Cronbach Alpha Reliability Coefficient Research Articles

Green Logistics Practices and Their Impact on Product Sustainability in Fast-Moving Customer Goods Firm in Lagos State, Nigeria

This research examined product sustainability and green logistics practices of selected FMCG enterprises in Lagos State, Nigeria. FMCGs prioritize efficiency and sustainability. Many studies have focused on non-FMCG enterprises and developed nations, not rising nations. This study was survey-based. This survey included 13,782 managerial staff from eight listed FMCG corporations in Lagos State, Nigeria. Taro Yamane formula calculated 519 sample size. Simple random sampling was utilized. Data was collected using a validated questionnaire. The Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient for the constructs varied between 0.78 and 0.94. The percentage of response was 96.7%. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics as well as inferential statistics, including multiple and hierarchical regression. The findings revealed that green logistics practices had significant effect on the product sustainability of selected FMCG firms in Lagos State, Nigeria (Adj.R2 = 0.03; F(5, 496) = 4.977, p < 0.05). The study concluded that green logistics practices promote product sustainability of selected FMCG firms in Lagos State, Nigeria. This study recommended that the management of FMCG firms in Lagos State, Nigeria should adopt a holistic approach to product sustainability, integrating green logistics practices into a broader sustainability strategy to enhance their long-term sustainability.

A scale development study: Primary Caregiver Burden Scale Individuals Receiving Hemodialysis Treatment.

As hemodialysis is a long-term treatment method requiring significant self-management skills, it affects both the patient and the caregiver in many ways. It is inevitable that changes in the burden perceived by the caregiver over time will not affect the patient's health care outcomes. The aim of this study was to develop an up-to-date scale by examining the psychometric properties of items created specifically for the care burden perceived by individuals who provide care for patients receiving hemodialysis treatment. This study is a methodological study with the use of the COSMIN Checklist. The sample of the study included 404 individuals who were the primary caregivers of patients receiving hemodialysis treatment. Data were collected using descriptive characteristics form and the draft form of the Primary Caregiver Burden Scale Individuals Receiving Hemodialysis Treatment. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and predictive validity were used to evaluate validity. The Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient, item analysis, and test-retest method were employed to evaluate reliability. According to exploratory factor analysis, a scale structure with four subdimensions was determined, and goodness of fit was achieved using confirmatory factor analysis. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the final form of the scale consisting of 34 items was found to be 0.95 for the total scale, 0.93 for the self-management support subscale, 0.91 for the psychological support subscale, 0.91 for the caregiver symptom subscale, and 0.93 for the caregiver individual coping subscale. The Primary Caregiver Burden Scale Individuals Receiving Hemodialysis Treatment, which was found to meet the validity and reliability criteria, has a four-point Likert-type scoring structure, 34 items, and four subdimensions. It is thought that the scale can make significant contributions to the international literature if its validity and reliability are established with nursing practices and research.

Validation of the Disaster Adaptation and Resilience Scale for Vulnerable Communities in Vietnam's Coastal Regions.

This study validated the Vietnamese version of the Disaster Adaptation and Resilience Scale (DARS) for use in vulnerable communities in Vietnam. This was a cross-sectional study involving 595 adults from 2 identified communities. The original DARS assessment tool was translated, and the validity and reliability of the Vietnamese version of DARS (V-DARS) were assessed. The internal consistency of the overall scale and its subscales was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega reliability coefficients. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was employed to evaluate its construct validity, building upon the factor structure identified in exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Construct validity was assessed based on convergent and discriminant validity. Following the established criteria for EFA, 8 items were removed, resulting in a refined V-DARS structure comprising 35 items distributed across 5 distinct factors. Both alpha and omega reliability coefficients indicated strong internal consistency for the overall scale (α = .963, ω = .963) and for each of the 5 sub-scales (all > 0.80). The CFA model also retained the 5-factor structure with 35 items. The model fit indices showed acceptable values (RMSEA: 0.072; CFI: 0.912; TLI: 0.904; chi-square test: <0.01). Additionally, the convergent and discriminant validity of the V-DARS were deemed appropriate and satisfactory for explaining the measurement structure. Our findings suggest that the V-DARS is a valid and reliable scale for use within vulnerable communities in Vietnam to assess adaptive responses to natural disasters. It may also be considered for use in other populations.

