Cross-border Alliances Research Articles

Collaborative journalism and cross-border collaborations for newsafety: Navigating security and solidarity mechanisms in cooperative practices in Latin American news media

In an era of globalisation, journalism transcends national and cultural boundaries, with international events commanding significant media attention. This evolution necessitates researching the complex networks that produce news in our interconnected world. This study examines the transformative impact of collaborative journalism in Latin America, focusing on cross-border alliances and their dual role in enhancing journalistic safety and solidarity. Notable efforts such as Tierra de Resistentes, Lava Jato, and regional teams behind the Panama and Pandora Papers demonstrate the power of collective journalistic efforts in the region. This research investigates how journalists and news outlets implement cross-border coverage through quantitative and qualitative analysis, including a survey of 75 respondents across 15 Latin American countries and 19 in-depth interviews with media practitioners in 10 countries. Our findings reveal that the success of collaborative journalism depends on contextual factors and organisational frameworks that prioritise material support, effectively functioning as solidarity and security networks. These collaborations have significantly shaped public discourse despite challenging contexts, including underdeveloped economies and authoritarian regimes. Particular attention is paid to approaches to journalist security through partnerships, training initiatives, and consultancy. This study advances scholarly literature and practical understanding by demonstrating that collaborative journalism’s empowering potential in Latin America is realised primarily through its crucial role in fostering solidarity and implementing comprehensive safety measures for journalists.

Distance between Emerging and Developed Economies on Cross-Border Alliance Governance

Distance between Emerging and Developed Economies on Cross-Border Alliance Governance

Strategic Alliances and Firm Innovation in Global Markets in Turkey

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the strategic alliances and firm innovation in global markets in Turkey. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Strategic alliances significantly enhance firm innovation in global markets, particularly in Turkey. These partnerships enable firms to access resources and knowledge, driving innovation through joint R&D and technological advancements. In Turkey, alliances with multinational corporations and global partners accelerate technology adoption and best practices, boosting local firms' innovation capabilities and expanding market reach. Despite challenges like cultural differences and regulatory issues, effective alliance management can greatly benefit firms by improving competitiveness and innovation outcomes globally. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Resource-based view (RBV) theory, transaction cost economics (TCE) theory & social network theory may be used to anchor future studies on strategic alliances and firm innovation in global markets in Turkey. Enhance organizational capabilities in alliance management through training programs and knowledge-sharing platforms that emphasize best practices in partner selection, negotiation, and collaborative innovation. Develop supportive regulatory frameworks that encourage cross-border alliances and facilitate intellectual property protection, thereby reducing legal uncertainties and enhancing trust among international partners.

Which partners become targets? The role of location in partner acquisitions

This paper seeks to explain how location affects the likelihood of partner acquisition. We develop a novel framework that (i) emphasizes the decoupling between a firm's headquarters and its alliance-making division and their roles regarding alliance management and partner acquisition decisions and (ii) highlights that these decisions are contingent on location-related factors that shape the structural configuration of alliances. Findings from a comprehensive study of 20,165 alliances and 1838 subsequent majority acquisition events reveal that the acquisition likelihood tends to be higher in cross-border alliances than in domestic ones. We further find that increasing national cultural distance between the headquarters of the two partnering organizations attenuates this effect. In contrast, the co-location of the focal firm's alliance-making division and its headquarters further increases the likelihood of acquiring a cross-border partner. We provide a distinct explanation of partner acquisition, placing the interface of location and alliance structure centerstage to explain which alliance partners become acquisition targets. More generally, our findings inform research on strategic decision-making in areas where location is key, such as firm boundary configuration.

Signaling Effects of CSR Performance on Cross-border Alliance Formation

Signaling Effects of CSR Performance on Cross-border Alliance Formation

The effect of CEO prominence on cross-border acquisitions: An international entrepreneurship approach

Cross-border acquisitions and cross-border alliances are two of the most popular entry modes for firms, although each entails different levels of risk. In addition to its industry and location, a firm’s choice of entry mode may also be affected by its chief executive officer (CEO). We explore how a CEO’s level of prominence influences a firm’s entry mode choice. Studying the relationship between CEO prominence and firm entry mode choice is imperative because CEO prominence is a predictor of both an individual’s personality and their risk-propensity. We use data from US-based S&P 1500 firms to test how CEO media appearances influence a firm’s choice between cross-border acquisitions and cross-border alliances. The results indicate that prominent CEOs are more likely to engage in cross-border acquisitions than in cross-border alliances. Furthermore, this tendency increases when the CEO has broad managerial experience or international human capital.

