacles to CBEC in Chinese and European countries by providing a valuable source of benefits from decentralization, trust, anti-counterfeiting, consensus, innovative procurement, and extraordinary techniques, which will provide the basis for building an Embedded Provider Platform for Electronic Commerce, Risk Management System for Deposit Risk Management, Supply Chain (SC) Management System, Cross Border Logistic System, Customs Supervisory Computer, etc. The paper examines how blockchain science can assemble CBEC SC computing devices for agricultural goods between global places in Central Europe. Firstly, it expounds on the theory and characteristics of the blockchain. Then, the paper introduces the troubles that arise in the CBEC supply chain. Then, the thesis proposes a blockchain-based CBEC SC structure, analyzes the aspects and relations among each other, and provides a framework for developing a China-European blockchain cross-border electronic Commerce. The test findings indicate that the system satisfies the criteria for tracking agricultural items and enhances fresh farm commodities' quality and security.

Analysis And Evaluation of The Budgetary Effectiveness of The Introduction of The Customs Procedure of The Customs Warehouse in The Implementation of Cross-Border Electronic Commerce

In the context of the modern approach to organized cross-border electronic commerce, it becomes obvious that a sufficient level of demand for goods supplied from foreign Internet sites and distributed for the purposes of personal consumption of citizens is being formed. However, at this stage of regulation of cross-border trade, the following tasks remain unresolved: assessment of the applied practice of cross-border electronic commerce using customs warehouses in foreign countries; assessment of export-import potential for conducting cross-border operations in the Russian Federation, implemented in conditions of cross-border electronic sales. It is also necessary to have a bond policy for storing, saving and declaring goods imported from international trading platforms in Russia. In connection with the above, the article presents some results of the analysis of foreign practice in the fi eld of foreign cross-border trade. Problems have been identifi ed in the organization of foreign trade between Russia and the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union. The intermediate facts of the customs experiment in the EAEU are outlined, including the need for duty-free storage of foreign goods placed under the customs warehouse procedure. A new system of indicators is needed to assess the budgetary and socio-economic eff ectiveness of measures for the functioning of customs warehouses. As a result of the research, the article proposes algorithms for calculating the budgetary efficiency of introducing the customs procedure of a customs warehouse within the framework of activities in the single economic space.

Legal Regulation and the Role of Cross-Border Electronic Commerce in the Process of Post-War Reconstruction of Ukraine

Legal Regulation and the Role of Cross-Border Electronic Commerce in the Process of Post-War Reconstruction of Ukraine

Legal Regulation of Cross-Border Relations in E-commerce in the context of Parallel Imports

The sale of goods on marketplaces, including foreign trade activities, is actively spreading in the modern world and provokes competition with classical (offline) trade. Marketplaces, as electronic trading platforms in a broader sense, are often interested in implementing new, stable approaches to the sale of goods, including cross-border foreign trade activities, in order to offer online buyers a wide range of goods at competitive prices. Parallel import is one of the strategies used by sellers and business owners on marketplaces to achieve this goal. Since foreign trade using parallel import tools involves, in fact, the resale on the domestic market of goods that are produced abroad and imported for sale in a particular State without the consent of the right-holder, as well as marked with the trademark of the right-holder or in which other results of intellectual activity are expressed (relevant from the point of view of the problem of exhaustion of exclusive rights, in particular, the objects of patent rights), cross-border opportunities of marketplaces seem to be the best place for the sale of goods imported by means of parallel imports. At the same time, the peculiarities of cross-border electronic commerce give rise to the latest challenges related to the proliferation of counterfeit products, violation of the intellectual rights of third parties, the requirements of the legislation of the country of sale on advertising, protection of competition, protection of consumer rights.

