Cronbach's Alpha Reliability Test Research Articles

The Relationship Between Game Online Addiction and The Tendency for Verbal Agressiveness in Multiplayer Online Battle Arena

Playing online games is an activity that is popular with various groups, not only children or adolescents, playing online games is also widely practiced by early adults to the elderly. Verbal aggression occurs due to online game addiction, so self-control is needed for Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA) users. This game emphasizes the cooperative nature of each player, the players will choose and control one game character that is mastered, and will form a strategy for the team which is a strong unit of various abilities and advantages that are unique and different from each character. in the game being played. This study aims to determine the relationship between online game addiction and verbal aggressive tendencies in Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA) players. The research method used is quantitative research methods. The subjects in this study were men and women aged 18-25 years, who were obtained using a nonprobability sampling technique with the accidental sampling method. The research data was tested using the Cronbach's alpha reliability test using the SPSS 23.0 application. The measuring tools used in this research are online game addiction scale and verbal aggressiveness scale. The results showed that there was a positive relationship between addiction to online games of the Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA) type and the tendency for verbal aggressive behavior was 0.709 (p <0.000) meaning that there was a significant positive relationship between online game addiction for moba and verbal aggressive behavior.

The Effect of Women’s Family Planning Method Use on Worry Level

Objectives: The research is aimed to determine the effect of women's family planning method use on worry level.
 Methods: The sample of this descriptive study was composed of 339 women who applied to the outpatient clinics of a hospital in Trabzon between 15.05.2019-01.10.2019. Data from the study was collected via the personal data form and the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ). Descriptive statistical methods, Cronbach Alpha reliability Test, t test in independent groups and ANOVA test were used to evaluate the research data. Before collecting data, permission to use the scale, research permission, ethics committee permission and written consent were obtained from the women participate in the research.
 Results: The average age of the women involved in the study was 31.51±6.53. %51 of the women were high school graduates and %65.8 were housewives. %12.4 of women expressed concern about the family planning method they used. Women received an average score of 54.16±14.39 from PSWQ. The mean scores of women using oral contraceptives, condoms, intrauterine devices and withdrawal methods from PSWQ are respectively 52.19±9.17, 58.20±15.25, 46.84±14.97 and 59.38±13.82 found to be. The PSWQ mean scores of women 25-32 aged between, 6 Months-1 years married, living in a large family, has a pregnancy and a child, the family planning method he uses negatively affects his sexual life and his relationship with his wife, dissatisfied with the family planning method he and his wife use, not trusting the method, worried about the method, fear of pregnancy it was found to be higher than other women and the difference between groups was statistically significant (p

Stakeholders’ Perspective on the Quality of Virtual Learning Material in Google Classroom

The COVID-19 pandemic stimulated education system worldwide to employ online learning to support learning despite difficult times. To respond to this challenge and to promote Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4, advocating quality education, a virtual learning material (VLM) for Biology was articulated in Google Classroom. Accordingly, this study aimed to evaluate its acceptability and conformity to the international standards for online courses using the Open SUNY Course Quality Review (OSCQR) rubric as the questionnaire. Respondents (N=40) involved four stakeholders: Senior High School Students, Pre-service Science Teachers, High School Teachers, and Science Instructors/Professors, with n=10 representatives each group. Their perspectives of the VLM acceptability in terms of Overview and Information, Technology and Tool, Design and Layout, Content and Activities, Interaction, and Assessment and Feedback were obtained through a Google Form by rating the 50-item questionnaire on a 4-point Likert scale together with two open-ended questions. With a grand mean of 3.81(SD=0.40), the findings revealed highly acceptable results. The qualitative responses also substantiated this result. Significant differences in the responses are also discussed, while the Cronbach alpha reliability test is high (α=0.923). Significantly, the VLM conforms with the international standards for online course design, suggesting it can be implemented among target students.