“Valeu a pena?” An assessment of Vale's operations in Mozambique through the prism of the International Articulation of those Affected by Vale

In this paper, we offer an assessment of almost 20 years of Vale's operation in Mozambique through the lenses of the International Articulation of those Affected by Vale (IAAV). Based on literature review, documental analysis, fieldwork, and participatory research, we analyzed IAAV's main repertoires of action: international meetings and caravans, the “Unsustainability Reports” and the annual interventions in the company's annual shareholders assembly. We argue that IAAV is an unprecedented experience of articulation among civil society organizations and social movements to monitor and confront a corporation from the “global South”. Our case shed light to the role played by social movements and NGOs as political translators. International diffusion is not taken as an automatic and mechanic process, but as a multi-actor process that involves a hard, contingent, and powerful political work of building cross-border alliances. It requires a permanent work of perception alignment, (re)interpretation, and translation, which must be more investigated. The interactions between Brazilian and Mozambicans organizations since 2010 reinforced similarities of local realities in both countries; created common interests and objectives; fostered the exchange of ideas and knowledge; produced several research outputs, reports, and campaigns; and boosted other spaces of cooperation and solidarity.

Online Appendix for 'State-Owned Enterprises and Cross-Border Alliances'

Online Appendix for 'State-Owned Enterprises and Cross-Border Alliances'

Cooperative evolution and symmetry breaking in interdependent networks based on alliance mechanisms

In real life, alliance organizations are common. Cross-border alliances and cross-industry cooperation are very popular business models where entities can achieve a win-win situation by leveraging each other’s strengths. To reveal how cooperation evolves under a cross-layer alliance, we introduce the prisoner’s dilemma game to depict the social dilemma, the interdependent two-layer network to depict the interaction structure. Eventually, the experimental results show that the alliance of individuals between layers can effectively inhibit network defective behavior and enhance the activity of cooperative behavior. As alliance strength increases, spontaneous symmetry breaking occurs and the breaking strength roughly tends to increase first and then decrease. This phenomenon is mainly caused by the asynchronous expansion of heterogeneous strategy coupling among two-layer networks, while the difference in time scales is another important factor in breaking the symmetry, thus further enriching the study of network reciprocity.

Do Prominent CEOs Favor Riskier Foreign Country Entry Modes?

One of the most commonly used international strategies is cross-border acquisition and cross-border alliance. While both strategies are essential in entering foreign countries, each strategy is associated with different risk levels. However, the theoretical basis for an explanation of a firm's choice of foreign country entry mode in light of the CEO prominence is somewhat limited. In this paper, I argue that a firm's choice of entry mode in a foreign country can be influenced by the CEO's level of prominence. In particular, I contend that prominent CEOs would be more likely to be oriented towards increasing cross-border acquisitions while reducing cross-border alliances. Additionally, I also contend that such a relationship has the potential to be moderated if the CEO is a generalist or possesses equity ownership. As a means of testing these relations, I collect data from S&P 1500 U.S based firms and empirically examine how CEO prominence influences a firm's decision between cross-border acquisition and cross-border alliance. Results indicate that prominent CEOs are more likely to increase cross-border acquisitions while decreasing cross-border alliances. In addition, I find that this tendency tends to increase when the CEO is also a generalist, whereas it diminishes when the CEO has high equity ownership.

State-Owned Enterprises and Cross-Border Alliances

State-Owned Enterprises and Cross-Border Alliances

Global trends and problems of digital transformation in the global aviation services market