Research on B2C Cross-Border Electronic Commerce Return Logistics Model Selection Based on Estimated Return Rate

This paper investigates the estimated return rate and optimal order quantity under three cross-border e-commerce return logistics modes: direct mail (from predecessor), in situ destruction (new), and insurance (new). The estimated return rate under each model was analyzed and it was found that different modes have different thresholds in delivery lead time (the time retailers need to deliver goods to customers), and within which the estimated return rate increases as the delivery lead time increases. And a size comparison of the estimated return rates for the three models was conducted. A profit model was constructed based on the estimated return rate model, the optimal order quantity was calculated, and the effects of different factors (tax, postage, and delivery lead time etc.) on it were analyzed. For the insurance model, the effect of bearing the insurance ratio between retailers and consumers on the optimal order quantity was examined. The goal of this paper was to construct a model of the estimated return rate for the two new modes and to compare the estimated return rate of the three modes, which provides a reference for retailers to choose among the diversified return logistics modes and then make the best ordering strategy according to the influence of different factors on the optimal order quantity.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ФИНАНСОВЫХ САНКЦИЙ США НА ТРАНСГРАНИЧНУЮ ЭЛЕКТРОННУЮ ТОРГОВЛЮ МЕЖДУ КИТАЕМ И РОССИЕЙ

This article analyzes the impact of financial sanctions on cross-border electronic commerce using Russia and China as examples. The authors examine both primary and secondary financial sanctions, as well as the problems arising in cross-border electronic commerce due to the exclusion of Russian banks from the SWIFT system. They also discuss alternative payment systems such as SPFS (Bank of Russia's Financial Messaging System) and CIPS (Cross-Border Interbank Payment System), which aim to replace SWIFT. Additionally, the article notes a decrease in the activity of major trading platforms in the Russian market in the context of sanctions against Russia, indicating serious challenges for cross-border electronic commerce that may lead to reduced trade volumes between the countries and complicate business processes.

Ринок електронної комерції в Україні: роль європейських та міжнародних організацій із цифрової комерції

The article examines the role of international and European e-commerce organizations in the context of increasing the competitiveness of e-business in Ukraine. The analysis of trends in the development of the Ukrainian and global e-commerce market was carried out, the importance of the development of international e-commerce and advocacy bodies in accordance with the specified sector was emphasized. The importance of sustainable digital transformation, which will contribute to growth and stimulate sustainable development, was highlighted separately. In this aspect, the need of implementation the legislation, standards and best practices of EU for the harmonization of the digital market of Ukraine as a whole was emphasized. Barriers to the development of e-commerce in Ukraine have been structured, which include: cognitive barriers; language barrier; cultural features; customer support; expansion of consumer rights protection policy in accordance with EU rules; internet connection speed; payment settings/payment services (currency conversion). In addition, the definition of «cross-border electronic commerce» was proposed.

Вопросы обложения НДС при проведении эксперимента по совершению назначенным оператором почтовой связи таможенных операций в отношении товаров трансграничной электронной торговли

The article provides an analysis of unregulated issues from the point of view of tax legislation related to the value added tax (VAT) purposes when selling electronic commerce goods as part of an experiment with bonded warehouses for the performance of customs operations by a designated postal operator using the customs procedure of a customs warehouse in relation to goods imported into the Russian Federation in for the purpose of subsequent acquisition by individuals in the framework of crossborder (foreign) electronic commerce and sent by mail.

Exploring Innovative Business Models in Cross-border E-commerce under Digital Economy

In the wave of digital economy, cross-border electronic commerce is becoming a global business leader, promoting the emergence of new business models and operational strategies. The purpose of this paper is to deeply study the opportunities and challenges faced by cross-border electronic commerce in the era of digital economy, and to explore the key factors of its innovative business model. Through the detailed analysis of successful enterprise cases, we reveal the positive role of digital technology in improving user experience, expanding market boundaries and promoting global competition. It is found that emerging technologies, such as big data analysis, virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) and blockchain, not only give cross-border electronic commerce a new business paradigm, but also promote the digitalization of supply chain, personalization of user experience and globalization of market positioning. Successful cross-border electronic commerce enterprises stand out in the competitive environment in the digital age. They not only adapt to the changing market through continuous technological innovation, but also realize the evolution and sustainable development of business model with the support of user-centered, global perspective and strategic cooperation. These research results provide profound enlightenment for enterprises to formulate innovation strategies in the era of digital economy, and also provide useful reference for further research in this field in academic circles.