Multilingual Education From Students: Case Study in Israel and Moldova

Purpose of the study: This study sets out on an innovative exploration to understand the nuanced learning needs of students, particularly focusing on the often-neglected areas of non-formal and multilingual education. Methodology: Utilizing a robust quantitative survey methodology, this research draws insights from a carefully designed questionnaire comprising 20 rigorously validated statements, achieving a commendable Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient of 0.82. The study centers on a diverse group of 200 secondary school students from the culturally diverse landscapes of Israel and Moldova. Main Findings: The study investigates the external influences of national and institutional education policies, as well as transformative educational reform initiatives. Internally, it explores personal aspirations such as the desire for knowledge enhancement, professional retraining, and pursuit of individual interests and leisure activities. Furthermore, the research delves into the complex role of foreign languages in the educational framework, highlighting significant gaps in teacher proficiency, pedagogical methodologies, contemporary learning resources, and assessment practices. Novelty/Originality of this study: The uniqueness of this study lies in its recognition of the multifaceted benefits of multilingual education, which goes beyond cognitive development to foster emotional and social enrichment. Central to this discussion is the concept of interlanguage transfer, a phenomenon that captures the dynamic interaction between the languages of bilingual or multilingual individuals, significantly influencing their linguistic abilities. This study not only emphasizes the importance of multilingualism in educational settings but also highlights its potential to enhance the educational experience for students, educators, and society as a whole.

Information Search Knowledge and Agricultural Education Students’ Use of Public Library in Cross River State, Nigeria

The study determined the influence of information search knowledge on agricultural education students’ use of public libraries in Cross River State, Nigeria. To achieve the purpose, two research questions and two hypotheses were formulated. This study adopted a survey research design. All the 96 final year agricultural education students of the two public universities in Cross River State were purposely selected for the study. A validated questionnaire titled “Information Search Knowledge and Agricultural Education Students’ Use of the Library Questionnaire (ISKAESULQ) was used for data collection. This instrument was face and content validated by three experts. A reliability index of 0.81 was obtained for the questionnaire using Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient after a pilot test. All hypotheses were tested at .05 significance level using simple linear regression and independent t-test statistics. Findings revealed that knowledge of information sourcing significantly influences the use of libraries by agricultural education students in public universities and that there is no significant difference in the influence of knowledge of information sourcing on male and female agricultural education students’ use of public libraries. Based on the findings, it was recommended amongst others that information search knowledge and literacy should be included in the course outline for use in library, and taught as a course in tertiary institutions, as this would ensure that students including those in Agricultural Education have the necessary knowledge needed to source and search for key information in the library

Assessment of the psychometric properties of the italian version of the midwifery student evaluation of practice (MIDSTEP-IT): A validity and reliability study

BackgroundClinical learning is a crucial component of the midwifery education program, necessary to support the acquisition of professional abilities through the integration of theoretical and practical learning experiences. Evaluating Bachelor of Midwifery students’ perception of their clinical learning experiences is important to improve midwifery educational programs. Aimthe objective of this study was the translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the Midwifery Student Evaluation of Practice (MidSTEP) in a group of Italian midwives’ students. Methods“Translation and Cultural Adaptation of Patient Reported Outcomes Measures - Principles of Good Practice” guidelines were adopted to achieve the MidSTEP Italian version. Exploratory Factor Analysis was performed. Internal consistency for reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient (α) and Omega coefficient (ω), while Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) were used to determine if the tool was stable over time. FindingsThe Italian version of MidSTEP (MidSTEP-IT) has good internal consistency: considering the Clinical Learning Environment Scale, Cronbach's α was 0.839 (for the “Skill Development” subscale α was equal to 0.739 and for the “Philosophy of Midwifery Practice” subscale α was equal to 0.825) while considering the Midwifery Preceptor Scale, Cronbach's α was 0.920. Factor analysis does not fully reflect the factorial analysis of the original version. ConclusionThe MidSTEP-IT had been proven to be a valid and reliable tool, easy and fast to administer, that could be effectively helpful for investigating and measuring the Italian midwifery students’ perception of their clinical learning experiences, according to the setting and impact of mentors on their professional growth. It is an innovative tool, valuable in both clinical practice and research to highlight the importance of encouraging a supportive clinical learning environment and an efficient preceptorship.