Accounting Information Security Control and Satisfaction of Accountants Regarding Accounting Information Systems

This study analyzes the factors affecting accountants’ satisfaction with the accounting information system in Vietnamese enterprises. The research results of this study show that the factors affecting user satisfaction with the accounting information system are directly influenced by four factors: the quality of the accounting workforce, perception of usefulness, system quality, and information quality. The quality of the accounting workforce is the factor that has the greatest direct impact on the accountant’s satisfaction. The second is the perceived usefulness factor. The third is the system quality factor, and the last is the information quality factor. In particular, the results of this study indicate that humans are an important factor. Knowledge of accounting information security control is directly proportional to accountants’ satisfaction with the accounting information system. The results can be used to recommend enterprises improve accountants’ satisfaction, helping to increase work efficiency. Objectives: The main objectives of this study include: (1) Identifying the factors influencing the satisfaction of accountants with the accounting information system in enterprises in Vietnam. (2) Determining the relationship between accounting information security and the satisfaction of accountants with the accounting information system. (3) Providing recommendations to enhance the satisfaction of accountants with the accounting information system in enterprises in Vietnam. Methods: This study uses qualitative and quantitative research. During the qualitative process, this study analyzed related works. Group discussions are used to provide initial assessments of measurement scales, concepts, and research hypotheses and to adjust, supplement, and explore influencing factors. The questionnaire and the research model are reviewed by the experts. Quantitative research involved data collection through survey investigations based on a designed questionnaire via Google Forms. The formal research survey was conducted using a stratified sampling method, encompassing businesses from various sectors. The quantitative research employed the Cronbach Alpha reliability test for the measurement scales, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and the use of structural equation modeling (SEM) to assess the structural relationships. Descriptive statistics and tests of significance were also utilized. Findings: The results of the study on the factors affecting user satisfaction with an accounting information system are directly influenced by four factors: system quality, information quality, quality of accountants, and perceived usefulness. The quality of the accounting workforce has the greatest direct impact on the accountant’s satisfaction, followed by perceived usefulness, system quality, and information quality factors. Novelty:This study discovered a relationship between knowledge of accounting information security and the level of satisfaction among accountants regarding information technology systems in enterprises in Vietnam. This finding can assist enterprises in implementing strategies to provide more training on accounting information security for their employees. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-05-06 Full Text: PDF

Ethical Leadership and Employee’s Performance in Lagos State Government-Office of the Auditor General

Ethical leadership is leadership that is directed by respect for ethical beliefs and values and for the dignity and rights of others. This study examined the effects of ethical leadership on employee performance in Lagos State Government-Office of Auditor General. The objectives of the study were to: examine the effect of ethical leadership on employee effectiveness in Lagos State Government-Office of the Auditor General; investigate the effect of ethical leadership on employee job satisfaction in Lagos State Government-Office of the Auditor General and evaluate the influence of ethical leadership on employee productivity in Lagos State Government-Office of the Auditor General. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design on a population of 381 of Lagos State Government-Office of Auditor General. Purposive sampling technique was employed in administering the research instrument. The research instrument employed was a questionnaire. Data were gathered from primary source. The research instrument employed was a self-constructed 5-point Likert scale questionnaire. The research instrument was validated through content validity and a Cronbach alpha reliability test of 0.875, 0.895 and 0.823 indexes were conducted. The results of the study revealed that ethical leadership has a significant influence on employee effectiveness, job satisfaction and productivity. Thus, the study recommended that the leadership of the commission should adopt equal treatment of its staff to help improve the quality and increase employees’ sense of commitment towards their job.

Secondary School Students’ Perception of Science Laboratory Accident Status and Preventive Measures in Awka Education Zone

Purpose of the study: The study investigated secondary school students’ assessment of science laboratory accident status and preventive measures in the Awka Education Zone. Two research questions guided the study, and one hypothesis was tested at a .05 significance level.
 Methodology: The study used the descriptive survey research design. A sample of 156 public and 40 private secondary school students was used. A checklist and a questionnaire were used to collect data. The questionnaire was validated, and a Cronbach Alpha reliability test gave a coefficient of 0.86. The collected data was used to analyze mean, standard deviation, percentage, and t-tests.
 Main Findings: The results revealed that science laboratory accidents do not occur in secondary schools in Awka Education Zone, irrespective of school type. The study also observed no significant difference in the preventive measures against science laboratory accidents adopted by private and public secondary school students in the zone.
 Novelty/Originality of this study: There is limited literature in the present study’s area seeking to assess the laboratory accident status in secondary schools and the measures the students take to avert these accidents. Thus, the present study’s findings would provide background information on laboratory activities and accidents in the area of the research and preventive measures to be deployed.