In the article, based on an assessment of the evolution, dynamics and modern trends in the development of world aviation, it was substantiated that at the present stage, aviation is one of the most globalized industries, continuing its geographical expansion, withstanding world crises and demonstrating longterm growth and sustainability. The main trends in the modernization of the aviation industry are revealed and the mechanisms of the impact of digitalization on the consumption patterns in the modern world market of aviation services in the context of demographic and technological shifts are assessed. The possibilities of introducing new models of service delivery in the context of digitalization of world aviation have been identified. The main global trends have been formulated that will determine the development of the world aviation services market in the context of its digitalization in the future, in particular: the development of customer focus; accelerated implementation of advanced data analytics; increasing pressure on airlines in the context of increasing environmental sustainability; complication of distribution systems in the context of increased competition with international companies — technology giants; modification of international airline networks; growth of cross-border partnerships and strategic alliances in the industry. We have found that the most important area of modernization of the industry will be the challenges of the development of intermodal and multimodal air transport communications, as well as the optimization of air traffic management at the international level. Finally, the authors believe that regulatory differentiation and heterogeneity in different countries remains a key barrier to digital transformation in the global aviation services market, and besides, national legislation is not yet able to timely adapt to the rapid changes taking place in the market.

The Influence of Institutional Differences on Control Mechanisms in Alliances

ABSTRACT Cross-border alliances expose firms to heightened risks, posing different governance and control challenges than domestic alliances. We examine the impact of differences in alliance partner countries' institutional environments. Analysis of survey data supports our contention that cross-border alliances involve a greater reliance on formal controls, particularly when firms collaborate with partners in countries with a weaker institutional environment. These relations exist regardless of governance structure (i.e., equity or non-equity alliance) that prior research considers a critical choice for addressing cross-border alliance risks. Additional analyses show that four subdimensions of institutional characteristics (voice and accountability, regulatory quality, rule of law, and control of corruption) and one subdimension of formal controls (behavior controls) are the main drivers in the association between institutional distance and reliance on formal controls. These findings demonstrate the distinct impact of institutional environment as a country-level determinant of alliance control choices. Data Availability: Due to confidentiality agreements with respondents, the data cannot be released publicly. JEL Classifications: D23; D82; L22; M4.

Between Monarchy and Demands for Political Change: Regionalisation and internationalisation of trade union activism in Swaziland

This article examines how the trade unions in Swaziland have shifted their activism from local to regional and international arenas, crystallising their positions around new demands that attracted the ban of their activities. The reasons for such a shift are critically discussed in the light of contemporary political and economic crises affecting the kingdom of Swaziland. Using the social movement theory and interviews collected from union leaders, the article focuses particularly on the cross-border alliances which are built between, on the one hand, the federations of trade unions in Swaziland and the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) around political changes and on the other hand between the Swazi unions and international union confederations.

クロスボーダーM&Aとクロスボーダー・アライアンスの統合マネジメント

クロスボーダーM&Aとクロスボーダー・アライアンスの統合マネジメント

The internationalization of European financial networks: a quantitative text analysis of EU consultation responses

Regulatory initiatives are frequently shaped by the ability of the financial industry to build alliances across the wider business community. Yet comparative and international political economy scholarship remains divided over how to explain the resulting networks of financial lobbying. Using quantitative text analysis of 1300 responses to EU financial regulatory consultations between 2010 and 2018, we map patterns of lobbying coordination based on cosigning and text re-use in consultation responses for the first time. This unique dataset is used to analyze hitherto hidden patterns of domestic and cross-border coordination by financial organizations within and between European countries. We find that while distinctive national lobbying networks persist at the country level, the internationalization of financial actors is statistically associated with the formation of coordination ties with foreign financial actors. This suggests that European financial integration has facilitated the emergence of new cross-border alliances which complement – rather than substitute for – existing domestic financial interest coalitions. We argue that the text-as-data approach employed here makes an important new contribution to scholarship on business power and the political economy of Europe.

The Critique of Toxic, Noble Masculinity in Los siete Infantes de Lara

The legend of Los siete infantes de Lara as redacted in the Estoria de España and Crónica de 1344 stands out from other extant Castilian epics in its focus on cross-border alliances and relationships with al-Andalus, as well as its positive characterization of Muslim Andalusi characters. This article focuses on the obverse of this dynamic and suggests that their favorable portrayal is in fact one of several literary devices that work to emphasize the degenerate behavior of their Castilian counterparts; a critique that heightens from one chronicle to the next and is at times expressed by way of irony. The legend presents a panorama of different Castilian masculinities, from young mozos to established members of the nobility, all of whom exhibit toxic behavioral patterns that have pathological, violent outcomes. This toxicity takes hold in different ways, from an inability to control their pasiones to a covetous pursuit of power and wealth. Their behavior explicitly contradicts the mesura and moral benevolence advocated by theoretical [End Page 41] models of masculinity formulated from the classical era to the early fourteenth century, as well as the established therapeutic tradition in medieval medical texts.