Valuation of E-Сommerce Goods Imported Into the Customs Territory of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU)

The increases in cross-border electronic commerce (e-commerce) over the past decade have generated enormous opportunities for the global economy by providing new cross-border transactions, prompting development of new business models, driving new consumption trends, and creating new jobs. E-commerce has become a game changer for international trade while also giving rise to a wide range of challenges for customs regulation and methodology all over the world. The Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) is no exception, and its members have been working on amendments to the union’s Customs Code since 2021. One of the greatest challenges is arriving at valuations. It may seem that e-commerce is merely another form of trade, but the authors maintain that we need to acknowledge the changes it brings to the trade environment and provide solutions that deal with them. Suitable valuation of e-commerce goods is a crucial element in those solutions. The authors propose separate e-commerce valuation approaches for the different business models in e-commerce: business-to-consumer (B2C) and business-to-warehouse-to-consumer (BWC). In order to respond to existing and emerging challenges in revenue collection, particularly for the large number of relatively low-value and small-scale cross-border e-commerce transactions, the authors recommend using sales value for the B2C model and customs value for the BWC model, and they offer their views on how to assign the sales value and the customs value of e-commerce goods. Although the authors’ proposals are largely reflected in Article 309 entitled “Value of e-commerce goods purchased by natural persons” of the protocol adopted in December 2023, it should be noted that this approach constitutes a fundamentally new kind of customs regulation. In it such constructions as “information on the final value” may be interpreted as establishing the price of goods solely according to the value set in the marketplace. However, such an interpretation will inevitably run the risk of conflicts between buyers of goods and e-commerce operators, on the one hand, and customs authorities, on the other.

Understanding the One Belt One Road Initiative (BRI) influence on exportations of Chinese smartphones: The moderating role of the GDP per capita

The One Belt One Road Initiative (BRI) has been the subject of multitudinous studies from various angles. Most previous studies have focused on BRI’s economic, geopolitical, or commercial implications for China. However, the few studies that focused on BRI’s influence on the exportations or importations of Chinese products via the Chinese Cross-border Electronic Commerce Market (CCBECM) have been carried out based only on authors’ opinions rather than on empirical evidence. Therefore, the actual effect of BRI on the exportations of Chinese product brands via CCBECM in BRI countries still needs to be discovered. Utilizing B2C exportation data of Chinese smartphones and a Difference-in Difference Model (DIDM), we have first examined the actual and direct impact of BRI policy on Chinese smartphone brands exportations via the Chinese Cross-border Electronic Commerce Market (CCBECM) from 2012 to 2019 in BRI countries. Secondly, we assessed the moderating role of GDP per capita (GDP) and Internet Access Rate (IAR) between BRI policy and exportations of Chinese smartphone brands. The results showed that the impact of BRI remains insignificant on the exportations of Chinese smartphones via CCBECM in BRI countries. However, it could be significant if BRI includes more developed and economically strong countries. The study also highlighted a negative moderating role of GDP per capita between BRI policy and exportations, showing that the higher the BRI effect is, the less GDP per capita will influence Chinese smartphone exportations in BRI countries.

Development trends of cross-border e-commerce In Kazakhstan

Today the global world is characterized by active development and widespread penetration of information and communication technologies in various spheres of life. This trend has also influenced the ways and formats of doing business: today e-commerce is already actively developing, which has provided new development prospects for business in the form of savings on transaction costs, the possibility of access to global markets without the need to be present on the spot, etc. The purpose of this article is to expand the coverage of balance of payments statistics on certain types of foreign economic transactions of individuals, to improve the quality and reliability of external sector statistics. The article presents trends in the development of cross-border electronic commerce and approaches to estimating its volumes in the balance of payments indicators.