Pengaruh penggunaan media sosial dan teman sebaya terhadap prestasi belajar mahasiswa dimediasi motivasi

This study aims to determine the effect of the use of social media and peers on learning achievement mediated by motivation in economics students at the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Sebelas Maret University. The type of research used is quantitative with a survey method and the sample used is 262 economics students. The validity test used in this study uses Connfirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and uses the Cronbach Alpha reliability test. The data analysis technique used in this study is hierarchical regression analysis. Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that 1) there is a positive and significant influence between the variables of social media use on learning motivation, 2) peer variables directly do not influence learning motivation, 3) motivation variables do not influence learning achievement, 4) there is a significant influence between the variables of social media use on learning achievement, 5) there is a significant influence between peer variables on learning achievement.

Analysis of Basketball Coach Competency: A Case Study of Student Level Basketball Coaches in Yogyakarta

The purpose of this study was to analyze and measure the competence of student-level basketball coaches. The sample in this study were 70 student level basketball athletes. There are four indicators of coach competence, namely Motivation Competency, Game-strategy competency, Character-building competency, Technique competency. Data collection was carried out in 5 Yogyakarta schools simultaneously for one day. This research instrument uses a questionnaire and is distributed via the Google form. This questionnaire uses a Likert scale of 1 – 4. Before the questionnaire is distributed to athletes to answer, the Aiken's validity test is first carried out with a value of 0.898 and the Cronbach Alpha reliability test is 0.791. Based on the competency results of Yogyakarta student basketball coaches "very poor" 6 answers (8.57%), "less" 17 answers (24.29%), "enough" 21 answers (30%), "Good" 23 answers (32.86%), "very good” 3 answers (4.28%). However, the weakness of Yogyakarta student basketball coaches is the Character-building competency and Technique competency indicators. This is evidenced by the total answers are very less and less, more than the total answers are very good and good. So that there is a need for special training support, coach training, or basketball coach education through sports colleges, the competency test stages are carried out gradually and periodically so that the competence of student basketball coaches can continue to increase and develop.

Competencies needs of secondary school teachers for implementation of entrepreneurial business trades curriculum in Adamawa State, Nigeria

The study investigated “Competencies Needs of Secondary Schools Teachers for Implementation of Entrepreneurial Business Trades Curriculum in Adamawa State, Nigeria”. As a guide, two specific objectives, research questions and null hypotheses were raised. Descriptive survey was used for the study. The population of the study was 220 business trade teachers in Adamawa State secondary schools, and Total Population Sample (TPS) was used for the study. A 4-point scale structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The instrument was validated by four experts and pilot study was carried out in Gombe State senior secondary schools to test the validity of the instrument using Cronbach Alpha reliability test which yielded a coefficient of .846. Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS), 25 was used to process the mean scores and standard deviations for answering the research questions, while the hypotheses were tested using Analysis of Variance at 0.05 level of significant. The study disclosed that Business Trades teachers need competencies in entrepreneurial skills competencies and basic competencies for effective implementation of Entrepreneurial Trade subjects in secondary schools, without which the objectives of the curriculum would not be achieved. The study concluded that, the introduction of Entrepreneurial Business Trade subjects at the secondary school level will not address the problem of unemployment if the situation of the teachers who are responsible for the implementation of the curriculum remained unchanged. Based on these, it was recommended among others that government should organize training sessions for business trade subject teachers, to enable them to acquire the needed competencies for instructional delivery in the secondary schools. It was suggested that Entrepreneurial Business Trade teachers should acquire the two competencies entrepreneurial skills and basic competencies for implementation of entrepreneurial business trades curriculum in the secondary schools, so as to achieve the desired objectives for which the curriculum was developed, that is self-employment, self-reliance and sustenance in all facets of economic, social, political and technological developments.