Validity and reliability study of Turkish version of abbreviated science anxiety scale

The aim of this study is to adapt “Abbreviated Science Anxiety Scale”(ASAS) developed by Megreya et al. (2021) to Turkish and to investigate the reliability and validity of Turkish-ASAS. In the adaptation study, some steps were determined and implemented. After the English-Turkish translation validity of ASAS was ensured, data were collected within the scope of the survey study for reliability and validity studies. The study group in the scale adaptation study are experts (teaching staff in science education, Science teacher, and English teacher) and 410 middle school students (Grade 5, 6, 7 and 8). After the descriptive statistics and item analysis were made, a exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was performed to reveal the factor structure. The adaptation stage findings shows the two-factor structure of ASAS. These factors are “learning science anxiety” and “science evaluation anxiety”. Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient for ASAS-Turkish was calculated as 0.703. As in the original scale, ASAS-Turkish is a 5-point Likert type scale and consisting of 9 items. The results show that ASAS-Turkish is a short, valid and reliable tool. Low scores on the ASAS indicate low anxiety and high scores indicate high anxiety. It can be used to guide and enhance scientific study.

Exploring the Relationship between Self-esteem and Optimistic-Pessimistic Attitudes in English Majors at Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry and Trade

The relationship between self-esteem and optimistic and pessimistic attitudes is significant in individual behavioral patterns in society and studying, according to educational psychology. The study will be done on 70 English majors at Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry and Trade (HUIT) with a quantitative research method and two scales: Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale (1965) and Scheier, Carver, and Bridge's Life Orientation Test-Revised (1994) to determine this correlation. There are two hypotheses stated in this study: (1) Self-esteem and optimistic attitudes are positively correlated among English majors at HUIT, and (2) Self-esteem and pessimistic attitudes are negatively correlated among English majors at HUIT. To answer the above hypotheses, the study will employ SPSS 26.00 to perform descriptive statistics, Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient analysis, and Pearson correlation analysis. The data suggest that among HUIT English majors, there is a positive correlation between self-esteem and an optimistic attitude and also a positive correlation between self-esteem and a pessimistic attitude. These findings provide insight into the complicated link between self-esteem and optimistic and pessimistic attitudes, revealing that people with higher self-esteem might have both optimistic and pessimistic dispositions in academic life and daily life.

INVESTIGATING THE METACOGNITION CALIBRATIONS AND MATHEMATICAL METACOGNITION AWARENESS OF 8TH GRADE STUDENTS; SKILL-BASED MATHEMATICS QUESTIONS