Restrictions on Cross-Border Trade in E-Commerce as a Form of Consumer Protection

Since the beginning of the third millennium era, the world of commerce has experienced a significant evolution with the emergence of e-commerce platforms. Bank Indonesia estimates that e-commerce transactions in 2022 will reach Rp489 trillion. Correspondingly, in Q3 2022, it was recorded that 62.6% of internet users over the age of 16 have used e-commerce platforms to purchase products and services online, increasing the potential for discrepancies between product descriptions and reality, as well as difficulties in returning products from abroad, resulting in financial losses and dissatisfaction for consumers. This research aims to investigate the effectiveness of cross-border trade restrictions in e-commerce as a consumer protection strategy in Indonesia. The normative juridical method is used in this research. The research found that restrictions on cross-border trade in e-commerce refer to various barriers and regulations applied by states to govern cross-border electronic commerce activities. These barriers include tariffs, taxes, quotas, product quality standards, certification, etiquette, as well as rules regarding consumer personal data and payment transactions. In addition, in the era of globalization, trading cross-border transactions has become routine, but carries legal and commercial risks for consumers transacting with entities outside their jurisdiction. Therefore, to respond to the escalation of cross-border trade in e-commerce platforms, Indonesia needs to emphasize data protection and security in digital transactions such as related to cryptographic techniques and privacy policies of e-commerce providers in order to provide certainty and legal protection in terms of protecting consumers.

Exploring the academic development trace and theme evolution in Cross-Border Electronic Commerce

Exploring the academic development trace and theme evolution in Cross-Border Electronic Commerce

Research on Cultivating Business Talents Through In-Depth Cooperation Between Universities and Enterprises

The demand for skilled business professionals has reached unparalleled heights in the context of the constantly globalizing world. The China-Shanghai Cooperation Organization Demonstration Zone for Local Economic and Trade Collaboration in Qingdao (Qingdao SCO demonstration zone) has garnered attention as a prominent hub for fulfilling the growing need in this area. The notion of collaboration between universities and enterprises has become an essential approach, assuming a crucial role in the development of these individuals. The phenomenon described is particularly conspicuous within the domain of cross-border electronic commerce, a sector that is currently undergoing rapid expansion and significant changes. This extensive study delves into the intricate dynamics of university-enterprise cooperation inside the Qingdao SCO demonstration zone. The methodology employed in this study is characterized by its robustness, as it incorporates a comprehensive examination of the available literature, statistical investigations, and real-world implementations of the collaboration model. Notably, there is a particular focus on the city of Qingdao. The research also examines the incorporation of the “industry-university-research” model at a societal level, investigating its ramifications and efficacy of business talent cultivation in the domain of cross-border e-commerce. The initial results of the study underscore the exceptional efficacy of the university-enterprise collaboration paradigm. This model has demonstrated its significance in enhancing students’ understanding of the market, their ability to adapt, and their overall potential for employment. The emerging cross-border e-commerce industry in Qingdao has introduced a new set of demands for skilled professionals in the business sector. These span complex topics such as cross-cultural communication, innovative digital marketing tactics, and a comprehensive awareness of the numerous legal and regulatory frameworks governing e-commerce businesses. In this particular context, the strategy known as “SCO-Integration-Combination” has been introduced as an innovative technique aimed at enhancing the collaboration between academic institutions and enterprises inside the Qingdao SCO demonstration zone. The findings of this study highlight the crucial significance of enhancing partnerships between universities and enterprises in the Qingdao SCO demonstration zone. These strategic relationships serve to accelerate the process of talent development and guarantee a smooth synchronization between educational paradigms and the constantly changing industrial requirements of China, particularly in the dynamic field of cross-border e-commerce.