Staff Development Programmes and Quality Instructional Delivery among Public Secondary School Teachers in Education District II of Lagos State, Nigeria

Education is often seen as a prerequisite for quality manpower development and wealth creation, a sure path to success in life and service to humanity. Hence, every society requires adequate human and material resources to improve its social organization, preserve the culture, enhance economic development and reform the political structures. Thus, teachers have an important role in adequately preparing the younger generation for their societal roles to achieve the set national objectives. In light of this basic truth, attempts must be made at examining staff development programs and quality instructional delivery of public secondary school teachers, in Lagos, Nigeria. Consequently, adopting the descriptive survey research design, the population of the study comprised 2438 public secondary school staff in Education District II of Lagos State, 140 teachers and seven principals which were randomly selected from seven public secondary schools in Education District II of Lagos State, Nigeria using simple random sampling technique at 5% margin and 95% confidence level, who responded to a self-designed and validated questionnaire titled “Staff Development Programmes and Quality Instructional Delivery Questionnaire (SDPQIDQ)”. The reliability coefficient was 0.87, using the Cronbach Alpha reliability test. Three research questions and three research hypotheses were answered and tested at .05 significant levels using mean scores, standard deviation, and regression analysis. The findings of the study showed that in-service training (r=.827; P<.05), workshop (r=.846; P<.05), and seminar programs (r=.832; P<.05) significantly have an impact on the quality instructional delivery of public secondary school teachers in Education District II of Lagos State, Nigeria respectively. Premised on the findings, it was recommended among others that teachers need a broader and wider acquisition of knowledge. Therefore, the study recommended that government should mobilize adequate funds for regular workshops, seminars, and in-service training of secondary school teachers in Education District II of Lagos State.

Analysis of Coaches Work Culture Behavior in DIY Province

The purpose of this research is to analyze the coaches work cultural behavior in DIY province in the context of POPNAS 2023 (National Student Sports Week) Indonesia. The importance of this study is to evaluate the trainer's performance during the training periodization. This research uses survey method, its analysis uses quantitative descriptive. The sample of this research is 40 trainers consisting of 15 types of sports, these sports will be competed in the Indonesian POPNAS (National Student Sports Week). The research instrument was a questionnaire in the form of a Google form consisting of 24 statement items. The indicators of the coache work culture behavior are divided into attitudes toward work and behavior on time work. Test the validity of the instrument using Aiken's with a value of 0.898 and Cronbach's Alpha reliability test with a value of 0.791. The results of this study indicate that the cultural behavior of DIY provincial trainers shows the results of "very poor" 4 coaches (10%), "less" 7 coaches (17.5%), "enough" 21 coaches (52.5%), "Good" 6 coaches (15 %), “very good” 2 coaches (5%). Based on the results of research on work behavior, the work culture of DIY coaches is in the dominant category of "enough". Thus it can be an evaluation material for all levels of coaches and sports organizations about the importance of coach awareness and other support including sports institutions so that they pay more attention to coaches. Suggestions from this study so that research can be developed by adding samples or research variables. Because research that examines the work culture of coaches is still a little published.

Measuring Entrepreneurial Skills and Sustainability in Small Business Enterprises Post-Pandemic: Empirical Study From Cross River State, Nigeria

In an attempt to understand the underlying factors contributing to the high failure rate of small and medium-sized businesses in Nigeria, there is a need to focus on the extent to which the entrepreneurial skills of the operators impact the businesses. Therefore, the study aims to identify entrepreneurial skills required for sustainable small business enterprises in Calabar Metropolis of Cross River State, Nigeria. Two research questions were posed to guide the study. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design, and multistage sampling techniques was observed. The stratified and accidental sampling techniques were used to arrive at the selected sample of four hundred (400) registered small business enterprises operating in Cross Rivers State. A structured questionnaire titled “Questionnaire for Entrepreneurial Skills Required for Sustainable Small Business Enterprises in Calabar Metropolis” (QESRSSBECM) was used for data collection. The Cronbach Alpha Reliability test was used to determine the reliability of the instrument, which availed a high internal consistency of the instrument at 0.76 - 0.83. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze data gathered for the research using SPSS version 21.0. The research findings revealed that risk management and ICT skills are required for sustainable small business enterprises in Calabar Metropolis in the post-covid era. It was recommended, among others, that small business enterprise operators in Calabar Metropolis and Nigeria should be trained on developing their risk management practices and ICT capacities through advocacy, on-the-job training, seminars, and conferences.