The Constitutionality of State and Local 'Norm Sustaining' Actions on Global Climate Change Actions: The Foreign Affairs Federalism Grey Zone

States and cities have long been leaders on global climate change by participating in international meetings, forming cross-border alliances, entering into bilateral memoranda of understanding, and even harmonizing their regulatory systems, as in the case of the California-Quebec emissions trading program. Such subnational efforts have taken on a new importance in the wake of President Trump’s withdrawal of the United States from the Paris Agreement on climate change. Although states and cities cannot be parties to this international agreement, they can contribute to its success by engaging in what I describe as “norm sustaining” activities. However, how can such norm sustaining activities survive constitutional scrutiny when the Supreme Court has often said the nation should speak with “one voice” on foreign affairs? The analysis of several different cross-border climate agreements between subnational actors raises some concern, especially for California’s linked cap-and-trade program with Quebec, which the Trump administration has challenged in court. Under the Compact Clause, the presumed constitutionality of existing agreements between states and foreign governments largely turns on the assumption that the interstate doctrine applies. Under the Supremacy Clause, the Supreme Court’s expansive reading of executive power could be interpreted to give preemptive effect to President Trump’s repudiation of the Paris Agreement. If California’s emissions trading program is perceived as a tax under the dormant Foreign Commerce Clause, then the requirement that the nation speak with one voice on international commerce could be violated. However, two trends—one legal and one factual—suggest otherwise. First, the legal and historical justifications for foreign affairs exceptionalism may make less sense in today’s society than at our nation’s founding. Recent cases suggest that the Supreme Court may be more likely to treat foreign affairs like domestic matters, at least where national security is not at issue. Second, when one considers the other ways in which state and local governments have engaged in the grey zone of foreign affairs law—such as by conducting trade and investment missions, entering into agreements to facilitate cross-border legal processes, and engaging in human rights treaty processes —subnational climate actions do not seem so extraordinary. Even the agreement creating the California-Quebec emissions trading program is similar to other cross-border activities, such as an agreement between New York and Quebec on driver’s licenses and an agreement between states and provinces on the Great Lakes. Through a unique analysis that situates subnational climate change agreements within a broader legal and factual context, this Article argues that cross-border climate action by states and cities is well-positioned to survive constitutional scrutiny.

Alliance capabilities, interpartner attributes, and performance outcomes in international strategic alliances

This study tests, using a sample of cross-border alliances, how different alliance capability components intersect to develop resource complementarity and trust and how such interpartner attributes themselves intersect to enhance performance. We find that management capability allows firms to build resource complementarity and trust. High formulation capability is required for management capability to positively shape resource complementarity. Search capability is only positively linked to resource complementarity when formulation capability is low. International alliance experience drives resource complementarity. Trust has an inverted U-shaped relationship with performance, and resource complementarity drives trust and performance. Resource complementarity positively moderates the trust–performance link.

The effects of country-of-origin fit on cross-border brand alliances

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of country-of-origin (COO) fit and consumer product knowledge on consumer brand attitudes in a cross-border strategic brand alliance (SBA). Design/methodology/approach An experimental study with 207 subjects was conducted using a series of 2 (COO fit: low vs high COO fit) by 3 (product knowledge: low vs moderate vs high knowledge) by 2 (time: pre- vs post-alliance attitudes) mixed factorial design. Findings The impact of COO fit on pre- and post-alliance changes in attitude toward the partner brand showed a nonlinear relationship from high-, to moderate-, to low-knowledge consumers. High COO fit significantly and positively affected pre- and post-alliance changes in attitude toward the partner brand more for high- and low-knowledge consumers than for moderate-knowledge consumers. In contrast, low COO fit significantly and positively affected pre- and post-alliance changes in attitude toward the partner brand more for moderate-knowledge consumers than for high- and low-knowledge consumers. Practical implications The effectiveness of cross-border SBAs differs with consumer product knowledge. For high- and low-knowledge consumers, high COO fit information had greater impact than low COO fit information in their product evaluation. However, when targeting moderate-knowledge consumers, providing sufficient product-related attribute information would help them to generate a favorable brand attitude. Originality/value This study attempted to identify the complex relationship between COO fit and consumer product knowledge on the consumer decision-making process.