FOREIGN VERSUS DOMESTIC PRODUCTS IN CROSS-BORDER E-COMMERCE: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

We aim to add value to the ongoing inconsistencies by extracting models from past studies and building an overarching framework for understanding the purchase intentions of foreign and domestic products in the cross-border electronic commerce (CBEC) context. We review significant works in various disciplines and systematically extend abstractions from diverse models and theories toward iterative methods. We deconstruct and (re)construct them into the framework. We identify the importance of segmenting consumer engagement with global-local discourses and screen samples not engaging with the country of origin (COO) discussions. We pinpoint the significance of the underlying theories of social class, rational choice, social identity, COO, substitute versus complementary, schema, consumer culture, adaptive structuration, and the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology. We highlight the urgency of drawing from multidisciplinary approaches to acknowledge the complex relationship between constructs of product types, social class, ethnocentrism, informedness, benefits, perceived risks, and the purchase intention of domestic and foreign products. Researchers should refine models based on consumer segments and test the framework to examine its usability. Policymakers and international marketers can refine policies and strategies by incorporating the framework's critical success factors. We fill the wide research gap in international marketing and information systems literature by offering an integrative approach that broadens our understanding of foreign versus domestic product controversies.

Effects of cross-border E-commerce customs declaration ceiling increase on export performance under COVID-19 conditions

PurposeThis study examines the impact of raising the ceiling value of Electronic Commerce Custom Declarations (ECCD) on Turkey's export performance processed via ECCD during the COVID-19 period.Design/methodology/approachThis paper examines the impact of the pandemic conditions on Cross-Border Electronic Commerce (ECCD) exports from Turkey to 47 countries over 42 months before and during the pandemic. An empirical analysis using the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) and Mean Group (MG), Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach was conducted to identify the factors affecting export flows.FindingsThe findings suggest that raising the ceiling of the ECCD trade is a vital factor in increasing exports. and this result is robust after controlling for pandemic conditions. On the other hand, although the COVID-19 shock mitigates the export volume of ECCD in the short run, it changes by reversal and increases the export level in the long run. Additionally, the number of COVID-19 cases and deaths in Turkey have a significant and negative impact on export flows in the short run, while they have a positive and significant effect in the long run.Practical implicationsThe results of this study have practical implications for policymakers, emphasizing the potential and significance of Cross-Border E-Commerce (CBEC) trade.Originality/valueThe study is a pioneering effort in the literature of CBEC to explore how changes in the upper limit on customs declarations can affect export flows, taking into account the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Identifying and prioritizing the critical quality attributes for business-to-business cross-border electronic commerce platforms

Business-to-business (B2B) cross-border e-commerce (EC) platforms play a critical role in reducing the psychological barriers to cross-border demand. For example, they simplify the search for and comparison of products and suppliers across countries. However, little research on the quality attributes of B2B cross-border EC platforms has been conducted. To alleviate this research gap, this study aimed to identify and prioritize the quality attributes of B2B cross-border EC platforms. Two research methods were applied: First, the modified Delphi technique was used to identify the critical quality attributes from journal articles with the approval of industrial practitioners. In addition, based on the theory of attractive quality, we conducted focus group interviews with industrial practitioners to prioritize the quality attributes of B2B cross-border EC platforms. The results of a Kano model analysis revealed 7 must-be, 15 one-dimensional, 14 attractive, and one indifference quality attributes of B2B cross-border EC platforms among the identified 37. This study provides practical insights for designers and sellers of B2B cross-border EC platforms.

Problems and Countermeasures of the Development of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in Cross-border Electronic Commerce

Under the background of economic globalization, cross-border electronic commerce has become the foundation of China’s foreign trade development. Cross-border electronic commerce is a new type of trade developed in the process of economic globalization, which has developed rapidly in recent years, but there are still many shortcomings in the development of cross-border electronic commerce. In order to solve the problems existing in the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in cross-border electronic commerce, the thesis puts forward some suggestions based on the development model of cross-border electronic commerce, which lays the foundation for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in cross-border electronic commerce.

Analysis of the Supervision Mechanism after the Event in Cross-border Electronic Commerce

With the gradual rise of Internet and information technology, e-commerce as a means of trade has gradually spread and developed rapidly. As one of the special sub-categories of e-commerce, cross-border electronic commerce has certain difficulties and particularities in supervision. The thesis will focus on cross-border electronic commerce’s supervision during and after the event, deeply explore the characteristics of cross-border electronic commerce and analyze how to effectively improve the supervision mechanism according to its characteristics, accordingly conduct good supervision on cross-border electronic commerce and realize the sound and healthy development of cross-border electronic commerce.