PENGARUH METODE DEMONSTRASI TERHADAP MINAT BELAJAR SISWA PADA PEMBELAJARAN FIQIH

This research aimed to discover the effect of learning using the demonstration method on students' class X and XI learning interest in learning Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) at MA Nur As-Sholihat. This study used a descriptive quantitative correlational type and was conducted at MA Nur As-Sholihat, South Tangerang. The research subjects were students of class X and XI MA Nur As-Sholihat, totalling 100 students. The research applied a cluster sampling technique, and data collection techniques utilized questionnaires, interview and documentation. The validity result adopted the Pearson Product Moment correlation technique and the Cronbach Alpha Reliability Test with the help of SPSS 25. The data analysis used the Pearson Product Moment correlation and simple linear regression techniques. The results indicated a positive effect of the demonstration method on students' interest in learning Fiqh at MA Nur As-Sholihat. This can be seen from the acquisition of the t value is 7,985. In contrast, the t table  is 1,66, with a significance level is < 0,05. The criteria H0  is rejected if t value ˃ t table  at α = 5% with a value is 7,985 > 1,66. This means that the contribution of the variable X (Demonstration Method) with the variable Y (Students' Interest in Learning) is 39,4%, and the difference is 60,6% which was not examined in this research.

Exploring the interplay of environmental conservation within spirituality and multicultural perspective: insights from a cross-sectional study.

The need to protect and sustain environmental resources for future generation remains sacrosanct in global sustainability agenda. This study was aimed at exploring the interplay between environmental conservation and spirituality from a multicultural perspective. While studies on "spirituality" have monumentally gained global attention, a growing number of evidence underscore the critical role of spiritual resources available for ensuring environmental stewardship. In this present study, attempt was made to respond to some critical questions: Is there any significant association between spirituality and environmental responsibility? What is the impact of spiritual leadership on environmental conservation? What key messages do spiritual leaders need to prioritize to encourage environmental conservation? And what are some of the spirituality-related predictors of willingness to engage in global environmental conservation efforts among the respondents? To determine this nexus between spirituality and environmentalism, a cross-sectional study design was adopted. Primary data were collected by means of a validated and adapted instrument from various literature searches. Data collected from a sample of 1,438 respondents were entered on Excel spreadsheet and eventually exported on SPSS version 21 for further analysis. Every segment of the instrument used yielded a Cronbach's alpha reliability test result of no less than 0.70. Descriptive statistics and ordinal logistics regression analysis were employed. The findings revealed that majority of respondents expressed a high level of spirituality (p value < 0.05). Majority (70%) of the respondents believe that everyone has a duty of care toward nature. More than two-third (> 60.0%) would be more inclined to observing environmental conservative measures if their spiritual leaders would continue to give exemplary teachings on environmental conservation. While a few indicators of spirituality yielded direct correlation with the willingness to engage in global environmental conservation efforts, most of the selected indicators reflect willingness. Some of these (predictors) include how often respondents pray, meditate, and fast; caring about people, animals, and the planet; being just happy to be alive; etc. In conclusion, this study reasoned that spirituality could indeed serve as a foundation for environmental conservation campaigns and could reinforce pro-environmental behaviors.