The purpose of this study is to examine the metacognitive awareness of eighth-grade students in mathematics and their metacognitive calibrations in skill-based mathematics questions from various variables, and to determine the relationship between these factors. A relational survey design is used in the study. The sample of the research consists of 303 female students, 217 male students, totaling 520 students who are in the eighth grade. Data were collected using the "Mathematical Metacognition Awareness Scale (MMAS)," the "Skill-Based Mathematics Questions Test (SMQT)," and the "Self-Evaluation Scale (SES)." In the research, the Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient of MMAS is found to be .881. The discriminability indices of SMQT are above .34, and the item difficulty indices range from .28 to .88. Descriptive statistics, independent groups t-test, related and unrelated groups ANOVA, and multiple correlation techniques were used in the analysis of the data. In the results of the research, it was observed that students' genders significantly differentiated their mathematical metacognition awareness and biases, but did not differentiate their accuracy significantly. The socio-economic levels (SEL) of students were found to significantly affect their mathematical metacognition awareness but did not differentiate their metacognitive calibrations. The students' mathematics grades were found to significantly differentiate their mathematical metacognition awareness and metacognitive calibrations. There was no significant relationship between students' mathematical metacognition awareness and metacognitive calibrations. Another finding obtained from the study is that students tend to be better calibrated in medium and difficult mathematics questions compared to easy questions, and in difficult and easy questions, they tend to be excessively confident compared to medium difficulty questions.

Anxiety scale for parents of gifted children (ASPGC): Validity and reliability study

This study aimed to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool to determine the anxiety levels of parents with gifted children. The participants were selected using a convenient sampling method. The sample of this study consisted of 550 parents of gifted middle school students attending 12 Science and Art Centers throughout Turkey in the 2022-2023 academic year. This study utilized the "Anxiety Scale for Parents of Gifted Children," developed by the researchers in this study, which consisted of 30 items, to obtain quantitative data. A Personal Information Form was used for demographic information. The scale’s validity was assessed through face, content, and construct validity, and its reliability was examined using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, item discrimination, and test-retest analyses. Expert opinion and a pilot study were conducted for face and content validity, whereas EFA and CFA were performed for construct validity. The data of 300 randomly selected participants (229 females and 71 males) were used for EFA, while the data of the remaining 250 participants (189 females and 61 males) were used for CFA. As a result of the EFA, eleven items were excluded, and CFA was conducted. The analysis yielded the following fit indices for the scale: RMSEA= .054, GFI= .912, CFI= .937, and IFI= .939. The Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient was .890. Based on the analyses, a valid and reliable scale comprising 19 items and five factors was developed to assess the anxiety levels of parents with gifted children.

Scale Development Study on the Perception of Responsibility for Providing Professional Value for Prospective Teachers

In this study, it was aimed to develop a measurement tool with validity and reliability to determine the perceptions of academicians working in faculties of education about their responsibility to provide pre-service teachers with professional values. In order to create the necessary item pool for the scale, the literature was reviewed and in this context, a question pool of 44 items was created and expert opinions were taken. After the revisions in the items, Lawshe Technique was used to determine the content validity. 300 faculty members were administered the scale and a data set was obtained, which was analyzed for validity and reliability. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to reveal the construct validity of the scale, Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient, item-total score correlation and two-half test reliability methods were used to ensure the reliability of the scale, and lower 27%-upper 27% independent groups t-test was used for the discrimination of the scale. As a result of EFA, a 26-item, 3-factor structure emerged. This structure explains 59.647% of the total variance of the scale. Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient for the reliability of the scale was found to be 0.952. It was observed that the item total correlation values were high and positive above 0.5 and the correlation values of all items were above 0.30, which is recommended as the lower limit. According to the results of the two-half test reliability analysis, the correlation coefficient between the equivalent halves was found to be 0.942. As a result of the t-test between the scores of the upper 27% and lower 27% groups in order to examine the discrimination of the scale items, it was found that the difference between the groups was significant at α=.000 level.

A Turkish-Language Validation and Reliability Study of the Storm Fear Questionnaire (SFQ)

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the validity and reliability of the Turkish-language version of the Storm Fear Questionnaire (SFQ). Material and Methods: The research was completed with 299 individuals. After obtaining sociodemographic information of the participants, Storm Fear Questionnaire, Eco-Anxiety Scale and Severity Measure for Specific Phobia were administered. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was applied to evaluate the scale’s construct validity, while Cronbach's alpha (α) reliability coefficient was used to determine its consistency, and test-retest reliability was employed to determine its stability. Results: Scores from the SFQ scale ranged from 0 to 56, with a mean score of 13.30±11.40. A structure consisting of a single factor with an eigenvalue greater than 1, explaining 59.0% of the total variance emerged from the factor analysis. Factor loadings for the SFQ, the original of which consists of 15 items, ranged between 0.594 and 0.879. One item with a factor loading less than 0.30 was removed from the scale. The Cronbach alpha coefficient of the first test was 0.943. Conclusion: We think that the 14-item scale obtained in this research can be employed as a valid and reliable tool for evaluating storm fear in adults in Türkiye.