Start-Up and Perceived Entrepreneurial Intention of Master-Level Students of Management

Various circumstances may influence the entrepreneurial intent of students. The likelihood that a student will engage in entrepreneurial action in the future depends on their entrepreneurial intention. The major goal of the study is to comprehend how master's level management students from Butwal Sub-Metropolitan City's entrepreneurial purpose is influenced by attitude toward behavior, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, entrepreneurship education, and personality features. Distribution of survey questionnaires to respondents at several master's level management colleges in Butwal is how the basic data for this study was obtained. Of the 271 successful responses, 271 were considered in the analysis. Every variable is subjected to Cronbach's alpha reliability test, which ensures high-reliability results. In this study, multiple linear regression analysis and Pearson's correlation coefficient are used to analyze the observed independent variables (i.e. attitude towards behavior, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, entrepreneurship education, and personality traits). The association between each factor and entrepreneurial intent is important. The study's findings show that most master's level management students are planning to participate in entrepreneurial projects in the future, which is positive. To raise student knowledge of career options as entrepreneurs, policymakers and academics must get involved early in the process of providing entrepreneurship education. To increase students' motivation, family, friends, and relatives must be encouraged to provide structural support.

Smart Building Construction Technology, A Digital Innovation for Enhancing Builders Entrepreneurial Sustainability

The building construction industry is currently on the pathway to digitalization in line with the ongoing fourth industrial revolution. However, builders have been quite slow in aligning with the digitalization pathway due to lack of adequate understanding of digital innovative skills. This study aims to develop digital skills needed by builders to become enterprising in the building construction industry. Survey research design was adopted for the study. Two research questions and hypotheses were used to carry out the study. The population for the study comprised 115 male &amp; female practicing builders from some selected building construction industry in South-east states of Nigeria. Structured questionnaire was used to deduce respondent’s perception about digital innovative skills needed for constructing smart buildings. The internal consistency of the questionnaire was determined by the use of Cronbach alpha reliability test which yielded a value of 0.76. Data generated were analyzed using mean to answer research questions. T-test was used to test the hypotheses at probability level of 0.05. findings from the study revealed that BIM, IoT, BSM and data analytics are among the chief digital skills needed by builders to align with the digitalization of building construction industry. The findings further suggested that builders with possession of digital innovative skills promises to stay enterprising in the building construction industry. The study recommended that training opportunities on acquisition of digital skills relevant to the building construction industry should be sought for by all practicing builders in Nigeria to address the evolving dynamics in the built environment.

The impact of peer friend toward self-resilience

Self-resilience is the most important part of students' learning process at school. Middle school students tend to follow patterns from their peers in dealing with self-resilience. This study aims to investigate the impact of peers on the self-resilience of eight grade students at MTs Negeri 4 Magelang. This research includes correlational research with a quantitative approach. Inferential analysis is selected as the data analysis. The population of this study was 160 students. The sample was 61 students. A simple random is chosen as sampling technique. The instrument employed was a self-resilience questionnaire. To determine the quality of the questionnaire scale, the Bivariate Person (Moment Products) validity test and Cronbach's alpha reliability test were employed with a value of 0.901 which is belong to the very reliable category. Hypothesis testing is tested using simple regression. The results of the study showcase that peers have a significant impact on students' self-reliance. Peers have contributed to self-resilience by 14.9%. The significance level based on the simple regression test is 0.001 which is smaller than 0.05. This study concluded that peers have a significant impact on the self-reliance of eight grade students at MTs Negeri 4 Magelang. Keywords: self resilience, student, learning, junior high school students, peer friend

The Effects of Currency Redesign 0n Vote Buying and the Quality of the Electoral Process in Ikere Local Government of Ekiti State

In an announcement made by the Central Bank of Nigeria governor on October 26, 2022, it was disclosed that new Naira notes would be introduced to replace the existing denominations of 200, 500, and 1,000 Naira notes. The redesign was scheduled to come into effect on Thursday, December 15, 2022 few weeks to the 2023 general elections. This research study examines the effects of the currency redesign on vote buying, quality and integrity of the electoral process in Ikere Local Government Area of Ekiti State. The population of study is 65,651 registered voters in the 11 wards of Ikere Local government. The study adopted a mixed-methods approach, using survey method, analysis of official election data, and non-participant observation, while a simple random sampling technique was used to choose three polling units each from the 11 wards, purposive sampling method was deployed to select 10 respondents each from the 33 selected poling units bringing the number of respondents to 330. Instrument of data collection was the Likert style questionnaire with 0.690 Cronbach Alpha reliability test. Simple percentage and Pearson correlation were two statistical tools deployed in the analysis of data derived from the field survey using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings of this study revealed that the introduction of the new currency had reduced the open buying and selling of votes, however, politicians still found alternative means to induce voters in the just concluded election in Ikere Local Government Area. The study recommends that Government especially the security agencies should intensify effort through impeccable intelligences to smoke out and prosecutes those involve in vote buying to serve as deterrence for future elections in order to promote transparency, fairness and improve the quality of the electoral process.