Diagnostic efficacy of abdominal US compared to contrast enhanced CT in the evaluation of the left hepatic lobe volume for morbidly obese patients before bariatric surgery

BackgroundBariatric surgery has been widely distributed as an effective treatment method for morbid obesity. An increased volume of the left hepatic lobe may affect the ergonomics of bariatric surgery, which could complicate the surgical techniques and require special instruments. CT of the abdomen is considered the gold standard imaging modality in the assessment of the left hepatic lobe volume; nevertheless, it has some drawbacks, such as exposure to ionizing radiation, besides the contrast and gantry limitations. The objective of this study is to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of abdominal US in comparison to CT in measuring the left hepatic lobe volume in morbidly obese patients as part of their preoperative evaluation. Seventy-two morbidly obese patients of different ages (between 22 and 55 years) and genders were included in this study who were scheduled for bariatric surgery.ResultsThe intraclass coefficient and Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient with their 95% CI were used. There was a strong positive correlation between left hepatic lobe volumes as measured by US and CT (r = 0.999, p value < 0.001), indicating a significant linear relationship between them. The mean of the two variables was very close (474.2 ± 164.9 cm3) by US and (475.1 ± 164.5 cm3) by CT.ConclusionsAbdominal US examination for assessment of the left hepatic lobe volume is considered a valid diagnostic method compared to CT (with a clinically accepted slight difference between values) in preoperative assessment of morbidly obese patients. It provides an accurate, simple, and inexpensive diagnostic tool that avoids the drawbacks of CT.

The Relationship Between Body Dissatisfaction and Social Anxiety in Adolescents Using Instagram Face Filter

Introduction: Dissatisfaction with the body, especially the face, is often experienced by adolescents during their development. These feelings encourage adolescents, especially women, to try to disguise their dissatisfaction by using face filters on the Instagram application. The appearance gap between the real and virtual worlds can cause anxiety when socializing. This study aimed to determine the relationship between body dissatisfaction and social anxiety of adolescent girls who use face filters on the Instagram application. Method: The type of research used is an observational analytic correlation with a cross-sectional approach with a total sample of 165 people taken through a purposive sampling technique. The level of body dissatisfaction was measured using the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire-Appearance Scale with a Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient of 0.866. In contrast, the level of social anxiety was measured using the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents with a Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient ranging from 0.76-0.91. Results: The results of univariate analysis using frequency distribution analysis showed that the majority of respondents had moderate levels of body dissatisfaction (24.2%) and average levels of social anxiety (52.7%), while the results of bivariate analysis using Pearson Product Moment r=0.435** (p-value=0.001) showed that the higher the level of dissatisfaction with the body, the higher the value of adolescent social anxiety levels, and vice versa. Conclusions: It can be concluded that there is a relationship between body dissatisfaction and the social anxiety of adolescent girls who use face filters on the Instagram application. Providing health education to teenage users of Instagram face filters can be given to reduce body dissatisfaction and anxiety in establishing social relationships.

Database Management and Information Security Competencies Required by Administrative Office Managers in the Utilization of Electronic Records in Tertiary Institutions for Sustainable Development

The study determined the competencies required by administrative office managers in the utilization of electronic records in tertiary institutions in Taraba State, Nigeria. Two specific purposes, two research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. The design adopted for the study was the survey research design. The population for the study comprised 901 (males 659 and females 242) administrative office managers in nine (9) tertiary institutions located in Taraba State. The sample size consisted of 277, determined using Yaro Yamane’s formula. The instrument for data collection was a 4-point rating scale structured questionnaire titled “Questionnaire on Competencies Required by Administrative Office Managers in the Utilization of Electronic Records in Tertiary Institutions in Taraba State (QOMCUERTITS). The instrument was validated by three experts and was subjected to internal reliability testing using Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient. The overall reliability index obtained was 0.85. Data collected were analysed using mean and standard deviation to answer the research questions and t-test to test the research hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Results revealed that database management and information security competencies are required by administrative managers in the utilization of electronic records. The gender of administrative office managers in tertiary institutions was not significant in database management and information security competencies required in the utilization of electronic records. It was recommended that there should be training and retraining programmes for lecturers to acquire and teach competencies areas of database management and information security.

Database Management and Information Security Competencies Required by Administrative Office Managers in the Utilization of Electronic Records in Tertiary Institutions for Sustainable Development

The study determined the competencies required by administrative office managers in the utilization of electronic records in tertiary institutions in Taraba State, Nigeria. Two specific purposes, two research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. The design adopted for the study was the survey research design. The population for the study comprised 901 (males 659 and females 242) administrative office managers in nine (9) tertiary institutions located in Taraba State. The sample size consisted of 277, determined using Yaro Yamane’s formula. The instrument for data collection was a 4-point rating scale structured questionnaire titled “Questionnaire on Competencies Required by Administrative Office Managers in the Utilization of Electronic Records in Tertiary Institutions in Taraba State (QOMCUERTITS). The instrument was validated by three experts and was subjected to internal reliability testing using Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient. The overall reliability index obtained was 0.85. Data collected were analysed using mean and standard deviation to answer the research questions and t-test to test the research hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Results revealed that database management and information security competencies are required by administrative managers in the utilization of electronic records. The gender of administrative office managers in tertiary institutions was not significant in database management and information security competencies required in the utilization of electronic records. It was recommended that there should be training and retraining programmes for lecturers to acquire and teach competencies areas of database management and information security.

Development of the ‘Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale on Activities Supporting Motor Development (MSS-S)’ in Preschool Education

The main aim of this study was to develop a comprehensive scale to assess preschool teachers' self-efficacy to facilitate motor development activities. Scale validation was assessed through content, construct, and criterion validity, while reliability was determined through Cronbach's alpha and test-retest analyses. It was found that the content validity ratio of the items exceeded the threshold of 0.56 after content validity analysis. In addition, the content validity index for the scale was calculated to be a robust 0.903. A sample of 361 preschool teachers were then administered the scale. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed on the data obtained. The results of the EFA showed that the factor loading values ranged from 0.52 to 0.83. Following the EFA, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was carried out, which resulted in a χ2/df value of 1.657. Other goodness of fit indices were as follows: GFI=0.90, TLI=0.94, IFI=0.95, CFI=0.95, RMSEA=0.043, SRMR=0.052. Overall, the scale explained 51.242% of the total variance. Consequently, the initial form was refined into a 27-item, 3-factor structure as a result of factor analysis. In terms of the criterion validity analysis, a significant positive relationship emerged between the scale and a comparable instrument measuring a related construct. Furthermore, regarding reliability analysis, the scale showed a high Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient of 0.88. The scale's test-retest reliability was confirmed with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.77. In conclusion, this study provided a scale that can be deemed both valid and reliable for the assessment of the self-efficacy of preschool teachers in implementing motor development activities.