Pengaruh akuntabilitas pengelolaan dan optimalisasi penggunaan dana desa terhadap pengembangan badan usaha milik gampong (BUMG)

Village funds are essential for development; therefore, it is crucial to look into their management and use. This study aims to examine the impact of accountability in managing village funds and optimizing the use of village funds on the growth of village-owned enterprises (a case study in Padang Rubek Village, Kuala Pesisir District, Nagan Raya District). Methods for collecting data include conducting surveys and obtaining as many as 25 respondents. Using a questionnaire, survey data were collected, processed, and analyzed using multiple linear regression tests. The Pearson Correlation Validity Test and the Cronbach Alpha Reliability Test are used to assess the quality of the data for this study. Applying multiple linear regression to data. The findings of this study indicate that the accountability of village fund management has a positive and significant impact on the development of gampong-owned businesses. Moreover, optimizing the use of village funds has a substantial positive impact on the growth of gampong businesses. This result suggests that village-owned enterprises can develop further if village funds are managed appropriately.

Influence of Chemical Treatment of Natural Fibres Using the SPSS Method

Chemical Treatments of Natural Fibre Chemical treatment of hazardous waste involves converting it into non-toxic gases by changing or altering its chemical characteristics. Various treatment methods are used, such as reducing solubility or acidity through neutralization or pH adjustment, precipitation or oxidation and reduction, hydrolysis and photosynthesis, chemical oxidation (such as ozonation, electrolytic oxidation, and hydrogen peroxide), and chemical removal (such as alkali metal dichlorine and alkali). Commonly used chemical treatment processes include metallization, activated chemical treatment processes, chemical precipitation, neutralization absorption, disinfection (using chlorine, ozone, UV light), and ion exchange. Natural fibers obtained from the plant kingdom include cotton, flax, jute, bamboo, sisal, and co-conut husks. Cotton and flax are examples of seed hairs, while jute is an example of stem (or bast) fibers. Sisal is an example of leaf fibers. Animal fibers include secretions such as wool, hair, and silk. Popular animal fibers include angora and mohair. This paper reviews various chemical properties of natural fiber-reinforced composites, including changes resulting from the use of natural fibers. Chemical treatments, such as alkali, silane, acetylation, benzoylation, acrylation, malate coupling agents, isocyanates, permanganate, and others are discussed in relation to their effect on the fiber surface. The aim of these treatments is to improve adhe-sion between the fiber and polymer matrix. As a result, water absorption of composites decreases and their mechanical properties are improved. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences, commonly known as SPSS, quickly gained popularity in the 80s and 90s, ex-tending beyond the commercial sector to the social sciences. The original name was dropped, and the name was shortened to "SPSS." Several attempts were made to introduce a word that fits the acronym "SPSS," but they often failed. In the early 2000s, "Statistical Packages and Software Services" was used for some years, but eventually dropped. "SPSS" became just a name and was no longer short for anything. There is, however, a detailed history of SPSS from 1968 to 2009, which is available to anyone interested. The industries included in this study are the non-metal mineral product industry, general equipment manu-facturing, mining and washing of coal, textile industry, food manufacturing industry, and special equipment manufacturing. The Cronbach's Alpha reliability test was conducted, and the overall Cronbach's Alpha value for the model is 0.744, indicating a 74% reli-ability rate. Based on the literature review, a model with a Cronbach's Alpha value of over 0.50 can be considered for analysis. The text appears to be correct as it is. The Cronbach's Alpha reliability test was conducted, and the overall Cronbach's Alpha value for the model is 0.744, indicating a 74% reliability rate. Based on the literature review, a model with a Cronbach's Alpha value of over 0.50 can be considered for analysis.