Sexual Orientation and Moral Value as a Determinant of Sexual Harassment among Athletes in South-South State Sports Councils in Nigeria

This study was designed to determinesexual orientation and moral value as a determinant of sexual harassment among athletes in south-south states sports council in Nigeria. Two specific objectives, two research questions and two null hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted descriptive survey design. The population for the study comprised of one thousand six hundred and forty seven (1,647) male athletes and one thousand two hundred and seventy four (1,274) female athletes. They give a total of two thousand, nine hundred and twenty one (2,921) sports athletes in South-South Sports Council which spread across the six states. The sample size of the study consisted of three hundred and thirty six (336) male athletes and two hundred and sixty two (262) female athletes giving a total of (598) representing twenty percent (20%) of athletes from each of the state Sport Council. Instrument titled “Orientation and Moral Value as a Determinant of Sexual Harassment of Athletes Questionnaire (OMVDSHAQ)” was used for data collection. Instrument was trial tested on 20 athletes who were not part of the research sample. Cronbach Alpha Reliability Statistics and reliability co-efficient of 0.98 was obtained. The data was analysed using simple regression to answer the research questions while simple linear regression was used to test the hypotheses at .05 levels of significance. The finding of the study showed sexual orientations and moral values are determined by sexual harassments among athletes. Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended among others that training on moral values should be organized for athletes from time to time in order to ensure high moral values, athletes should be encouraged to report cases of sexual harassment in the sport council and such report should be treated with all amount of seriousness.

Analysis of Victims' Attitude and Isolation from Sexual Harassment among Athletes in South-South State Sports Councils of Nigeria

This study was designed to determine the Prevalence and Determinants of Sexual Harassment Among Athletes in South-South States Sports Council in Nigeria. Two specific objectives, two research questions and two null hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted descriptive survey design. The population for the study comprised of 1,647 male and 1,274 female athletes. They give a total of 2,921 sports athletes in South-South Sports Council which spread across the six states. The sample size of the study consisted of 336 male and 262 female athletes giving a total of 598 representing 20% of athletes from each of the state Sport Council. Instrument titled “Victims Attitude and Isolation as a determinant of Sexual Harassment of Athletes Questionnaire (VAIDSHAQ)” was used for data collection. The instrument was validated by three research experts, all from the University of Uyo. Instrument was trial tested on 20 athletes who were not part of the research sample. Cronbach Alpha Reliability Statistics and reliability co-efficient of 0.98 was obtained. The data was analysed using simple regression to answer research questionswhile the hypothesis was tested using F-ratio in simple linear regressionat .05 levels of significance. The prevalence of victim attitudes and isolations from sexual partners are determined of sexual harassments among athletes. Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended among measures that individuals with records of sexual abuse should not be admitted into the sport council in order to avoid repetition of such act. Also, that victims of sexual harassment who refuse to report the incidence should be sanctioned by the sport council when noticed.

Enhancing the Quality of Secondary Education Through Professional Development of Teachers in Nigeria

The study investigated how to enhance the quality of secondary education through professional development of teachers in Nigeria. Two research questions guided the study and one hypothesis was tested at 0.05 level of significance. The descriptive survey research design guided the study. The population of the study comprised 5396 (5,133 teachers and 263 principals) in 263 public secondary schools in six Education Zones in Anambra State. A total of 579 respondents (513 teachers and 66 principals) were drawn through proportionate stratified and simple random sampling technique for the study. Two validated structured questionnaires were used as a instrument for data collection. The application of Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient yielded coefficient values of 0.81 for teachers’ professional development and 0.77 for quality in secondary education for the two instruments respectively with an overall coefficient value of 0.79 for internal consistency of the instrument. Mean, standard deviations and t-test were used for data analysis. The findings of the study revealed that engaging secondary school teachers in ongoing training workshops target at improving subject knowledge; establishing mentorship programmes for experienced and less experienced teachers so as to provide guidance and providing teachers with adequate time to study new techniques to improve their practice are TPD strategies for enhancing the quality of secondary education in Nigeria. The findings also show that dysfunctional school cultures, poor leadership commitment towards providing quality in secondary education, poor funding and lack of a shared vision about what high-quality instruction entails are some of the obstacles to professional development of teachers. Further findings revealed that teachers’ professional development significantly enhances the quality of secondary education in Nigeria. The researchers therefore recommended among others that Government at all levels through the ministries of education should draw up a policy framework for teachers’ professional development in secondary schools in Nigeria.